McPherson v. Banks

THIS OPINION HAS NO PRECEDENTIAL VALUE. IT SHOULD NOT BE
CITED OR RELIED ON AS PRECEDENT IN ANY PROCEEDING
EXCEPT AS PROVIDED BY RULE 268(d)(2), SCACR.

THE STATE OF SOUTH CAROLINA
In The Court of Appeals

Samuel L. McPherson, as Presiding Elder of the
Abbeville-Greenwood District of the African Methodist
Episcopal (A.M.E.) Church, Appellant-Respondent,

v.

Henry Banks, Mary Robinson, Delois Phillips, Naomi
Mattison, and Frank Mattison, Respondents-Appellants.

Appellate Case No. 2013-002236

Appeal From McCormick County
Frank R. Addy, Jr., Circuit Court Judge

Unpublished Opinion No. 2015-UP-355
Heard June 10, 2015 – Filed July 15, 2015

AFFIRMED

William T. Toal and I.S. Leevy Johnson, both of Johnson
Toal & Battiste, PA, of Columbia, for Appellant-
Respondent.

Marvin R. Watson, of Watson Law Firm, of Greenwood,
for Respondents-Appellants.
PER CURIAM: Samuel L. McPherson, as Presiding Elder of the African
Methodist Episcopal Church for the Abbeville-Greenwood District (the AME
Church), appeals the order of the trial court granting summary judgment to
members of Rockford Church (Rockford), in which the court found the AME
Church failed to prove any ownership interest in personal property held in a bank
account (the Bank Account) and 4.5 acres of real property (the 4.5-acre tract).1
Rockford filed a cross-appeal arguing the trial court erred in determining the AME
Church held an equitable interest in the 13.1 acres of real property (the 13.1-acre
tract) adjacent to the church. We affirm.

1. The trial court did not err in finding the AME Church does not hold any
ownership interest in the 4.5-acre tract.2 We find the Book of Discipline is not
sufficient to create a trust in favor of the AME Church. See S.C. Code Ann. § 62-
7-401(a)(2) (Supp. 2014) ("To be valid, a trust of real property, created by transfer
in trust or by declaration of trust, must be proved by some writing signed by the
party creating the trust."); All Saints Parish Waccamaw v. Protestant Episcopal
Church in Diocese of S.C., 385 S.C. 428, 437, 449, 685 S.E.2d 163, 168, 174
(2009) (finding an express trust provision in a church constitution could not have
created a trust over the local church's property because, without legal title to the
property, a denominational church could not declare the property was held in
trust); id. at 449, 685 S.E.2d at 174 ("It is an axiomatic principle of law that a

1
To the extent the AME Church argues the trial court erred in declining to allow it
to depose several individuals during the pendency of this appeal, we find the AME
Church abandoned this argument on appeal. See Rule 208(b)(1)(B), SCACR
("Ordinarily, no point will be considered which is not set forth in the statement of
the issues on appeal."); Rule 211(b)(2), SCACR (stating a party may correct
typographical errors and misspellings contained in the initial brief but no other
changes may be made to the final brief).
2
We note, as Rockford correctly points out, this court has recently decided two
cases with very similar issues involving the AME Church. See Glover v. Manning,
Op. No. 2014-UP-256 (S.C. Ct. App. filed June 25, 2014) (Glover I); Glover v.
Stevenson, Op. No. 2014-UP-257 (S.C. Ct. App. filed June 25, 2014) (Glover II).
Both Glover I and II concluded the Book of Discipline (the Discipline) alone did
not create an express trust in favor of the AME Church because it was not signed
by the local church and the AME Church presented no signed documents in which
the local church consented to the trust provisions. Additionally, those opinions
held the AME Church did not create a trust over the local church's property
through the Discipline because the AME Church did not hold title to that property.
person or entity must hold title to property in order to declare that it is held in trust
for the benefit of another or transfer legal title to one person for the benefit of
another."). A Special Referee conveyed the 4.5-acre tract to "Trustees for
Rockford [AME] Church" without reference to a trust in favor of the AME Church.
Further, nothing in the chain of title for the 4.5-acre tract suggests Rockford
intended to hold the property in trust for the AME Church. Whether the title to the
4.5-acre tract is held by "Rockford Church" or "Rockford AME Church," the AME
Church presented no signed documentation to indicate Rockford ever intended or
explicitly agreed to hold such property in trust for the AME Church. Moreover,
despite the AME Church's contentions, simply including the designation of "AME"
in Rockford's name does not prove the 4.5-acre tract is held in trust for the AME
Church.

2. The trial court did not err in determining Rockford held legal and equitable title
to the Bank Account. See Baptist Found. for Christian Educ. v. Baptist Coll. at
Charleston, 282 S.C. 53, 58, 317 S.E.2d 453, 457 (Ct. App. 1984) ("A gift is a
voluntary transfer of property by one to another without any consideration or
compensation therefor."); S.C. Code Ann. § 62-7-401(a)(2) ("A transfer in trust of
personal property does not require written evidence, but must be proven by clear
and convincing evidence . . . ."). The record demonstrates the disputed account
included funds donated to repair Rockford's sanctuary. As with the 4.5-acre tract,
whether the funds were deposited into an account entitled "Rockford Church" or
"Rockford AME Church," the funds were gifts to a local church that has
disaffiliated from the national church. The record does not include evidence
demonstrating Rockford intended to use the money for the benefit of the AME
Church. The "AME" title alone does not establish that the AME Church holds an
interest in the Bank Account's funds.

3. The trial court did not err in determining the AME Church holds an equitable
interest in the 13.1-acre tract. When Rockford purchased the tract from Atlantic
Coast Properties, Inc., the deed provided the tract was held in trust for the AME
Church. See Cartee v. Lesley, 290 S.C. 333, 336, 350 S.E.2d 388, 390 (1986) ("A
trustee must exclude all selfish interest in his dealings on behalf of the
beneficiaries."); Johnson v. Thornton, 264 S.C. 252, 259, 214 S.E.2d 124, 128
(1975) ("A trust does not terminate or lapse merely by reason of the misconduct or
violation of the trust by the trustee."). Nothing in the record suggests the AME
Church authorized Rockford to convey the property to itself. Further, no evidence
demonstrates Rockford had authority to revoke the trust or that the AME Church
approved such transfer. Accordingly, we affirm. Because we find the trial court
did not err as to this issue, we decline to reach the parties' arguments regarding
constructive trusts. See Futch v. McAllister Towing of Georgetown, Inc., 335 S.C.
598, 613, 518 S.E.2d 591, 598 (1999) (declining to address other issues the
appellant raised because resolution of a prior issue was dispositive).

AFFIRMED.

THOMAS, GEATHERS, and LOCKEMY, JJ., concur.