Marshall Brian Chandler v. State of Mississippi

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF MISSISSIPPI

NO. 2014-CP-00114-COA

MARSHALL BRIAN CHANDLER A/K/A APPELLANT
MARSHALL CHANDLER A/K/A MARSHALL B.
CHANDLER

v.

STATE OF MISSISSIPPI APPELLEE

DATE OF JUDGMENT: 09/16/2014
TRIAL JUDGE: HON. JOHN HUEY EMFINGER
COURT FROM WHICH APPEALED: MADISON COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT: MARSHALL BRIAN CHANDLER (PRO SE)
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLEE: OFFICE OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL
BY: LISA L. BLOUNT
NATURE OF THE CASE: CIVIL - POST-CONVICTION RELIEF
TRIAL COURT DISPOSITION: MOTION FOR POST-CONVICTION RELIEF
DENIED AND DISMISSED
DISPOSITION: VACATED; JUDGMENT RENDERED
DISMISSING APPELLANT’S MOTION FOR
POST-CONVICTION RELIEF - 02/23/2016
MOTION FOR REHEARING FILED:
MANDATE ISSUED:

BEFORE LEE, C.J., BARNES AND WILSON, JJ.

WILSON, J., FOR THE COURT:

¶1. Marshall Chandler appeals from the judgment of the Madison County Circuit Court

summarily dismissing his motion for post-conviction relief (PCR) on the merits. Because

Chandler’s direct appeal from his conviction was dismissed as untimely, he was required by

law to request and obtain leave from the Mississippi Supreme Court before filing a PCR

motion in the circuit court. Because he failed to do so, the circuit court was correct to

dismiss his PCR motion but should have dismissed for lack of jurisdiction rather than on the
merits. Accordingly, we vacate the judgment of the circuit court and render a judgment

dismissing Chandler’s PCR motion for lack of jurisdiction.

FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY

¶2. In June 2012, a Madison County jury convicted Chandler of kidnapping, aggravated

assault, and conspiracy to commit aggravated assault. Chandler was indicted as a habitual

offender under Mississippi Code Annotated section 99-19-81 (Rev. 2015), but prior to his

sentencing hearing, he reached an agreement with the State under which he agreed to waive

his right to appeal and testify against one of his co-conspirators,1 and in return the State

agreed not to pursue an enhanced sentence under the habitual offender statute. The terms of

the agreement were announced to the circuit judge at Chandler’s sentencing hearing in

August 2012, and the judge questioned Chandler and his attorney on the record to assure that

Chandler understood that he was waiving his right to appeal, that he had discussed the

agreement with his attorney, and that his waiver was knowing and voluntary. The judge then

imposed a sentence of forty-five years to serve with five years of post-release supervision.2

Consistent with Chandler’s agreement with the State, the judge did not sentence Chandler

as a habitual offender.

¶3. In December 2012, Chandler filed a pro se “Motion for New Trial or, in the

1
Prior to Chandler’s sentencing hearing, the co-conspirator pled guilty, so Chandler
did not have to testify against him.
2
For kidnapping, Chandler was sentenced to thirty years in the custody of the
Mississippi Department of Correction (MDOC), with the final five years to be served on
post-release supervision. For aggravated assault, the court imposed a consecutive sentence
of twenty years in MDOC custody. For conspiracy, the court imposed a concurrent sentence
of five years in MDOC custody.

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Alternative, for Judgment Notwithstanding the Verdict” in which he alleged that he was

entitled to a judgment of acquittal or a new trial on at least fifteen distinct grounds. The

circuit judge denied the motion as untimely.3

¶4. Chandler then filed a notice of appeal “from the final judgment entered . . . on

December 11, 2012,” and the denial of his untimely post-trial motion. The State moved to

dismiss Chandler’s appeal as untimely under Rule 4 of the Mississippi Rules of Appellate

Procedure. Chandler, represented by the Office of State Public Defender, Indigent Appeals

Division, responded that the Court should suspend the rules and allow an out-of-time appeal.

This Court granted the State’s motion and dismissed the appeal as untimely. Chandler v.

State, No. 2012-TS-02047-COA (Miss. Ct. App. Mar. 20, 2013). Two months later,

Chandler wrote to the Supreme Court Clerk to inquire whether he could “file some kind of

motion to the Supreme Court to appeal the dismissal [of his case by this Court] before [he]

pursue[d] post-conviction collateral relief.” The Clerk advised that he should file a motion

to reinstate his appeal, which he did. This Court denied Chandler’s motion to reinstate the

appeal, noting that we “previously dismissed the appeal as untimely.” Chandler v. State, No.

2012-TS-02047-COA (Miss. Ct. App. July 17, 2013).

¶5. In September 2013, Chandler filed a PCR motion in the Madison County Circuit Court

asserting thirteen grounds for relief, which he later moved to amend to raise a fourteenth

ground. In September 2014, the circuit judge entered an order addressing Chandler’s claims

3
See McGraw v. State, 688 So. 2d 764, 769 n.1 (Miss. 1997) (citing URCCC 10.05);
Brewer v. State, 176 So. 3d 177, 177 n.1 (Miss. Ct. App. 2015); Wells v. State, 73 So. 3d
1203, 1206 (¶5) (Miss. Ct. App. 2011).

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and summarily dismissing his PCR motion as without merit. See Miss. Code Ann. § 99-39-

19(1) (Rev. 2015). Chandler subsequently filed a timely notice of appeal. In his brief on

appeal, Chandler raises twelve issues. In response, the State argues that the circuit court did

not have jurisdiction to entertain Chandler’s PCR motion because Chandler failed to request

or obtain leave from the Supreme Court before filing the motion.

ANALYSIS

¶6. We agree with the State that the circuit court was without jurisdiction to rule on

Chandler’s PCR motion because he never sought or obtained permission from the Supreme

Court to file the motion in the circuit court. “Where [a prisoner’s] conviction and sentence

have been affirmed on appeal or the appeal has been dismissed,” the prisoner is not

permitted to file a PCR motion “in the trial court until the motion shall have first been

presented to a quorum of the Justices of the Supreme Court of Mississippi, . . . and an order

granted allowing the filing of such motion in the trial court.” Miss. Code Ann. § 99-39-7

(Rev. 2015) (emphasis added). “This procedure is not merely advisory, but jurisdictional.”

Dunaway v. State, 111 So. 3d 117, 118 (¶6) (Miss. Ct. App. 2013) (quoting Campbell v.

State, 75 So. 3d 1160, 1162 (¶7) (Miss. Ct. App. 2011)).

¶7. Furthermore, “[the Supreme] Court has held that the dismissal of an appeal ‘because

it was not perfected in the time and manner required by law’ has ‘the effect of affirming the

appellant’s conviction and sentence.’” Jones v. State, 64 So. 3d 478, 479 (¶3) (Miss. 2011)

(quoting Johnson v. State, 394 So. 2d 319, 320 (Miss. 1981)) (brackets omitted). Jones is

on all fours with the present case. There, as here, the prisoner’s direct appeal was dismissed

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as untimely. See id. at (¶2). The Supreme Court squarely held that such a dismissal of the

prisoner’s direct appeal requires him to request leave from the Supreme Court before he may

file a PCR motion in the circuit court. Id. at 479-80 (¶4). Unless leave is granted, the circuit

court is without jurisdiction and must dismiss the PCR motion. Id. Such a prisoner “is not

without remedy”—he may still pursue PCR, but he must first request and obtain leave from

the Supreme Court. Id. at 480 (¶5) (quoting Johnson, 394 So. 2d at 320).

¶8. Chandler argues that Jones is distinguishable because he did not appeal his conviction

and sentence but only the denial of his post-trial motion. This argument is unavailing.

Chandler’s motion for a judgment notwithstanding the verdict (JNOV) or a new trial sought

to set aside his conviction and sentence. His appeal from the denial of his motion sought the

same. In a criminal case, there is no appeal from the denial of a JNOV/new trial motion

separate and apart from an appeal of the defendant’s conviction and sentence. An appeal

from the former necessarily brings up for appellate review the underlying judgment. See

M.R.A.P. 4(e).

CONCLUSION

¶9. The circuit court should have dismissed the case for lack of jurisdiction rather than

addressing Chandler’s claims on the merits. We therefore vacate the judgment of the circuit

court and render a judgment dismissing Chandler’s PCR motion for failure to obtain leave

to file in the circuit court. Jones, 64 So. 3d at 480 (¶6).

¶10. THE JUDGMENT OF THE CIRCUIT COURT OF MADISON COUNTY IS
VACATED, AND A JUDGMENT IS RENDERED DISMISSING THE MOTION FOR
POST-CONVICTION RELIEF. ALL COSTS OF THIS APPEAL ARE ASSESSED
TO MADISON COUNTY.

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LEE, C.J., IRVING AND GRIFFIS, P.JJ., BARNES, ISHEE, CARLTON, FAIR
AND JAMES, JJ., CONCUR. GREENLEE, J., NOT PARTICIPATING.

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