In the Interest of G.T., Minor Child

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA

No. 22-0852
Filed September 21, 2022

IN THE INTEREST OF G.T.,
Minor Child,

I.B., Father,
Appellant.
________________________________________________________________

Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Ida County, Mark C. Cord III,

District Associate Judge.

A father appeals the termination of his parental rights. AFFIRMED.

Harold K. Widdison, Sioux City, for appellant father.

Thomas J. Miller, Attorney General, and Mary A. Triick, Assistant Attorney

General, for appellee State.

Lesley D. Rynell of Juvenile Law Center, Sioux City, attorney and guardian

ad litem for minor child.

Considered by Ahlers, P.J., and Badding and Chicchelly, JJ.
2

BADDING, Judge.

An incarcerated father who has never met his seven-year-old child appeals

the termination of his parental rights under Iowa Code section 232.116(1)(b), (e),

and (f) (2021).1 We review his claims de novo. In re L.B., 970 N.W.2d 311, 313

(Iowa 2022).

The father first challenges the sufficiency of the evidence supporting each

of the statutory grounds for termination. We choose to focus on

section 232.116(1)(f). See In re D.W., 791 N.W.2d 703, 707 (Iowa 2010) (“On

appeal, we may affirm the juvenile court’s termination order on any ground that we

find supported by clear and convincing evidence.”). The father does not specify

which element of this ground he is disputing, arguing instead that the State failed

to show reasonable efforts at reunification. This argument implicates the last

element of subparagraph (f)—whether the child could be returned to his custody

at the time of the termination hearing. See Iowa Code § 232.116(1)(f)(4); D.W.,

791 N.W.2d at 707. “The State must show reasonable efforts as a part of its

ultimate proof the child cannot be safely returned to the care of a parent.” In re

C.B., 611 N.W.2d 489, 493 (Iowa 2000).

“The services required to be supplied an incarcerated parent, as with any

other parent, are only those that are reasonable under the circumstances.” In re

S.J., 620 N.W.2d 522, 525 (Iowa Ct. App. 2000). The father concentrates on

contact with his child, contending “[r]easonable efforts include a visitation

1The mother, who was also incarcerated, consented to the termination of her
parental rights to this child and his younger sibling by a different father. She does
not appeal.
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arrangement designed to facilitate reunification,” which he was not afforded. But

“[w]hether visitation for an incarcerated parent should be ordered as a reasonable

effort toward reunification when timely raised by the parent” depends on the

circumstances of each case. In re L.M., 904 N.W.2d 835, 840 n.9 (Iowa 2017).

The circumstances here fit the contact the Iowa Department of Human Services

eventually facilitated.

When the child was removed in April 2020, he was in the guardianship of

the father of his younger sibling.2 Having never met his biological father, the child

viewed the guardian as his father. See S.J., 620 N.W.2d at 525 (considering the

child’s bond with the incarcerated parent in determining what services are

reasonable). After some initial confusion about the guardian’s status in relation to

the child, the department located the father and served him with notice of the

proceeding while he was in jail in December 2020. From jail, the father went to

prison on a parole revocation with an expected discharge date of October 2022.

See id. (stating the length of the parent’s sentence is a factor in the services to be

provided). The department did not have contact with the father until he appeared

for an April 2021 permanency hearing by telephone.

After that hearing, a caseworker for the department told the father she would

talk to the child’s foster mother about “getting [the child] involved in therapy

services to be of some support and offer additional guidance on how best to begin

your connection.” In the meantime, the caseworker encouraged the father to “write

2 That guardianship came about as the result of an earlier child-in-need-of-
assistance case in a different county. The father was aware of that case and
consented to the guardianship because he was incarcerated, as he has been for
much of the child’s life.
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letters to [the child] to begin the connection process.” The father agreed with that

plan but only mailed the child one letter. See C.B., 611 N.W.2d at 494 (examining

the parent’s response to the services provided). Phone calls started in

February 2022, after the child was in therapy for a few months, and continued

weekly until the termination hearing in March. While the child was initially open to

the calls, he became resistant after the first one, when the father said he loved

him. In an “All About Me” paper filled out by the child, he worried the father would

take him away from his foster mother and younger brother. Given these

circumstances, we find the efforts made by the department were reasonable. See

In re M.B., 553 N.W.2d 343, 345 (Iowa Ct. App. 1996) (“[T]he nature and extent of

visitation is always controlled by the best interests of the child.”).

Six more months would not have eliminated the need for removal, as the

father next argues, considering he would not be released from prison until after

that time expired. See Iowa Code §§ 232.117(5), .104(2)(b). Even then, like the

mother candidly testified,

[O]bviously—well, we’re in prison. Even if . . . me or [the child’s
father] was able to get out today, it would still take us—you know, we
would have—it’s a process, you know. We would have to get stable,
get a job, get a place, get him in school, you know what I mean. And
it’s just—yes. It is in his best interest . . . because we’re not there.
We can’t be there, you know, by our choices, being in here.

We agree. See In re M.M., No. 15-0214, 2015 WL 1332330, at *2 (Iowa Ct. App.

Mar. 25, 2015) (“Children should not be forced to wait for their parent to be able to

care for them, particularly when we have so little evidence to rely upon to believe

the circumstances will be different in six months.”). This child identifies his family

as his foster mother and younger brother. See Iowa Code § 232.116(2)(b). He is
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thriving in that adoptive placement, where he deserves to stay. See In re C.S., 776

N.W.2d 297, 300 (Iowa Ct. App. 2009) (“[A]t some point, the rights and needs of

the children rise above the rights and needs of the parent.”).

The father lastly claims the attorneys appointed to represent him were

ineffective. See In re S.D.B., No. 08-1334, 2008 WL 4725439, at *2 (Iowa Ct. App.

Oct. 29, 2018) (“Because a parent has a statutory right to counsel in a termination

proceeding, the parent is entitled to effective assistance.” (citing In re D.W., 385

N.W.2d 570, 579–80 (Iowa 1986)). But the father has shown no prejudice from

the errors he claims the attorneys made. See In re A.R.S., 480 N.W.2d 888, 891

(Iowa 1992) (“In order to establish an ineffective assistance claim, it must be shown

that (1) counsel’s performance is deficient, and (2) actual prejudice resulted.”); see

also In re T.P., 757 N.W.2d 267, 275 (Iowa Ct. App. 2008) (stating that, to show

prejudice, a parent needs to prove that but for counsel’s alleged failures, “the result

of the termination of parental rights proceedings would likely have been different”).

The father filed the motions that he says his attorneys should have filed, and they

were considered by the juvenile court. What’s more, aside from the reasonable-

efforts argument rejected above, the father did not challenge any of the elements

of section 232.116(1)(f). See T.P., 757 N.W.2d at 275. As a result, we find the

father’s ineffective-assistance claim fails.

Having considered and rejected all of the father’s claims on appeal, we

affirm the termination of his parental rights.

AFFIRMED.