Circular 18: Privacy: Public Copyright Registration Records

w 	copyright.gov
CIRCULAR
18
As part of its administrative duties, the Copyright Office
requests and receives certain types of personally identifiable
information (PII) during the process of submitting a
copyright registration application. Examples of requested PII
include names, dates of birth, addresses, telephone numbers,
fax numbers, and email addresses. The Copyright Act and
Office regulations mandate the collection of some of this
information; other information is optional. The Copyright
Act requires the Office to preserve all collected information
as part of the public record. As a result, you may want to
consider the types of information you provide when you
complete a registration application.
note: Information pertaining to PII within this Circular
applies only to registration records, not recordation records.
For more information on recordation, see Recordation of
Transfers and Other Documents (Circular 12).
What records does the Office make available to the
public?
The Copyright Office is required to maintain records of
registrations, which include the applications and deposits
submitted to the Office, as well as any correspondence
that occurs between the Office and an applicant during
examination. These items are known as the official
registration record. The Office compiles information
from these records, including PII provided on registration
applications, to publish a catalog of all copyright registrations.
Catalog information for all post-1977 registration records
is available on the Copyright Office’s website, and scanned
images of older records from the Copyright Card Catalog and
Historical Record Books Collection are periodically added
online through a digitization project. Copies of deposits
are not posted online and are only available to the public
for on-site inspection at the Copyright Office. For example,
When you register a work with the
Copyright Office, you create a public
record of your claim. All information
you provide on your copyright
registration application will be
available to the public, and some of
it will be on the internet. For more
information about privacy and the
Copyright Office, see chapter 200,
section 205 of the Compendium of
U.S. Copyright Office Practices, Third
Edition.1
Privacy:
Public Copyright
Registration Records

Privacy: Copyright Public Records	2
a lyrical sheet submitted as a deposit copy to satisfy the requirements for a copyright registration
application is not posted online but is available for public on-site inspection at the Copyright Office.
Information related to the lyrical sheet that is provided within the registration application, such as
authorship and ownership information, is posted online.
For more information on Copyright Office records and deposits, see Obtaining Access to and
Copies of Copyright Office Records and Deposits (Circular 6).
Who can see the PII in my copyright registration records?
Anyone can view copyright registration records. The Office is required by law to make copyright
registrations available for public inspection, including any PII that is in a registration application.
Once a registration is completed and a claim has been cataloged, the entire registration record,
including application forms, certificates, correspondence, and deposits, is available to the public for
on-site inspection.
What records does the Office make available to the public?
The Copyright Office is required to maintain records of registrations, which include the applications
and deposits submitted to the Office, as well as any correspondence that occurs between the Office
and an applicant during examination. These items are known as the official registration record. The
Office compiles information, including PII provided in applications, from these records to publish a
catalog of all copyright registrations. Catalog information for post-1977 registration records is made
available on the Copyright Office’s website, and scanned images of older records from the Copyright
Card Catalog and Historical Record Books Collection are periodically added online.
Who can see the PII in my copyright registration records?
Anyone can view copyright registration records. The Office is required by law to make copyright
registrations available for public inspection, including any PII that is in a registration application.
Once a registration is completed and a claim has been cataloged, the entire registration record is
available to the public for on-site inspection.
In addition, PII in post-1977 registrations made available through the online catalog can be
viewed on the Copyright Office’s website. Categories of information in copyright applications that
are made available online include the type of work, registration number, title of the work, author,
authorship, claimant, claimant address, birth year, preexisting material, date of creation, date of
publication, and rights and permissions information. As the Copyright Office continues to digitize
older records from the Copyright Card Catalog and Historical Record Books Collection, PII in regis-
tration applications and certificates from 1870 to the present will be available online.

Privacy: Copyright Public Records	3
Sample Catalog Records
The sample catalog records below show copyright application information typically displayed in
the Copyright Office online database. Highlighting is added to show certain potentially personal
information that will appear in the record.

Privacy: Copyright Public Records	4
How can I prevent PII from being placed on the Copyright Office website?
All information provided on the application for registration will become a permanent part of the
public record of the Copyright Office, and some of that information will be available online through
the Office’s website, including the name and address of the copyright claimant. Some things to
consider when completing an online application include:
• 	Claimant Address. The claimant address is required by the Copyright Act and will appear in
the online public catalog. If you have privacy concerns, select the address that you wish to
appear on the registration record, such as a post office box or business address rather than a
home address.
• 	Rights and Permissions. This optional question allows an applicant to provide contact
information for third parties interested in seeking permission. Any information provided
for this question will be made available online. Do not include personal contact information,
including addresses, phone numbers, or email addresses that you wish to keep private. If you
want to include rights and permissions information but do not want to provide personal details,
you may provide information for a third-party agent, a post office box, or a designated email
address. If someone else submits an application on your behalf, it is still your responsibility to
ensure that the information you want to keep out of the public record is omitted. Information
provided in an application becomes part of the public record regardless of whether you or your
authorized agent prepared and submitted the application.
Can I substitute or remove personal information that I don’t want to include in the
online public record?
In certain circumstances, an author, claimant of record, or the authorized representative of the
author or claimant of record may, for a fee, submit a request to remove or substitute PII from the
online public record subject to the following limitations:
• 	Name Changes – The Office will only grant a request to substitute the name of an author or
claimant with the person’s current legal name. The request must be accompanied by a copy of
official documentation of the name change. The Office will not grant a request to remove a
name or replace it with a pseudonym.
• 	Claimant Address – The Office will only grant a request to substitute the claimant’s address. The
Office will not grant a request to remove a claimant’s address from the online public record.
• 	Removal of Information – The Office will grant a request to remove information entirely
from the online public record only if the safety, privacy, or other stated concern substantially
outweighs the need for the information to remain in the record. When requesting to remove
information, you must explain in detail why the presence of PII in the online record presents a
specific threat to your personal safety or personal security or presents other circumstances that
support the request.

Privacy: Copyright Public Records	5
How do I submit a request to substitute or remove PII from the online public record?
To submit a PII request, complete the online form available on the Copyright Office’s website at
copyright.gov/forms/remove_pii.html. You must follow the payment information provided in the
confirmation screen, which will also be emailed to you after submitting the form.
If you prefer to make your request in writing, label it “Request to Remove PII.” Your request must
include the following information:
• 	The copyright registration number(s) associated with the record.
• 	The name of the author and/or claimant of record on whose behalf the request is made.
• 	A statement identifying the PII that is to be removed or substituted.
• 	Where applicable, verifiable substitute nonpersonally identifiable information that should
replace the PII currently in the online record.
• 	A statement providing the reasons supporting the request.
• 	The statement “I declare under penalty of perjury that the foregoing is true and correct.”
• 	If the request is submitted by an authorized representative of the author or claimant of record,
an additional statement that “I am authorized to make this request on behalf of [name of
author or claimant of record].”
• 	A telephone number.
• 	An email address (if available).
• 	A physical mailing address to which the Office’s response can be sent (if no email address
is provided).
The request must be signed and dated by the author, claimant of record, or the duly authorized
agent of the author or claimant of record. It must be accompanied by the appropriate filing fee
specified in the Office’s fee schedule, under “Miscellaneous Fees” in the field titled “Removal of PII
from Registration Records.” Note that the fee for an initial request applies to each registration record
that you are requesting be changed. Fees can be paid by check, money order, or bank draft payable
to the U.S. Copyright Office, or they can be charged to a deposit account.
Where do I send my request?
Send your request by mail to:
Associate Register of Copyrights and Director of the Office of Public Information and Education
U.S. Copyright Office
P.O. Box 70400
Washington, DC 20024-0400
When should this process not be used?
This procedure should not be used to correct an error in an existing registration or to amplify the
information given in an existing registration. For those changes, use the supplementary registration.
For more information, see Supplementary Registration (Circular 8).

Privacy: Copyright Public Records	6
Will my registration records help provide contact information for someone
interested in using my work?
Yes. Records of copyright registrations and recorded documents are available to the public to identify
the author(s) and copyright owner(s) of a work. The public record will also provide information
about an agent who can be contacted to license the registered work and to grant permission to use it,
where applicable.
Why is my copyright registration information now appearing on search engines
such as Google?
Your copyright registration is a public record, therefore others can access it and may create
alternative means to make the information in it more widely available. The Copyright Office is not
responsible for the form or the substance of third-party redistribution of Copyright Office records.
note
1. This circular is intended as an introduction to personally identifiable information made available
to the public. The authoritative source for U.S. copyright law is the Copyright Act, codified in Title
17 of the United States Code. Copyright Office regulations are codified in title 37 of the Code of
Federal Regulations. Copyright Office practices and procedures are summarized in the third edition
of the Compendium of U.S. Copyright Office Practices, cited as the Compendium. The copyright law,
regulations, and the Compendium are available on the Copyright Office website, copyright.gov.

1 	U. S. Copyright Office · Library of Congress · 101 Independence Avenue SE · Washington, DC 20559 · copyright.govCIRCULAR 18 REVISED: 01 /2023 	PRINT: 00 /0000 — 0,000
For Further Information
By Internet
The copyright law, the Compendium, electronic registration, application forms, regulations,
and related materials are available on the Copyright Office website at www.copyright.gov.
By Email
To send an email inquiry, click the Contact Us link on the Copyright Office website.
By Telephone
For general information, call the Copyright Public Information Office at (202) 707-3000 or
1-877-476-0778 (toll free). Staff members are on duty from 8:30 am to 5:00 pm, eastern time,
Monday through Friday, except federal holidays. To request application forms or circulars by
postal mail, call (202) 707-9100 or 1-877-476-0778 and leave a recorded message.
By Regular Mail
Write to
Library of Congress
U.S. Copyright Office
Outreach and Education Section
101 Independence Avenue, SE #6304
Washington, DC 20559-6304