Michael Lawrence Pousson v. the State of Texas

In The

Court of Appeals

Ninth District of Texas at Beaumont

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NO. 09-23-00346-CR
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MICHAEL LAWRENCE POUSSON, Appellant

V.

THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee
________________________________________________________________________

On Appeal from the 252nd District Court
Jefferson County, Texas
Trial Cause No. F22-39091
________________________________________________________________________

MEMORANDUM OPINION

A jury convicted Michael Lawrence Pousson of Continuous Sexual Assault

of a Child, a first-degree felony. 1 See Tex. Penal Code Ann. § 21.02. The jury then

sentenced Pousson to forty-five years incarceration in the Texas Department of

Criminal Justice. In two issues on appeal, Pousson argues the trial court erred by

1The record reflects that the judgment in this case shows the appellant’s name

listed as “Michael Lawrence Pousson” and “Michael Lawerence Pousson[.]” For
purposes of our opinion, we will refer to Pousson as “Michael Lawrence Pousson.”
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admitting hearsay when an officer testified regarding the child victim’s statements

made during a forensic interview, and the prosecutor engaged in improper argument.

We affirm.

Background
We limit our recitation of facts to that which is necessary to the appeal’s

resolution. Erin testified Pousson, her mother’s fiancé, sexually assaulted her several

times from the time she was five years old to seven years old.2 These sexual assaults

included putting his sexual organ in her mouth and putting his sexual organ in her

vagina and anus. After Erin reported the sexual abuse to her mother, she underwent

a forensic interview at Garth House Children’s Advocacy Center with Magan

Bonner. Although the video of the interview was not played for the jury, Bonner

recounted what Erin told her regarding Pousson’s abuse. According to Bonner, Erin

stated that Pousson sexually assaulted her multiple times.

Detective John Hudson was present at Erin’s forensic interview at the Garth

House, and, over objection from defense counsel, Hudson testified that Erin made

allegations that would support the criminal offense of Continuous Sexual Abuse of

a Child as defined by the Texas Penal Code.

2We refer to the victim by a pseudonym to protect her privacy. See Tex. Const.

art. I, § 30(a)(1) (granting crime victims “the right to be treated with fairness and
with respect for the victim’s dignity and privacy throughout the criminal justice
process”).
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During closing argument, the prosecutor made the following statements to the

jury:

[THE STATE]: I told you at the beginning of this there would be
questions that would go unanswered. There would be things you know
existed that don’t come into evidence. And [Defense Counsel] and I
both know the Rules of Evidence. Some stuff just doesn’t come in. It’s
hearsay, right? You know what does come into evidence, though?
Inconsistencies. When [Defense Counsel] wants someone to -- wants
to take someone to ask for an inconsistency, she can march on up there
with her transcript and say, Well, that’s not what you say this day, right?
She didn’t do that with [Erin] about the video. Because [Erin] was
consistent.

[DEFENSE COUNSEL]: Objection, Your Honor. I didn’t ask [Erin]
about the video and what she said at the Garth House interview.

[THE STATE]: Okay.

THE COURT: That’s what she just -- overruled. Go ahead.

[THE STATE]: And she could have. She could have asked every
question she wanted to, but she didn’t want anymore information in
front of y’all because that information would have been consistent with
what [Erin] told you today on the stand.

The jury convicted Pousson of Continuous Sexual Assault of a Child, and he

was sentenced to forty-five years incarceration in the Texas Department of Criminal

Justice. Pousson timely appealed.

Issue One

In his first issue, Pousson argues the trial court erred by allowing hearsay

testimony from Detective Hudson regarding Erin’s statements during her forensic

interview. He contends the evidence was inadmissible hearsay, and since it went to
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the crux of the case, its admission was harmful, warranting a reversal of his

conviction.

We review the admission of evidence under an abuse-of-discretion standard.

See Bingham v. State, 987 S.W.2d 54, 57 (Tex. Crim. App. 1999) (citations omitted).

If we determine the trial court erred in overruling an objection to hearsay, we must

determine whether the error caused harm. See Tex. R. App. P. 44.2(b). Because the

admission of inadmissible hearsay is non-constitutional error, we consider it

harmless if, after examining the record as a whole, we are reasonably assured the

error did not influence the jury or had but slight effect. See Taylor v. State, 268

S.W.3d 571, 592 (Tex. Crim. App. 2008); Johnson v. State, 967 S.W.2d 410, 417

(Tex. Crim. App. 1998) (citations omitted); see also Tex. R. App. P. 44.2(b).

Likewise, “inadmissible evidence can be rendered harmless if other evidence at trial

is admitted without objection and it proves the same fact that the inadmissible

evidence sought to prove.” Mayes v. State, 816 S.W.2d 79, 88 (Tex. Crim. App.

1991) (citations omitted); Anderson v. State, 717 S.W.2d 622, 628 (Tex. Crim. App.

1986) (citations omitted).

After testifying that he watched the forensic interview “to determine whether

or not criminal activity is even being alleged[,]” Hudson was asked:

Q. In E[rin]’s cases, did she make allegations that comprised of a
criminal allegation?

[Defense counsel]: Objection, Your Honor, hearsay.
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THE COURT: Overruled.

A. Yes, she did.

Q. (BY [State’s counsel]) What was the offense that she was alleging?

A. The offense in the Penal Code is continuous sexual abuse of a child
or young children I believe is the statute.

On appeal, Pousson argues this testimony was inadmissible hearsay which

improperly bolstered the child’s credibility. An out-of-court statement is hearsay if

a party seeks to introduce the statement “to prove the truth of the matter asserted in

the statement.” Tex. R. Evid. 801(d). Hudson did not tell the jury what Erin said

during her interview. Rather he testified that her “allegations” invoked the Penal

Code’s definition of continuous sexual assault of a child. Because Hudson did not

offer Erin’s statements for the truth of the matters asserted, his testimony did not

constitute hearsay. See id. 801(d)(2).

But even if Hudson’s testimony impliedly conveyed hearsay, any error in

admitting the testimony was harmless because the details of the alleged sexual

assault were admitted through other witnesses and evidence. See Johnson, 967

S.W.2d at 417; Mayes, 816 S.W.2d at 88. Erin testified at trial that Pousson sexually

assaulted her several times over a two-year period by putting his sexual organ in her

mouth, or by putting his sexual organ in her vagina or anus. Mother testified that

Erin told her that Erin did not want to stay with Pousson because he was hurting her

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and touching her inappropriately. Erin told her mother that Pousson put his penis in

her anus and vagina. Based on the record as a whole, we conclude any error in

admitting Hudson’s testimony was harmless. Johnson, 967 S.W.2d at 417; Mayes,

816 S.W.2d at 88. We overrule issue one.

Issue Two
In his second issue, Pousson complains that during closing argument, the State

told the jury that defense counsel did not attempt to impeach Erin with her out-of-

court interview at the Garth House (which was not in evidence), because what she

said in the interview would have been consistent with her trial testimony. Pousson

asserts the State’s argument was improper because it injected matters that were

outside the record.

To preserve error for review, a litigant must timely object to the alleged error

and state the grounds for the ruling sought from the trial court with sufficient

specificity to make the trial court aware of the complaint, unless the specific grounds

were apparent from the context of the objection. See Tex. R. App. P. 33.1(a)(1)(A);

Dixon v. State, 2 S.W.3d 263, 265 (Tex. Crim. App. 1998). The purposes of requiring

a timely, specific objection are (1) to inform the judge of the basis of the objection

and give him the chance to make a ruling on it, and (2) to give opposing counsel the

chance to remove the objection. Garza v. State, 126 S.W.3d 79, 82 (Tex. Crim. App.

2004) (citing Zillender v. State, 557 S.W.2d 515, 517 (Tex. Crim. App. 1977)). A

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defendant forfeits his right to complain on appeal about an improper jury argument

if he fails to object to the argument. Threadgill v. State, 146 S.W.3d 654, 670 (Tex.

Crim. App. 2004). Additionally, the point of error on appeal must comport with the

objection made at trial. Bekendam v. State, 441 S.W.3d 295, 300 (Tex. Crim. App.

2014).

Defense counsel’s objection at trial was “Objection, Your Honor. I didn’t ask

E[rin] about the video and what she said at the Garth House interview.” Defense

counsel did not object that the State’s argument injected matters that were outside

the record. But assuming without deciding that the basis of Pousson’s objection was

sufficiently apparent from context, Pousson still failed to preserve the argument he

makes on appeal, because after his objection was overruled, the State continued,

“And [Defense Counsel] could have. She could have asked every question she

wanted to, but she didn’t want anymore information in front of y’all because that

information would have been consistent with what E[rin] told you today on the

stand.” Pousson did not object to the State’s continuation of the argument. We

conclude Pousson failed to preserve his complaint for appellate review. See

McFarland v. State, 845 S.W.2d 824, 840 (Tex. Crim. App. 1992) (“Where the same

evidence or argument is presented elsewhere during trial without objection, no

reversible error exists.”); Helleson v. State, 5 S.W.3d 393, 398 (Tex. App.—Fort

Worth 1999, pet. ref’d) (same); Trejo v. State, 594 S.W.3d 790, 803-04 (Tex. App.—

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Houston [14th Dist.] 2019, no pet.) (same); Tex. R. App. P. 33.1. We overrule

Pousson’s second issue.

Conclusion

Having overruled Pousson’s issues, we affirm the trial court’s judgment.

AFFIRMED.

KENT CHAMBERS
Justice

Submitted on June 26, 2025
Opinion Delivered August 27, 2025
Do Not Publish

Before Golemon, C.J., Wright and Chambers, JJ.

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