In the Matter of G.R., Jr., a Juvenile v. the State of Texas

Opinion filed April 30, 2025

In The

Eleventh Court of Appeals
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No. 11-24-00021-CV
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IN THE MATTER OF G.R., JR., A JUVENILE

On Appeal from the County Court at Law
Midland County, Texas
Trial Court Cause No. J07286

MEMORANDUM OPINION
The State filed a petition alleging that Appellant, G.R., Jr., engaged in
delinquent conduct as a juvenile by committing the offenses of murder and
aggravated assault with a deadly weapon. See TEX. FAM. CODE ANN. §§ 53.04,
53.045 (West 2022); see also TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. §§ 19.02(b)(1), (2), 22.02(a)
(West Supp. 2024). Appellant pleaded “true” to the first allegation (the murder
offense). After an adjudication hearing, the juvenile court found this allegation to
be “true” and adjudicated Appellant to have engaged in delinquent conduct as
alleged. Thereafter, at the disposition hearing on the same day, and pursuant to the
parties’ agreement, the juvenile court sentenced and committed Appellant to the
Texas Juvenile Justice Department (TJJD) for a determinate term of ten years, with
the possibility of transfer to the Texas Department of Criminal Justice, Institutional
Division (TDCJ-ID).
On January 25, 2024, before Appellant’s nineteenth birthday, the juvenile
court held a transfer/release hearing to determine whether Appellant should be
transferred to TDCJ-ID to serve the balance of his sentence or released on parole
supervision. See FAM. § 54.11. After considering the evidence presented, the
juvenile court ordered Appellant transferred to TDCJ-ID to serve the remainder of
his ten-year sentence.
In a single issue, Appellant contends that the trial court abused its discretion
when it ordered the transfer of Appellant to TDCJ-ID instead of his release on parole
supervision. We affirm.
I. Factual Background
Alanna Bennett, the TJJD and TDCJ court liaison, described Appellant’s
conduct during his TJJD confinement. Upon his arrival at TJJD in March 2023,
Appellant tested at a “second grade” reading level; however, he made “some
progress” over time and eventually obtained a forklift certification. Despite this,
Bennett testified that multiple incidents and referrals had been reported regarding
Appellant’s behavior during his commitment. According to Bennett, a referral is
issued when a confined youth exhibits assaultive or disruptive behavior, which
necessitates removing the youth from the general population and assigning him to
TJJD’s regulation and safety unit.
Three weeks after his commitment began, Appellant assaulted another inmate
and received a “major rule violation” write-up. Later, to assert “his dominance,” he
threatened to kill another inmate and the inmate’s family. Altogether, between
March 2023 and January 2024, six “incidents” were reported regarding Appellant—

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two for threatening others and disrupting scheduled activities, one for ridiculing
another inmate, and two that resulted in his admission to the regulation and safety
unit.
Bennett testified that Appellant has a variety of behavioral issues—refusing
to follow the instructions of TJJD staff, not using respectful language when
addressing TJJD staff, horseplay, failing to comply with the TJJD dress code,
prolonging routines unnecessarily, being argumentative, and mistreating female
TJJD staff. It was determined that Appellant needed violent offender treatment. He
completed the Capital and Serious Violent Offender Program and the substance
abuse treatment program (which, among other things, is designed to treat anger
issues) but did not complete other rehabilitative programs. This resulted in
Appellant being placed in therapeutic rehabilitation.
Bennett testified that the minimum commitment period for first-degree felony
adjudication offenders who receive a determinate sentence is thirty-six months, and
that, at the time she had completed her report, Appellant had been committed at TJJD
for twenty-two months. See TEX. HUM. RES. CODE ANN. § 245.051(c)(2) (West
2013) (providing a three-year minimum period of confinement for first-degree
felonies). According to Bennett, “just because a youth may not complete their
mandatory minimum stay does not automatically require that TJJD make a
recommendation of transfer to [TDCJ-ID].”
The results of Appellant’s psychiatric evaluation indicate that he, among other
things, has a history for violent behavior, poor coping mechanisms, substance abuse
issues, and anger management concerns. On the other hand, evidence was presented
that Appellant’s behavior gradually improved during his TJJD confinement and that
he was meeting academic expectations.

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When making a recommendation for the transfer or release of a juvenile,
Bennett testified that TJJD evaluates the overall progress of the juvenile—TJJD
considers the seriousness of the adjudicated offense, the juvenile’s progress in
rehabilitation programs, academic progress, and overall behavior during
commitment. The results of a juvenile’s psychological evaluation weighs heavily
because it is an objective assessment of the juvenile, and any recommendations or
areas of risk that are noted in the report are considered. Bennett testified that, with
Appellant, the results of his evaluation noted, in part, that “even though [Appellant]
has learned the skills . . . there [has not] been enough time to really assess whether
he has internalized the skill and is able to display them on a daily basis in order to
control his anger once he gets into the community.”
The Structured Assessment of Violent Risk in Youth (SAVRY) is used to
assess a juvenile’s risk to the community; the assessment covers twenty-four areas
that are evaluated by a mental health professional, and once completed, the juvenile
is assigned an assessment rating—the range being from low to moderate to high.
Appellant’s risk assessment included several areas in the “high” range—a history of
violence and nonviolent offending, poor stress management, poor coping skills,
exposure to domestic violence, and parental and caregiver criminal conduct— and
several areas in the “moderate” range—early initiation of violence, poor academic
achievement, peer delinquency, lack of personal and social support, substance abuse
concerns, and anger management issues.
In articulating TJJD’s recommendation, Bennett expressed concern with
Appellant’s threatening behavior and lack of compliance, and that Appellant
continued to display the same type of behavior that had resulted in his commitment
to TJJD, even though he was subject to monitoring. It was TJJD’s fear that Appellant
may harm others in the community if a transfer to TDCJ-ID was not ordered.

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Therefore, she stated that TJJD’s official recommendation was for the juvenile court
to transfer Appellant to TDCJ-ID to serve the remainder of his sentence.
Alexander De La Rosa is Appellant’s case manager; he was responsible for
monitoring the progress of Appellant’s academic and treatment programs and his
daily behavior. De La Rosa opined that Appellant’s behavior improved during his
commitment. Nadine Rubio, Appellant’s aunt, testified that Appellant could live
with her and her husband if Appellant was released on parole supervision, and that
Appellant had employment opportunities available to him.
II. Standard of Review
We review a juvenile court’s decision to transfer a child from TJJD to TDCJ
for an abuse of discretion. In re D.L., 198 S.W.3d 228, 229 (Tex. App.—San
Antonio 2006, pet. denied); In re J.D.P., 149 S.W.3d 790, 792 (Tex. App.—Fort
Worth 2004, no pet.). In deciding whether the juvenile court abused its discretion,
we review the “entire record” to determine whether the juvenile court acted
arbitrarily or unreasonably—that is, without reference to guiding rules and
principles. In re T.E.G., 222 S.W.3d 677, 679 (Tex. App.—Eastland 2007, no pet.);
D.L., 198 S.W.3d at 229; In re C.D.T., 98 S.W.3d 280, 283 (Tex. App.—Houston
[1st Dist.] 2003, pet. denied). There is no abuse of discretion, and we will uphold
the juvenile court’s decision, if the record contains some evidence to support it. In
re N.K.M., 387 S.W.3d 859, 864 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 2012, no pet.); In re J.J.,
276 S.W.3d 171, 178 (Tex. App.—Austin 2008, pet. denied). Further, there is no
abuse of discretion, and we will not reverse the juvenile court’s decision, simply
because we may have reached a different result if the juvenile court’s decision is
lawful and made pursuant to its discretionary authority. In re R.G., 994 S.W.2d 309,
312 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 1999, pet. denied).

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III. Analysis
A transfer/release hearing is not a trial; rather, it is a “second chance hearing”
that occurs after the juvenile court has sentenced the juvenile to a determinate term
of commitment. D.L., 198 S.W.3d at 230. Before a juvenile who has been sentenced
to a determinant term reaches the age of nineteen, the juvenile court, upon TJJD’s
request, must determine whether the juvenile should be released on parole
supervision or transferred to TDCJ to serve the remainder of his sentence. FAM.
§ 54.11; HUM. RES. § 244.014 (The TJJD may request an order approving the
transfer of the juvenile to TDCJ if the sentence imposed has not been completed and
the juvenile poses a continuing risk to the community’s welfare.). The stringent due
process requirements that are afforded a juvenile in determining the juvenile’s guilt
do not apply at a transfer/release hearing. D.L., 198 S.W.3d at 230.
The guiding principles that govern juvenile transfer and release proceedings
are provided in the Family Code. In these proceedings, in determining whether the
juvenile should be released on parole supervision or transferred to TDCJ for the
completion of his sentence, the juvenile court may consider several factors,
including: (1) the experiences and character of the juvenile before and after his
commitment to TJJD or a post-adjudication correctional facility; (2) the nature of
the offense for which the juvenile was adjudicated and the manner in which the
offense was committed; (3) the abilities of the juvenile to contribute to society;
(4) the protection afforded the victim or any member of the victim’s family; (5) the
recommendations of TJJD, the county juvenile board, the local juvenile probation
department, and the prosecuting attorney; (6) the best interest of the juvenile; and
(7) any other relevant factor(s). FAM. § 54.11(k). The juvenile court need not
consider every factor in making its determination. J.J., 276 S.W.3d at 178; R.G.,
994 S.W.2d at 312. Further, evidence of each statutory factor is not required, and

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the juvenile court may assign different weights to the factors that it does consider.
J.J., 276 S.W.3d at 178; In re C.L., Jr., 874 S.W.2d 880, 886 (Tex. App.—Austin
1994, no writ).
In addition, the juvenile court may consider written reports from probation
officers, court employees, consultants, TJJD employees, appointed guardians ad
litem, employees of a post-adjudication secure correctional facility, and witness
testimony. See FAM. § 54.11(d); In re F.D., 245 S.W.3d 110, 113 (Tex. App.—
Dallas, 2008, no pet.). At the conclusion of the transfer/release hearing, the juvenile
court may (1) order the juvenile returned to TJJD, (2) release the juvenile on parole
supervision or (3) order the juvenile transferred to TDCJ-ID for the completion of
his imposed sentence. See FAM. § 54.11(i), (j).
Appellant argues that, in light of the above factors, the evidence presented at
the transfer/release hearing weighs in favor of his release on parole rather than
transferring him to TDCJ-ID. Thus, according to Appellant, the juvenile court
abused its discretion when it ordered Appellant transferred to TDCJ-ID rather than
releasing him on parole supervision.1 Conversely, the State contends that, although
Appellant presented “some favorable evidence” of his behavior while committed,
this “favorable evidence” was rebutted with evidence of, among other things,
multiple instances of Appellant’s misconduct during the same time frame. As such,
the State asserts that the “entire record” supports the juvenile court’s decision.
Here, the record shows that favorable and unfavorable evidence was presented
to the juvenile court concerning Appellant’s behavior before and during his TJJD
commitment. Because of the parties’ contentions, we will discuss the application of
each statutory factor in turn.

1
Although the juvenile court’s order recites that it considered the seven factors listed in
Section 54.11(k) in making its transfer determination, we cannot ascertain the weight it attributed to each
factor. See FAM. § 54.11(k).

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A. Appellant’s Experiences and Character Before and After Commitment
De La Rosa testified that Appellant’s behavior improved during his TJJD
commitment. Appellant avers that although he was involved in six reported
“incidents” from March 2023 to January 2024, only two incidents were classified as
“major” violations, and another was reported as horseplay. Appellant claims that he
could not be suffering from “volatility and rage” issues, as the State suggests, when,
while committed, he was not involved in any reportable incidents 98% of the time.
Further, Appellant was subject to electronic monitoring pending trial, and he did not
commit any new violent acts during that time.
In response, the State contends that Appellant’s predominate periods of
positive behavior cannot overshadow and do not outweigh his many instances of
assaultive and disruptive behavior during his TJJD commitment, nor does this
indicate that Appellant is “rehabilitated for the most serious of offenses.”
Before his commitment to TJJD, Appellant “endorsed” a lengthy history of
delinquency, which included significant involvement in drugs since an early age,
undocumented offenses of burglary and robbery, and his association with delinquent
peers. Further, Appellant “was introduced to [marihuana]” by an extended family
member at the age of eight, and he began selling drugs when he was fourteen, which
eventually led to the daily use of marihuana, monthly use of Xanax, and
experimentation with cocaine. Because a juvenile is punished when his delinquency
is adjudicated, in making a “second chance” determination under Section 54.11, the
juvenile court may consider the juvenile’s behavior during commitment. D.L., 198
S.W.3d at 230.
After his commitment commenced, Appellant was involved in six reportable
incidents—two of which involved assaultive and threatening conduct, two that
involved disrupting scheduled activities, and two admissions to the regulation and

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safety unit. Appellant also had ongoing issues with, among other things, complying
with instructions from TJJD staff, addressing TJJD staff respectfully, complying
with the TJJD dress code, engaging in horseplay, mistreating female TJJD staff,
ridiculing and abusing other inmates, and being argumentative. Thus, even though,
statistically, Appellant purportedly showed signs of “good behavior” during
approximately 98% of his commitment term, he nevertheless engaged in a pattern of
violent and unacceptable behavior in a controlled environment (TJJD), and
seemingly could not control his aggression. Thus, the juvenile court could have
reasonably concluded, as TJJD’s recommendation to it suggests, that Appellant’s
misconduct outweighed his “favorable behavior” and justified its decision to transfer
Appellant to TDCJ-ID, rather than release him on parole supervision. See N.K.M.,
387 S.W.3d at 860, 865.
B. The Nature and Manner of Appellant’s Adjudicated Offense—Murder
Appellant contends that his psychological report clearly shows that he stabbed
the victim three times only because the victim had threatened Appellant’s family;
therefore, he was acting in defense of his family and did not commit a “premediated”
murder. According to Appellant, because he and the victim were initially bystanders
to a violent encounter that was instigated by their respective family members, and
because he and the victim unfortunately became involved in this “melee,”
Appellant’s conduct is not indicative of a person who seeks revenge or promotes
violence.
However, the violent nature of the offense—stabbing the victim, who was
unarmed, three times—speaks for itself, which, without more, supports and weighs
in favor of the juvenile court’s transfer decision.

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C. Appellant’s Ability to Contribute to Society
During his TJJD commitment, Appellant contends that he completed certain
vocational programs. As such, this shows that he could be a productive member of
society. However, Appellant did not complete his rehabilitative programs, in part,
because he did not have enough time to internalize the necessary treatment that he
received during his twenty-two-month commitment.
Appellant believes that relying on his “family unit” to provide shelter, support,
employment opportunities, security, and positive influence would in turn mold him
into a person who could contribute to society in a meaningful way. To the contrary,
the juvenile court could have reasonably concluded that any influence and guidance
that Appellant’s “family unit” could provide would hinder, rather than advance,
Appellant’s rehabilitation and path to becoming a law-abiding and productive
member of society. The volatile and violent history associated with Appellant’s
“family unit” is not one that can be characterized as positive, and Appellant’s
exposure to the domestic violence, abuse, criminal conduct, gang affiliation, and
drug use to which his “family unit” subscribed, suggests the risk and potential for
subjecting Appellant to the same and only environment that he had known before
his commitment, if he was released on parole supervision—one that is not conducive
to rehabilitation. Moreover, if Appellant was released, the only living arrangement
option presented was offered by Rubio, whose husband has an extensive criminal
history.
D. Protection Afforded to the Victim’s Family
Appellant contends that protecting the victim’s family is unnecessary because
they instigated the altercation that ultimately caused Appellant to stab the victim to
protect his family from further harm. Indeed, a “brewing” conflict between
Appellant’s family and the victim’s family was the catalyst that led to the murder.

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Appellant even conceded that “there have been threats between family members
before and since the [murder.]” Thus, the juvenile court could have reasonably
concluded that these ongoing threats and Appellant’s release would exacerbate this
conflict and jeopardize the safety of the victim’s family.
E. Recommendations for Release v. Transfer
TJJD, the Midland County juvenile probation department, and the State
recommended the transfer and continued commitment of Appellant,
recommendations that the juvenile court may consider in making its transfer/release
determination. See FAM. § 54.11(k). However, Appellant contends that these
recommendations were based solely on speculation.
According to Appellant, he successfully controlled his anger 98% of the time
during his TJJD commitment. TJJD relied on certain findings in Appellant’s
psychological report, which stated that, if Appellant was released to parole
supervision, residing with his father would be too risky because of the father’s past
abusive behavior toward Appellant. Appellant contends that such behavior is “in
the distant past” because he is an adult and thus it is unlikely that his father would
threaten, engage, or abuse him now. Further, Appellant successfully completed
vocational training during his TJJD commitment and allegedly had alternative
placement and employment opportunities available to him if released. Appellant
believes that the juvenile court failed to address these considerations.
In response, the State contends that the juvenile court could have reasonably
concluded that, if released to parole supervision, Appellant’s familial environment
would not be conducive to rehabilitating Appellant, but rather, would hinder it.
Bennett stated several reasons in support of TJJD’s transfer recommendation, in
which the juvenile probation department and the State joined, namely, (1) the
seriousness of Appellant’s adjudicated offense, (2) his pattern of misconduct and

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behavioral issues during commitment, (3) the results of his psychological evaluation,
(4) his “moderate” and “high” SAVRY risk assessment ratings, (5) his failure to
complete rehabilitative programs, (6) his history of violent behavior, (7) his lack of
compliance with TJJD policies and instructions, and (8) TJJD’s concern that
Appellant would be a continuing threat to the community if released. Further,
Appellant was associated with a high-ranking West Texas gang and his immediate
family—his father, his mother, and Rubio’s husband—have extensive criminal
histories.
In this instance, because Appellant’s transfer to TDCJ-ID was the safest and
most reasonable decision under the circumstances, the juvenile court could have
reasonably concluded that this joint recommendation weighed in favor of its decision
to transfer Appellant to TDCJ-ID.
F. Best Interest Determination
Appellant asserts that the contentions he has raised regarding the other
transfer/release factors negate the juvenile court’s determination that it would be in
Appellant’s best interest to be transferred to TDCJ-ID rather than released on parole
supervision. Appellant believes that he could be adequately supervised via
electronic monitoring and could benefit from substance abuse counseling.
However, in addition to his misconduct and other behavioral issues, Appellant
had not completed his mandatory minimum thirty-six-month term of commitment
or the five stages of rehabilitation that is required of juveniles during their
commitment period. Further, Appellant struggled to control his aggressive behavior
while under constant supervision, antagonism remains between his family and the
victim’s family, and no stable living arrangements exist for him if he was released
on parole supervision. Appellant has shown a disregard for authority and a lack of
remorse for his actions. Therefore, the juvenile court could have reasonably

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concluded that, based on the entire record, transferring Appellant to TDCJ-ID, rather
than releasing him on parole supervision, is in Appellant’s best interest.
IV. This Court’s Ruling
As we review the propriety of the juvenile court’s decision, we must consider
the entire record, not only portions in isolation that may be favorable to only one
party. See N.K.M., 387 S.W.3d at 864–65; J.J., 276 S.W.3d at 178; T.E.G., 222
S.W.3d at 679. Although Appellant presented some “favorable evidence” that he
contends justifies his release on parole supervision, the juvenile court could have
reasonably concluded that this evidence was rebutted and outweighed by Appellant’s
assaultive, threatening, and disruptive behavior during his TJJD commitment, his
ongoing behavioral issues and refusal to comply with TJJD staff directives, the
results of his psychological and psychiatric evaluations, his noncompliance with
TJJD rehabilitative programs, the violent nature of his adjudicated offense, his
SAVRY assessment ratings, his and his family’s criminal histories, and the concerns
expressed by TJJD staff. See N.K.M., 387 S.W.3d at 865. The juvenile court may
consider the factors it deems to be appropriate in making its determination—it need
not consider every factor—and in turn assign appropriate weight to each considered
factor. See J.J., 276 S.W.3d at 178; C.L., 874 S.W.2d at 886. Here, the juvenile
court determined, among other things, that Appellant needed further rehabilitation,
and that the welfare of the community required that he complete the remainder of
his sentence at TDCJ-ID.
It was within the juvenile court’s discretion to assign appropriate weight and
credibility to the evidence presented. See N.K.M., 387 S.W.3d at 865; J.J., 276
S.W.3d at 178. In this case, we conclude that, based on the entire record, some
evidence supports the juvenile court’s decision. N.K.M., 387 S.W.3d at 865; J.J.,
276 S.W.3d at 178. Thus, irrespective of the competing narratives and contentions

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advanced by Appellant, we cannot say that the juvenile court abused its discretion
when it ordered that Appellant be transferred to TDCJ-ID to serve the balance of his
imposed determinate sentence.
Accordingly, we overrule Appellant’s sole issue and affirm the order of the
juvenile court.

W. STACY TROTTER
JUSTICE

April 30, 2025
Panel consists of: Bailey, C.J.,
Trotter, J., and Williams, J.

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