Alex Perry Neal v. the State of Texas

Affirmed and Opinion Filed August 9, 2024

S In The
Court of Appeals
Fifth District of Texas at Dallas
No. 05-23-00521-CR

ALEX PERRY NEAL, Appellant
V.
THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee

On Appeal from the 296th Judicial District Court
Collin County, Texas
Trial Court Cause No. 296-82977-2022

MEMORANDUM OPINION
Before Justices Partida-Kipness, Pedersen, III, and Carlyle
Opinion by Justice Partida-Kipness
Appellant Alex Perry Neal appeals his conviction for the third-degree felony

offense of obstruction or retaliation against a public servant. TEX. PENAL CODE §

36.06(a)(1)(A). In a single issue, Neal contends the evidence was legally insufficient

to support the conviction. We affirm.

BACKGROUND

Detective Jeffrey Rich is a detective with the Plano Police Department (PPD).

In August 2018, another PPD officer asked Detective Rich to assist in a case

involving allegations of online harassment. Detective Rich served a search warrant
on a social media company to identify the person posting certain statements online.

Detective Rich then forwarded the information he received to the lead detective.

Detective Rich had no other involvement with that case. The person committing the

online harassment in that case was Neal. In April 2021, the PPD’s professional

affairs sergeant called Detective Rich and alerted him to a complaint made by Neal

against Detective Rich concerning his involvement in the 2018 harassment case and

a phone call the PPD recorded regarding Neal’s complaint. The sergeant also told

Detective Rich that Neal had mentioned Detective Rich and his daughter. Then, in

May 2022, Neal attempted to electronically file what purported to be three criminal

indictments for felony charges with Detective Rich listed as a defendant. The

indictments accused Detective Rich of tampering with a government record,

continuous sexual abuse of a child, and trafficking of persons.

The first fake indictment alleged Detective Rich committed the offense of

tampering with a government record and breach of computer security. It also

included a vehicle description of a vehicle previously owned by Detective Rich. The

inclusion of the vehicle description alarmed Detective Rich. The fake indictment

also listed Brian Kailbourne and Keith Boutte as witnesses who testified before the

grand jury. Those names were significant to Detective Rich regarding Neal because

those names appeared in the return information received from the social media

company in 2018.

–2–
The second fake indictment included the same vehicle description and

offenses as in the first filing and again listed Kailbourne and Boutte as witnesses. It

also included Detective Rich’s former home address. Detective Rich testified it was

“absolutely” alarming to see his former home address on the fake indictment:

Being that I’m in the position or job that I’m in, I’m very aware of my
social presence or my footprint in the Internet, and I work very
diligently to maintain confidentiality of my home address for the
protection of my family and things like that. And the fact that it was
able to be determined on here, even though it was an old address, it was
concerning to me.

The third fake indictment again included the same vehicle description and Detective

Rich’s former home address and listed Boutte as a witness. That document included

an additional address, which Detective Rich discovered later was an address that

Neal is familiar with. It also listed three additional witness names that he did not

recognize. The third filing, however, altered the alleged offenses. That filing alleged

offenses for continuous sexual abuse of a young child or disabled individual and the

trafficking of persons. The document also stated the offenses were committed on

persons from “Next Level Sports” and “Dallas Figure Skating Club.” Detective

Rich’s daughter is an athlete and part of the Dallas Figure Skating Club. He is also

on that club’s board of directors. Seeing his daughter’s club listed on the fake

indictment made him feel “pretty concerned for the welfare of my family.” Detective

Rich was not familiar with “Next Level Sports.”

Neal’s attempted electronic filings were received by Deputy District Clerk

Brittany Jagger in the civil family office of the Collin County District Clerk’s Office
–3–
on May 4, 2022, May 9, 2022, and May 11, 2022. Jagger testified she was initially

alerted “that something wasn’t right” because indictments “do not get filed with the

civil family office.” Rather, indictments “get filed only in the criminal office,” are

“always paper filed,” and are not filed through the court’s e-filing system. Other

aspects of the indictments also looked suspicious to Jagger. For example, the State

of Texas was listed as the filing party and did not include a department name or

attorney name, such as the district attorney’s office and an employee of the district

attorney. Jagger contacted the supervisor of the criminal office about the attempted

filings and asked her to look at the documents and advise Jagger on what to do with

the filings. When the supervisor came to Jagger’s desk to review the documents,

they called the phone number listed as “the firm phone number” on the filings and

discovered the number was for the Texas Secretary of State. They were told the

Secretary of State had not filed the documents and “had no idea” what Jagger was

talking about. On May 12, 2022, Jagger rejected the three attempted filings and

turned them over to the Collin County Sheriff’s Office for investigation.

Investigator Matthew Polk was lead investigator on this case. He issued

subpoenas to the Texas Office of Court Administration (OCA) to obtain the IP

address associated with the attempted filings. From the information received from

OCA, Investigator Polk determined AT&T managed the IP address. He then issued

a subpoena on AT&T to obtain the customer information associated with the IP

address. AT&T provided the customer’s name, service address, contact phone

–4–
number, and email address. The billing party was listed as Karen Neal, who is Neal’s

mother. The service address listed was Neal’s home address. The Sheriff’s Office

obtained a search warrant for that address, which Investigator Polk executed with

other officers. After knocking on the front door, officers made contact with the

residents inside. The officers told the residents they were there for a search warrant

but did not provide details about the warrant. Investigator Polk then heard Neal say,

“Is Jeff Rich going to jail today?” Investigator Polk testified he believed at that point

in the investigation Neal was involved in the attempted filings:

Given the other factors that we already knew before we arrived to the
house, and not having any conversation with Alex before he made that
statement, led me to believe that he was involved in the filings.

Following the investigation, the State indicted Neal on the charge of obstruction or

retaliation against a public servant pursuant to Texas Penal Code § 36.06(a)(1)(A).

The State also indicted Neal for the state jail felony offense of tampering with

government records with intent to harm. The indictments were filed under separate

cause numbers in the trial court but tried together in a single trial. The jury convicted

Neal on both charges. This appeal relates only to the third-degree felony conviction

for obstruction or retaliation against a public servant.

STANDARD OF REVIEW

We review a sufficiency challenge by considering all the evidence in the light

most favorable to the verdict and determine, whether, based on the evidence and

reasonable inferences therefrom, a rational jury could have found the essential

–5–
elements of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt. Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307,

318–19 (1979); Matlock v. State, 392 S.W.3d 662, 667 (Tex. Crim. App. 2013);

Brooks v. State, 323 S.W.3d 893, 895 (Tex. Crim. App. 2010). We defer to the fact

finder’s credibility and weight determinations because the fact finder is the sole

judge of the witnesses’ credibility and the weight to be given to their testimony.

Cisneros v. State, No. 05-22-00406-CR, 2023 WL 4992604, at *3 (Tex. App.—

Dallas Aug. 4, 2023, no pet.) (mem. op., not designated for publication) (citing

Winfrey v. State, 393 S.W.3d 763, 768 (Tex. Crim. App. 2013)). The fact finder can

choose to believe all, some, or none of the testimony presented by the parties.

Chambers v. State, 805 S.W.2d 459, 461 (Tex. Crim. App. 1991). “Circumstantial

evidence is as probative as direct evidence in establishing the guilt of an actor, and

circumstantial evidence alone can be sufficient to establish guilt.” Hooper v. State,

214 S.W.3d 9, 13 (Tex. Crim. App. 2007). Evidence is sufficient if “the inferences

necessary to establish guilt are reasonable based upon the cumulative force of all the

evidence when considered in the light most favorable to the verdict.” Wise v. State,

364 S.W.3d 900, 903 (Tex. Crim. App. 2012).

APPLICABLE LAW

The central purpose of the retaliation statute is to encourage public servants

or other specified individuals to perform vital public duties without fear of

retribution. Doyle v. State, 661 S.W.2d 726, 729 (Tex. Crim. App. 1983); Brock v.

State, 495 S.W.3d 1, 16 (Tex. App.—Waco 2016, pet. ref’d). A threat to harm

–6–
another by “an unlawful act” will support a conviction for retaliation under the

statute. Meyer v. State, 366 S.W.3d 728, 731 (Tex. App.—Texarkana 2012, no pet.).

To “threaten” can mean: (i) declaring an intention of hurting or punishing someone,

(ii) a menacing indication of something dangerous or evil, (iii) an expression of an

intent to inflict injury, or (iv) a source of danger or harm. Shahzada v. State, No. 05-

17-00391-CR, 2018 WL 6322112, at *4 (Tex. App.—Dallas Dec. 4, 2018, pet. ref’d)

(mem. op., not designated for publication) (citing Olivas v. State, 203 S.W.3d 341,

345 (Tex. Crim. App. 2006)).

However, the statute does not require that the threatened harm be imminent,

that the actor actually intend to carry out his threat, or that he take any affirmative

steps to carry out the threat. Tims v. State, No. 11-17-00109-CR, 2019 WL 1561725,

at *2 (Tex. App.—Eastland Apr. 11, 2019, pet. ref’d) (mem. op., not designated for

publication) (citing Brock, 495 S.W.3d at 16); In re B.M., 1 S.W.3d 204, 207 (Tex.

App.—Tyler 1999, no pet.); Jones v. State, No. 05-05-01633-CR, 2006 WL

3095535, at *5 (Tex. App.—Dallas Nov. 2, 2006, no pet.) (not designated for

publication) (collecting cases). Moreover, a threat occurs “as soon as the actor utters

the threatening words or otherwise initiates the threatening conduct.” Olivas, 203

S.W.3d at 345; Russie v. State, No. 11-12-00162-CR, 2014 WL 2810135, at *2 (Tex.

App.—Eastland June 12, 2014, pet. ref’d) (mem. op., not designated for publication)

(applying Olivas and holding offense was completed at the time the defendant made

the threat).

–7–
“Retaliation is a result oriented offense and the focus is on whether the

conduct is done with an intent to effect the result specified in the statute.” Jones,

2006 WL 3095535, at *5 (first citing In re B.P.H., 83 S.W.3d at 407, and then citing

Herrera v. State, 915 S.W.2d 94, 98 (Tex. App.-San Antonio 1996, no pet.)).

Retaliatory motivation may be shown by circumstantial evidence, and retaliatory

intent may be inferred from an accused’s acts, words, or conduct. Id. As such, “the

accused’s required intent to threaten harm can be proved by circumstantial evidence

consisting of his or her acts, words, and conduct.” Shahzada v. State, No. 05-17-

00391-CR, 2018 WL 6322112, at *4 (Tex. App.—Dallas Dec. 4, 2018, pet. ref’d)

(mem. op., not designated for publication).

ANALYSIS

In a single issue, Neal contends the evidence was insufficient to support the

conviction for obstruction or retaliation under section 36.06. A person commits the

offense of retaliation, as relevant here, if the person intentionally or knowingly

threatens to harm another by an unlawful act “in retaliation for or on account of the

service or status of another as a public servant.” TEX. PENAL CODE § 36.06(a)(1)(A).

Here, the indictment alleged that “on or about the 5th day of May, 2022” in Collin

County, Texas, Neal did

then and there intentionally and knowingly threaten to harm another,
namely Det. Jeffrey Rich, by an unlawful act, namely, filing fraudulent
True Bills of Indictment against Det. Jeffrey Rich, alleging felony
offenses, in retaliation for or on account of the status of Det. Jeffrey
Rich as a public servant, namely, a Plano Police Department Detective;

–8–
On appeal, Neal challenges the sufficiency of the evidence to support the jury’s

finding that Neal’s attempt to file fake indictments constituted intentionally or

knowingly threatening Detective Rich.1 More specifically, he argues there was no

evidence Detective Rich was threatened because the threat was not communicated

to Detective Rich, and Neal did not intend for Detective Rich to know about the

filings. Neal maintains he hoped the act of filing the fake indictments would cause

Detective Rich to be arrested and, as such, he “obviously wanted the Clerk’s Office,

and anyone else, to think they were genuine indictments—not threats.” We reject

these arguments because the evidence showed Neal’s filing of the fake indictments

were threats as defined by the statute, the threats did not need to be direct or

imminent, the threats were complete when Neal filed the fake indictments, and the

jury could rationally infer Neal’s retaliatory intent from his conduct and statements.

Here, the threat was complete upon the filing of the fake indictments.

See Olivas, 203 S.W.3d at 345; see also Russie, 2014 WL 2810135, at *2. Further,

Neal concedes on appeal that the evidence shows he wanted the fake indictments to

appear genuine, and he filed the fake indictments with the intent to cause Detective

Polk to be arrested for felony offenses involving claims against children. The fact

Neal did not send the fake indictments to Detective Polk directly or notify him of

the fake indictments personally does not negate or even contradict the undisputed

1
Neal does not challenge the sufficiency of the evidence to support the findings that filing the fake
indictments was an unlawful act or that they were filed in retaliation for or on account of Detective Rich’s
status as a public servant.
–9–
evidence Neal intended the filings to harm Detective Polk by causing him to be

arrested. Neal admitted as much when he asked officers executing the search

warrant, “Is Jeff Rich going to jail today?”

Moreover, when Detective Rich learned of the fake indictments, he

considered the filings a threat to his reputation, career, and family. Detective Rich

testified it was “absolutely” alarming to see his former home address on the fake

indictment, and he “absolutely” considered the filing of the fake indictments as

threatening:

My whole career has been based upon helping others and doing the
right thing and protecting children. And to have an indictment like that,
even a fake indictment like that would be -- is detrimental to my
reputation and the community of law enforcement.

I travel globally teaching other investigators how to investigate these
types of cases and how to do the best for our children --

MR. MCDANIEL: Objection, narrative.

THE COURT: Overruled. Go ahead, sir.

A. And having something like that that I would have to explain would
be detrimental to me as well. I also teach -- or I'm sorry -- I also testify
in certain technologies as an expert witness across the country. And
having to explain that in front of, you know, either the State or Federal
Court system would be problematic for me as well. Even though easily
explained away as fake, it still causes harm to me.

Further, Neal’s references to Detective Rich’s former home address and prior vehicle

alarmed Detective Rich and seeing his daughter’s sports club listed on the fake

indictment made him feel “pretty concerned for the welfare of my family.”

–10–
Investigator Polk agreed if someone alleged he committed the offenses of sexual

assault of a child, it would be detrimental and harmful to his reputation and career.

Based on this evidence, the jury could have found Neal intentionally or

knowingly threatened to harm another by an unlawful act in retaliation for or on

account of the service or status of another as a public servant, beyond a reasonable

doubt. See TEX. PENAL CODE § 36.06(a)(1)(A); see also Jones, 2006 WL 3095535,

at *6. We overrule Neal’s sole appellate issue.

CONCLUSION

Under this record, we conclude the evidence was legally sufficient to support

the conviction. Accordingly, we overrule Neal’s sole appellate issue and affirm the

trial court’s judgment.

/Robbie Partida-Kipness/
ROBBIE PARTIDA-KIPNESS
JUSTICE
Do Not Publish
TEX. R. APP. P. 47.2(b)

230521F.U05

–11–
S
Court of Appeals
Fifth District of Texas at Dallas
JUDGMENT

ALEX PERRY NEAL, Appellant On Appeal from the 296th Judicial
District Court, Collin County, Texas
No. 05-23-00521-CR V. Trial Court Cause No. 296-82977-
2022.
THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee Opinion delivered by Justice Partida-
Kipness. Justices Pedersen, III and
Carlyle participating.

Based on the Court’s opinion of this date, the judgment of the trial court is
AFFIRMED.

Judgment entered this 9th day of August 2024.

–12–