In the Estate of Bennie Hansson v. the State of Texas

Court of Appeals
Tenth Appellate District of Texas

10-24-00361-CV

In the Estate of Bennie Hansson

On Permissive Appeal from the
County Court at Law of Coryell County, Texas
Judge John R. Lee, presiding
Trial Court Cause No. 23-10928

JUSTICE HARRIS delivered the opinion of the Court.

OPINION ON PERMISSIVE APPEAL

Appellant Lucille Ann Hansson Zahray filed a Petition for Permissive

Appeal to challenge the trial court’s order granting Appellee Shawn Hansson’s

Motion for Partial Summary Judgment. We deny the petition and dismiss the

appeal for lack of jurisdiction. See TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE §51.04(d)–(h).

Factual and Procedural Background

Bill and Bennie Hansson were married and had two children, Lucille

Ann Hansson Zahray and Shawn Hansson. On December 31, 1964, Bill and

Bennie executed a joint will contained in a single document. The 1964 Will

provided as follows:
SECOND
On the death of the first of us to die, we hereby give, will and
bequeath to the survivor of us, all of our property, real, personal or
mixed, community or separate, in fee simple and without
limitation in any manner.
...

FOURTH
On the death of the survivor of us, we hereby give, will and
bequeath all of our property to our two children, Lucille Ann
Hansson and Shawn Hilding Hansson, share and share alike.

After Bill died in 1987, Bennie probated the 1964 Will. In 2022, Bennie

executed a new will that removed Shawn as a beneficiary and left most of her

estate to Lucille. Bennie died on October 18, 2023, and Lucille filed an

application to probate Bennie’s 2022 Will.

Shawn filed a Will Contest, Declaratory Judgment, and Jury Demand in

response to Lucille’s application to probate the 2022 Will. He then filed a

Partial Motion for Summary Judgment in which he asked the trial court to (1)

declare that the 1964 Will was a contractual will, binding Bennie to the

agreement in that he and Lucille share and share alike all of Bennie’s property,

(2) impose a constructive trust for his benefit for one-half of the property owned

by Bennie at the time of her death, and (3) admit the 2022 Will to probate and

appoint Lucille as the independent executor. 1 Lucille filed a response to

Shawn argues that a contractual will can be revoked by a subsequent will to the extent the subsequent
1

will does not contradict the terms of the contract citing as authority In re Estate of Osborne, 111 S.W.3d

In the Estate of Hansson Page 2
Shawn’s motion in which she countered that the 1964 Will is not contractual

and that the imposition of a constructive trust is not proper.

The trial court granted Shawn’s Motion for Partial Summary Judgment

and declared that the 1964 Will was contractual and binding on Bennie. The

trial court ordered that Shawn is entitled to one-half of Bennie’s estate as set

out in the 1964 Will and imposed a constructive trust on the estate in Shawn’s

favor for one-half of the total estate at the time of Bennie’s death. Lucille filed

a motion to amend the trial court’s order granting Shawn’s Motion for Partial

Summary Judgment and for leave to file a permissive appeal. After a hearing,

the trial court granted Lucille’s motion and entered an amended order allowing

her to seek a permissive appeal of its order on Shawn’s Motion for Partial

Summary Judgment. Lucille then filed her Petition for Permissive Appeal

requesting that this Court grant her petition and set this case for briefing,

argument, and decision.

Discussion

Permissive appeals are allowed under limited circumstances. A trial

court in a civil action may, by written order, permit an appeal from an order

that is not otherwise appealable if:

218, 223 (Tex. App.—Texarkana 2003, pet. dism’d). If the later will seeks to circumvent the terms of
the contractual will, the proper remedy is to impose a constructive trust on the estate in order to
enforce the contract. Id.

In the Estate of Hansson Page 3
(1) the order to be appealed involves a controlling question
of law as to which there is a substantial ground for difference
of opinion; and

(2) an immediate appeal from the order may materially
advance the ultimate termination of the litigation.

TEX. CIV. PRAC & REM. CODE § 51.014(d). An appellate court’s decision to

accept or deny a properly certified permissive appeal is discretionary. See

Sabre Travel Int’l, Ltd. v. Deutsche Lufthansa AG, 567 S.W.3d 725, 731–32

(Tex. 2019); see also TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE § 51.014(f) (providing that

court of appeals “may accept an appeal permitted by [Section 51.014(d)]” if

appealing party files petition showing why immediate appeal is warranted)

(emphasis added). A plurality of the Texas Supreme Court held that

intermediate appellate courts have discretion to reject a permissive appeal

“even when the requirements [of Section 51.014(d)] are met.” Indus.

Specialists, LLC v. Blanchard Refin. Co. LLC, 652 S.W.3d 11, 21 (Tex. 2022)

(plurality op.).

If the trial court grants permission to appeal, then it must state its

permission in an order that “must identify the controlling question of law as to

which there is a substantial ground for difference of opinion and must state

why an immediate appeal may materially advance the ultimate termination of

the litigation.” TEX. R. CIV. P. 168; TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE § 51.014(d).

In compliance with that requirement, the trial court’s order stated that the

In the Estate of Hansson Page 4
“controlling legal question . . . as to which there is a substantial basis for

difference of opinion, is whether the 1964 Will has a certain, definite legal

meaning qualifying as a ‘contractual will’ binding upon Bennie Hansson.” The

order further stated that an immediate appeal of the order would “materially

advance the termination of litigation because the resolution of this controlling

issue will dramatically affect the outcome and recovery in this lawsuit.”

In her Petition for Permissive Appeal, Lucille first argues that whether

the 1964 Will is contractual is a controlling question of law, and Shawn does

not contest that argument. Shawn contends, however, that Lucille cannot

satisfy the requirement to show that there is a substantial ground for

difference of opinion. Lucille suggests that the substantial ground for a

difference of opinion requirement is satisfied when a trial court rules on an

issue “that is pivotal in a case about which there is legitimate disagreement”

citing State v. Ledec, Inc., 366 S.W.3d 305, 309 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth 2012,

no pet.). Ledec involved an agreed interlocutory appeal from the trial court’s

denial of the Appellants’ Motion for Partial Summary Judgment challenging

the Appellee’s expert’s formulation of damages. Id. at 306. The court stated

that the proper measure of damages is a question of law and an appropriate

matter for summary judgment. Id. at 309. The court then determined that the

issue could be addressed in an agreed interlocutory appeal if it is controlling

In the Estate of Hansson Page 5
and there is a substantial ground for difference of opinion. Id. The court did

not hold the substantial ground for a difference of opinion requirement is

satisfied when a trial court rules on an issue that is pivotal in a case about

which there is legitimate disagreement but rather included that language in a

parenthetical following the cite to Gulley v. State Farm Lloyds, 350 S.W.3d 204,

207–08 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 2011, no pet). See id.

In Gulf Coast Asphalt Co. v. Lloyd, the Court explained that

“[s]ubstantial grounds for disagreement exist when the question presented to

the court is novel or difficult, when controlling law is doubtful, when

controlling circuit law is in disagreement with other courts of appeals, and

when there simply is little authority upon which the [trial court] can rely.” 457

S.W.3d 539, 545 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist. 2015, no pet.) (quoting Renee

Forinash McElhaney, Toward Permissive Appeal in Texas, 29 ST. MARY’S L.J.

729, 749 (1998)). Our sister courts have followed the standard set out in Gulf

Coast Asphalt to determine whether substantial grounds for disagreement

exists. See JAJ Equipment, Inc. v. Ramos, No. 04-21-00459-CV, 2021 WL

6127925 at *2 (Tex. App.—San Antonio Dec. 29, 2021, no pet.) (mem. op); Ace

American Insurance Co. v. Guerra, No. 13-16-00628-CV, 2017 WL 929485 at

*1 (Tex. App.—Corpus Christi–Edinburgh Mar. 9, 2017, no pet.) (mem. op);

ADT Sec. Servs., Inc. v. Van Peterson Fine Jewelers, No. 05-15-00646-CV, 2015

In the Estate of Hansson Page 6
WL 4554519, at *2 (Tex. App.—Dallas July 29, 2015, no pet.) (mem. op). Like

our sister courts, we will use the standard set out in Gulf Coast Asphalt to

determine whether substantial grounds for disagreement exist. See 457

S.W.3d at 545.

Lucille maintains that determining whether a will is contractual is an

ongoing source of dispute. Texas courts utilize a two-prong test to determine

whether a joint will is contractual:

(1) The gift to the survivor is not absolute and unconditional,
even though it may initially appear to be so.

(2) The balance remaining from the estate of the first to die
and the estate of the last to die is treated as a single estate
and jointly disposed of by both testators in the secondary
dispositive provisions of the will.

In re Estate of McFatter, 94 S.W.3d 729, 733 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 2002, no

pet.); Reynolds v. Estate of Benefield, 995 S.W.2d 885, 888 (Tex. App.—El Paso

1999, pet. denied); In re Estate of Johnson, 781 S.W.2d 390, 393 (Tex. App.—

Houston [1st Dist.] 1989, writ denied); Jackson v. Stutt, 737 S.W.2d 597, 599

(Tex. App.—Fort Worth 1987, writ denied); Fisher v. Capp, 597 S.W.2d 393,

398 (Tex. Civ. App.—Amarillo 1980, writ ref’d n.r.e.). We disagree that

determining whether a will is contractual is an ongoing dispute. There is no

disagreement about the test to determine whether a will is contractual and

there is substantial authority upon which the trial court can rely. See Gulf

In the Estate of Hansson Page 7
Coast Asphalt, 457 S.W.3d at 545. Therefore, whether the 1964 Will is

contractual does not present an issue with a substantial ground for

disagreement.

Moreover, in In re Estate of Fisher, the Court considered a petition for

permissive appeal after the trial court granted a partial no-evidence summary

judgment. 421 S.W.3d 682, 683 (Tex. App.—Texarkana 2014, no pet). The

Court explained that “Subsection (d) was added to Section 51.014 to promote

judicial efficiency. Id. at 685. Probate proceedings are an exception to the “one

final judgment” rule; in such cases, “multiple judgments final for purposes of

appeal can be rendered on certain discrete issues.” Id. (citing Lehmann v. Har-

Con Corp., 39 S.W.3d 191, 192 (Tex. 2001)). In the absence of a specific statute

providing for the appeal of a probate matter, an order may be appealed if it

disposes of all issues in a phase of the probate proceeding. In re Estate of

Fisher, 421 S.W.3d at 685. The Court stated that judicial economy will not be

served if permissive appeal is allowed at this stage, since an unhappy party is

free to appeal the order which would be expected to result soon from the court’s

summary judgment ruling—an order admitting the will to probate and issuing

letters testamentary. Id. at 686. We agree with the Court’s reasoning that

judicial economy will not be served by granting a permissive appeal at this

stage.

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Conclusion

After reviewing the petition and the record before us, we conclude that

Lucille has not met her burden to show eligibility for permissive appeal.

Therefore, we deny the petition and dismiss this appeal for lack of jurisdiction.

LEE HARRIS
Justice

OPINION DELIVERED and FILED: February 27, 2025

Before Chief Justice Johnson,
Justice Smith, and
Justice Harris
Petition denied
[OT06]

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