State v. Patoc

NOT FOR PUBLICATION IN WEST'S HAWAI‘I REPORTS AND PACIFIC REPORTER

Electronically Filed
Intermediate Court of Appeals
CAAP-XX-XXXXXXX
09-DEC-2025
07:49 AM
Dkt. 99 SO

NO. CAAP-XX-XXXXXXX

IN THE INTERMEDIATE COURT OF APPEALS

OF THE STATE OF HAWAI‘I

STATE OF HAWAI‘I, Plaintiff-Appellee,
v.
HOKUOKALANI PATOC, Defendant-Appellant

APPEAL FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF THE FIRST CIRCUIT
(CASE NO. 1CPC-XX-XXXXXXX)

SUMMARY DISPOSITION ORDER
(By: Leonard, Presiding Judge, McCullen and Guidry, JJ.)

Defendant-Appellant Hokuokalani Patoc (Patoc) appeals

from the Circuit Court of the First Circuit's (circuit court)

"Judgment of Conviction and Sentence" (Judgment) filed on

September 27, 2024. 1

On February 22, 2023, the State of Hawaiʻi (State)

filed a three-count indictment (Indictment) against Patoc. 2 A

1 The Honorable Paul B.K. Wong presided.

2 The Indictment charged Patoc with: (1) attempted murder in the
first degree, in violation of Hawaii Revised Statutes (HRS) §§ 705-500 (2014)
and 707-701(1)(b) (2014); (2) unauthorized control of propelled vehicle in
the first degree, in violation of HRS § 708-836 (2014); and (3) resisting an
(continued . . .)
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jury found Patoc guilty of the included offense of assault in

the first degree in violation of HRS § 707-710 (2014), and

guilty as charged of unauthorized control of a propelled vehicle

in the first degree and resisting an order to stop a motor

vehicle in the second degree. The circuit court sentenced Patoc

to consecutive ten-year and five-year indeterminate terms of

imprisonment, and to a one-year term of imprisonment to be

served concurrently with Patoc's other sentences.

On appeal, Patoc raises two points of error,

contending that the circuit court erred when it: (1) "denied

Patoc's Motion to Dismiss for Violation of Hawai[ʻ]i Rules of

Penal Procedure [(HRPP)] Rule 48 and Speedy Trial [(Motion to

Dismiss)]"; and (2) "sentenced Patoc without a [p]re-sentence

diagnosis and report as required by [HRS §] 706-601 [(2014)]."

Upon careful review of the record, briefs, and

relevant legal authorities, and having given due consideration

to the arguments advanced and the issues raised by the parties,

we resolve Patoc's points of error as follows:

(1) Patoc contends the circuit court erred in denying

his Motion to Dismiss because, as of the filing of the Motion to

Dismiss on December 21, 2023, "more than 180 days had elapsed

2(. . . continued)
order to stop a motor vehicle in the second degree, in violation of HRS
§ 710-1027 (2014).
2
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since Patoc's arrest." 3 Patoc specifically challenges the

circuit court's exclusion of the period between July 24, 2023,

and December 25, 2023 from the HRPP Rule 48 calculation.

We review the circuit court's decision on an HRPP

Rule 48 motion to dismiss under both the clearly erroneous and

right/wrong standards. State v. Hernane, 145 Hawaiʻi 444, 449,

454 P.3d 385, 390 (2019).

A [circuit] court's findings of fact (FOFs) in deciding an
HRPP [Rule] 48(b) motion to dismiss are subject to the
clearly erroneous standard of review. An FOF is clearly
erroneous when, despite evidence to support the finding,
the appellate court is left with the definite and firm
conviction that a mistake has been committed. However,
whether those facts fall within HRPP [Rule] 48(b)'s
exclusionary provisions is a question of law, the

3 Patoc also challenges the following conclusions of law:

14. The issue here is the 155 day time period between
July 24, 2023, and December 25, 2023, for the court's
suspension of this [proceeding] to determine [Patoc's]
fitness to proceed.

15. The court finds it to be poor judicial management of
resources to have [Patoc] proceed to trial in one case
while pending fitness determination in another case. If
that were to be the case [Patoc] can effectively undermine
the trial for which he is ready and going to trial by later
claiming that he was unfit to proceed, allowing him two
bites of the apple.

16. To preclude the mismanagement and poor judicial
efficiency the court finds that the 155 day time period
July 25, 2023, to December 25, 2023 is excluded for Rule 48
and speedy trial purposes pursuant to HRPP Rule 48(c)(8),
that there is in fact good cause for the suspension of
proceedings.

17. The court finds that 324 days have elapsed from
[Patoc's] arrest and bail set to current trial setting of
January 8, 2024, and that of the 324 days the previous
findings and conclusions allow the exclusion[] of 226 days.

18. The court finds no violation of HRPP Rule 48.

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determination of which is freely reviewable pursuant to the
right/wrong test.

Id. (cleaned up).

HRPP Rule 48(b)(1) provides, in relevant part, that

"the court shall, on motion of the defendant, dismiss the charge

. . . if trial is not commenced within [six] months . . . from

the date of arrest if bail is set." The parties agree that

February 16, 2023, the date of Patoc's arrest, is the start date

for HRPP Rule 48 purposes.

In calculating the time within which trial must

commence, HRPP Rule 48(c) expressly excludes, inter alia, the

following periods:

(c) Excluded periods. The following periods shall be
excluded in computing the time for trial commencement:

(1) periods that delay the commencement of trial and
are caused by collateral or other proceedings concerning
the defendant, including but not limited to penal
irresponsibility examinations and periods during which the
defendant is incompetent to stand trial, pretrial motions,
interlocutory appeals and trials of other charges[.]

(Emphasis added.)

The record reflects that the circuit court suspended

the proceedings, from July 24, 2023 through December 25, 2023,

during the time that Patoc was complying with its order for

Patoc to undergo a HRS § 704-404 mental health examination.

Patoc contends the circuit court erred by excluding this period

from the HRPP Rule 48 calculation because "[n]either the State

[n]or Patoc requested a mental health examination . . . [, and

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t]here was no incident referenced by the State or Patoc in this

case which necessitated [the court's sua sponte order]."

HRS § 704-404 (2014) provides that "[w]henever . . .

there is reason to doubt the defendant's fitness to proceed,

. . . the court may immediately suspend all further proceedings

in the prosecution" and order the defendant to undergo an

examination. "The court's reason may come from [its] own

observations, known facts, evidence presented, motions,

affidavits, or any other reasonable or credible sources." State

v. Harter, 134 Hawaiʻi 308, 331, 340 P.3d 440, 463 (2014)

(cleaned up).

In its motion to set a firm trial date and for

determination of HRPP Rule 48, the State informed the circuit

court that Patoc had been ordered, in June 2023, to undergo an

HRS § 704-404 fitness examination in case no. 1CPC-XX-XXXXXXX. 4

The circuit court took judicial notice of the records and

proceedings in case no. 1CPC-XX-XXXXXXX, and sua sponte ordered

a fitness and penal responsibility determination for Patoc.

In light of the above-described proceedings in 1CPC-

XX-XXXXXXX the circuit court appropriately exercised its

4 Patoc was charged in case no. 1CPC-XX-XXXXXXX with an unrelated
criminal offense. Pursuant to Hawaii Rules of Evidence Rule 201, this court
takes judicial notice of the records and proceedings in circuit court case
no. 1CPC-XX-XXXXXXX. Patoc's defense counsel in 1CPC-XX-XXXXXXX moved for an
HRS § 704-404 examination on June 26, 2023, and the court in 1CPC-XX-XXXXXXX
granted the motion on June 27, 2023.

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discretion to sua sponte suspend the underlying proceedings,

from July 24, 2023 to December 25, 2023, for the purpose of

determining Patoc's fitness to proceed. See id. at 330, 340

P.3d at 462 ("[W]hen a trial court finds that there is . . .

reason to believe that the defendant's mental or physical state

will become an issue in the case, the court is required to

suspend the proceedings and order an examination.") (emphasis

added) (cleaned up). We conclude that the circuit court did not

err in excluding this period from the HRPP Rule 48 calculation.

See HRPP Rule 48(c)(1) (authorizing the exclusion of "periods

that delay the commencement of trial and are caused by

collateral or other proceedings concerning the defendant,

including but not limited to penal irresponsibility examinations

and periods during which the defendant is incompetent to stand

trial" when computing the time for trial commencement). The

circuit court therefore did not err in denying Patoc's Motion to

Dismiss.

(2) Patoc contends the circuit court erred when it

sentenced Patoc without preparing a pre-sentence report and when

the circuit court did not conduct a colloquy with Patoc to

determine whether Patoc "intentionally, knowingly[,] and

voluntarily waived his right to the preparation of a pre-

sentence report." We review sentencing decisions for abuse of

discretion. State v. Hussein, 122 Hawaiʻi 495, 503, 229 P.3d
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313, 321 (2010). "[T]o constitute an abuse it must appear that

the court clearly exceeded the bounds of reason or disregarded

rules or principles of law or practice to the substantial

detriment of a party litigant." Id. (citation omitted).

HRS § 706-601(1) (2014) states that "the court shall

order a pre-sentence correctional diagnosis of the defendant

. . . where: . . . [t]he defendant has been convicted of a

felony." (Emphasis added.) Patoc was convicted of two felony

offenses: assault in the first degree and unauthorized control

of a propelled vehicle in the first degree. See HRS §§ 707-

710(2) (2014), 708-836(5) (2014). 5

HRS § 706-601(3) (Supp. 2016) states, however, that

the pre-sentence report requirement can be waived if certain

circumstances are met.

With the consent of the court, the requirement of a pre-
sentence diagnosis may be waived by agreement of both the
defendant and the prosecuting attorney; provided that in
felony cases, the prosecuting attorney shall inform, or
make reasonable efforts to inform, the victim or the
victim's surviving immediate family members of their rights
to be present at the sentencing hearing and to provide
information relating to the impact of the crime, including
any requested restitution.

(Emphasis added.)

"A waiver is the knowing, intelligent, and voluntary

relinquishment of a known right." State v. Friedman, 93 Hawaiʻi

5 Resisting an order to stop a motor vehicle in the second degree
is a misdemeanor. HRS § 710-1027(2) (2014).

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63, 68, 996 P.2d 268, 273 (2000) (citation omitted). We look at

"the totality of [the] facts and circumstances" of this case to

determine whether Patoc waived his right to a pre-sentence

report. Id. (citations omitted).

The record reflects that the circuit court ordered the

preparation of a pre-sentence report. The court-ordered report

could not be completed, however, because Patoc refused, multiple

times, to be interviewed by the probation officer. 6 At the

May 3, 2024 sentencing hearing, the circuit court explained the

purpose of a pre-sentence report to Patoc, and Patoc stated

several times that he did not want a pre-sentence report

prepared. The circuit court granted defense counsel's request

for a continuance of the sentencing hearing over the State's

objection.

At the June 21, 2024 continued sentencing hearing,

defense counsel informed the circuit court that Patoc had

"questions as to how the [pre-sentence] report was not done,"

and "that [Patoc] recognize[d] that he has a right to do it."

The circuit court engaged in the following colloquy with Patoc:

THE COURT: Do you understand what this pre-sentence
report i[s]?

[PATOC]: It is [sic] basically brings up my
history and stuff like that about me, right?

6 In an April 2, 2024 letter to the circuit court, the probation
officer stated that Patoc "failed to avail himself for presentence
investigation." The probation officer made three attempts to meet with Patoc
to complete the interview, but Patoc declined each time.
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THE COURT: It does.

[PATOC]: Right.

THE COURT: And it's not just your history, right?
It is a fairly comprehensive report. It talks about your
family background, your parents, whether or not you
yourself have any children, your significant relationships.
It also talks about your work history. It is fairly
detailed about that. It talks about any criminal history
that you might have. And if there is any juvenile records.
And I don't know if there is or not. But if there is any
juvenile records, they try to find that as well.

Then they will inquire about your physical condition,
whether or not you have any physical disabilities or
injuries of significance, like surgeries. And they even
look into whether or not there is any mental health issues
and mental health treatment. So is [sic] a fairly
comprehensive report. And it also allows for people to
write in on your behalf. They are called letters of
reference or letters of support. They normally get sent
into the probation office. And all of that is put together
in the report.

There was a 704 examination that was sought in your
case, right?

[PATOC]: Correct.

THE COURT: At one point. If any of those reports by
those examiners were completed, that would also get
attached to the report as well. So pretty -- like I said -
- pretty extensive report. You follow me so far?

[PATOC]: Yeah.

THE COURT: I normally recommend defendants to
participate and have that report done. Because, number 1,
if they are sentenced to probation it assists the probation
officer in supervision. If a defendant is sentenced to
prison, then the parole board really wants to see that
report to determine what kind of minimum is going to be set
for that particular person. And it generally helps a
defendant in both of those circumstances. Follow me so
far?

[PATOC]: Yes.

THE COURT: Do you have any questions about that so
far?

[PATOC]: So far, no.

THE COURT: Okay. And the Court, as [defense
counsel] indicated, needs to order it unless you really say
you don't want it and [the prosecutor] says he doesn't
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really want it as well. If both sides waive the report,
then we can proceed to sentencing without. But if one side
wants it and one side doesn't, I still got to order it. Do
you have any questions about that?

[PATOC]: No.

The circuit court then asked Patoc whether he wanted

the pre-sentence report done. Patoc stated, "I was hoping that

[the pre-sentence report] was already done to be honest with

you." Patoc expressed reluctance to continue the sentencing

hearing to allow time for preparation of a pre-sentence report,

given that, "to postpone again, for something [he] feel[s]

should have already been done . . . [was] not sitting well with

[him]." When informed that the continued hearing would be on

September 27, 2024, Patoc said, "I would definitely want that

report, but at the same time, I just want to move on already

with this whole process." Given Patoc's apparent uncertainty as

to whether the pre-sentence report was worth a continuance, the

circuit court continued sentencing so that Patoc could discuss

the matter with his defense counsel.

At the September 27, 2024 continued sentencing

hearing, the circuit court noted on the record Patoc's continued

refusal to participate in the pre-sentencing report process, and

engaged in the following colloquy with Patoc:

THE COURT: Well, here is your choice. And we are
back to square 1 again, Mr. Patoc.

[PATOC]: Right.

THE COURT: If you want to participate in the
investigation with the probation officer to create a
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complete pre-sentence report, I will give you the time to
do so. You have indicated that you didn't want to do that
in the past.

[PATOC]: Right.

THE COURT: And if you don't, I will respect those
wishes as well, and we can proceed to sentencing today.

[PATOC]: Yeah, I definitely would like to proceed
today.

THE COURT: Today?

[PATOC]: Yeah.

THE COURT: So, again, you understand that whatever
records we have now, if you were sentenced to prison, that
is what the [Paroling] Authority is going to have. They
don't have the benefit of the pre-sentence report.
Normally they want to see that. We talked about this
before, right?

[PATOC]: Right. Right.

THE COURT: So I want to make sure that if we proceed
with sentencing you understand there is no [pre-sentence
report] for the [Paroling] Authority. They normally rely
on the [pre-sentence report] whenever they submit and make
recommendations for minimum terms.

And, again -- and I don't know for sure, your lawyer
can confirm this. But it is my general belief that when
detainees go before the [Paroling] Authority, it is more
beneficial for them to have a [pre-sentence report] than
not.

When asked if he wanted to proceed with sentencing,

Patoc stated, "I definitely would like to continue to proceed in

the sentencing." Patoc twice more represented during the

circuit court's colloquy that he would like to proceed with

sentencing.

We conclude, on this record, that the circuit court

did not err in determining that the parties had waived the

required pre-sentence report pursuant to HRS § 706-601(3).

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Patoc intelligently, knowingly, and voluntarily waived his right

to a pre-sentence report. The prosecutor also represented on

the record of the June 21, 2024 continued sentencing hearing

that the "State is ready to proceed," and "the State believes

that the [c]ourt and counsel have all that they need with

respect to documents." The circuit court therefore did not

abuse its discretion in imposing a sentence without a pre-

sentence report.

For the foregoing reasons, we affirm the Judgment.

DATED: Honolulu, Hawaiʻi, December 9, 2025.

On the briefs: /s/ Katherine G. Leonard
Presiding Judge
Keith S. Shigetomi,
for Defendant-Appellant. /s/ Sonja M.P. McCullen
Associate Judge
Stephen K. Tsushima,
Deputy Prosecuting Attorney, /s/ Kimberly T. Guidry
City and County of Honolulu, Associate Judge
for Plaintiff-Appellee.

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Electronically Filed
Intermediate Court of Appeals
CAAP-XX-XXXXXXX
09-DEC-2025
07:49 AM
Dkt. 99 SO

NO. CAAP-XX-XXXXXXX

IN THE INTERMEDIATE COURT OF APPEALS

OF THE STATE OF HAWAI‘I

STATE OF HAWAI‘I, Plaintiff-Appellee,
v.
HOKUOKALANI PATOC, Defendant-Appellant

APPEAL FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF THE FIRST CIRCUIT
(CASE NO. 1CPC-XX-XXXXXXX)

SUMMARY DISPOSITION ORDER
(By: Leonard, Presiding Judge, McCullen and Guidry, JJ.)

Defendant-Appellant Hokuokalani Patoc (Patoc) appeals

from the Circuit Court of the First Circuit's (circuit court)

"Judgment of Conviction and Sentence" (Judgment) filed on

September 27, 2024. 1

On February 22, 2023, the State of Hawaiʻi (State)

filed a three-count indictment (Indictment) against Patoc. 2 A

1 The Honorable Paul B.K. Wong presided.

2 The Indictment charged Patoc with: (1) attempted murder in the
first degree, in violation of Hawaii Revised Statutes (HRS) §§ 705-500 (2014)
and 707-701(1)(b) (2014); (2) unauthorized control of propelled vehicle in
the first degree, in violation of HRS § 708-836 (2014); and (3) resisting an
(continued . . .)
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jury found Patoc guilty of the included offense of assault in

the first degree in violation of HRS § 707-710 (2014), and

guilty as charged of unauthorized control of a propelled vehicle

in the first degree and resisting an order to stop a motor

vehicle in the second degree. The circuit court sentenced Patoc

to consecutive ten-year and five-year indeterminate terms of

imprisonment, and to a one-year term of imprisonment to be

served concurrently with Patoc's other sentences.

On appeal, Patoc raises two points of error,

contending that the circuit court erred when it: (1) "denied

Patoc's Motion to Dismiss for Violation of Hawai[ʻ]i Rules of

Penal Procedure [(HRPP)] Rule 48 and Speedy Trial [(Motion to

Dismiss)]"; and (2) "sentenced Patoc without a [p]re-sentence

diagnosis and report as required by [HRS §] 706-601 [(2014)]."

Upon careful review of the record, briefs, and

relevant legal authorities, and having given due consideration

to the arguments advanced and the issues raised by the parties,

we resolve Patoc's points of error as follows:

(1) Patoc contends the circuit court erred in denying

his Motion to Dismiss because, as of the filing of the Motion to

Dismiss on December 21, 2023, "more than 180 days had elapsed

2(. . . continued)
order to stop a motor vehicle in the second degree, in violation of HRS
§ 710-1027 (2014).
2
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since Patoc's arrest." 3 Patoc specifically challenges the

circuit court's exclusion of the period between July 24, 2023,

and December 25, 2023 from the HRPP Rule 48 calculation.

We review the circuit court's decision on an HRPP

Rule 48 motion to dismiss under both the clearly erroneous and

right/wrong standards. State v. Hernane, 145 Hawaiʻi 444, 449,

454 P.3d 385, 390 (2019).

A [circuit] court's findings of fact (FOFs) in deciding an
HRPP [Rule] 48(b) motion to dismiss are subject to the
clearly erroneous standard of review. An FOF is clearly
erroneous when, despite evidence to support the finding,
the appellate court is left with the definite and firm
conviction that a mistake has been committed. However,
whether those facts fall within HRPP [Rule] 48(b)'s
exclusionary provisions is a question of law, the

3 Patoc also challenges the following conclusions of law:

14. The issue here is the 155 day time period between
July 24, 2023, and December 25, 2023, for the court's
suspension of this [proceeding] to determine [Patoc's]
fitness to proceed.

15. The court finds it to be poor judicial management of
resources to have [Patoc] proceed to trial in one case
while pending fitness determination in another case. If
that were to be the case [Patoc] can effectively undermine
the trial for which he is ready and going to trial by later
claiming that he was unfit to proceed, allowing him two
bites of the apple.

16. To preclude the mismanagement and poor judicial
efficiency the court finds that the 155 day time period
July 25, 2023, to December 25, 2023 is excluded for Rule 48
and speedy trial purposes pursuant to HRPP Rule 48(c)(8),
that there is in fact good cause for the suspension of
proceedings.

17. The court finds that 324 days have elapsed from
[Patoc's] arrest and bail set to current trial setting of
January 8, 2024, and that of the 324 days the previous
findings and conclusions allow the exclusion[] of 226 days.

18. The court finds no violation of HRPP Rule 48.

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determination of which is freely reviewable pursuant to the
right/wrong test.

Id. (cleaned up).

HRPP Rule 48(b)(1) provides, in relevant part, that

"the court shall, on motion of the defendant, dismiss the charge

. . . if trial is not commenced within [six] months . . . from

the date of arrest if bail is set." The parties agree that

February 16, 2023, the date of Patoc's arrest, is the start date

for HRPP Rule 48 purposes.

In calculating the time within which trial must

commence, HRPP Rule 48(c) expressly excludes, inter alia, the

following periods:

(c) Excluded periods. The following periods shall be
excluded in computing the time for trial commencement:

(1) periods that delay the commencement of trial and
are caused by collateral or other proceedings concerning
the defendant, including but not limited to penal
irresponsibility examinations and periods during which the
defendant is incompetent to stand trial, pretrial motions,
interlocutory appeals and trials of other charges[.]

(Emphasis added.)

The record reflects that the circuit court suspended

the proceedings, from July 24, 2023 through December 25, 2023,

during the time that Patoc was complying with its order for

Patoc to undergo a HRS § 704-404 mental health examination.

Patoc contends the circuit court erred by excluding this period

from the HRPP Rule 48 calculation because "[n]either the State

[n]or Patoc requested a mental health examination . . . [, and

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t]here was no incident referenced by the State or Patoc in this

case which necessitated [the court's sua sponte order]."

HRS § 704-404 (2014) provides that "[w]henever . . .

there is reason to doubt the defendant's fitness to proceed,

. . . the court may immediately suspend all further proceedings

in the prosecution" and order the defendant to undergo an

examination. "The court's reason may come from [its] own

observations, known facts, evidence presented, motions,

affidavits, or any other reasonable or credible sources." State

v. Harter, 134 Hawaiʻi 308, 331, 340 P.3d 440, 463 (2014)

(cleaned up).

In its motion to set a firm trial date and for

determination of HRPP Rule 48, the State informed the circuit

court that Patoc had been ordered, in June 2023, to undergo an

HRS § 704-404 fitness examination in case no. 1CPC-XX-XXXXXXX. 4

The circuit court took judicial notice of the records and

proceedings in case no. 1CPC-XX-XXXXXXX, and sua sponte ordered

a fitness and penal responsibility determination for Patoc.

In light of the above-described proceedings in 1CPC-

XX-XXXXXXX the circuit court appropriately exercised its

4 Patoc was charged in case no. 1CPC-XX-XXXXXXX with an unrelated
criminal offense. Pursuant to Hawaii Rules of Evidence Rule 201, this court
takes judicial notice of the records and proceedings in circuit court case
no. 1CPC-XX-XXXXXXX. Patoc's defense counsel in 1CPC-XX-XXXXXXX moved for an
HRS § 704-404 examination on June 26, 2023, and the court in 1CPC-XX-XXXXXXX
granted the motion on June 27, 2023.

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discretion to sua sponte suspend the underlying proceedings,

from July 24, 2023 to December 25, 2023, for the purpose of

determining Patoc's fitness to proceed. See id. at 330, 340

P.3d at 462 ("[W]hen a trial court finds that there is . . .

reason to believe that the defendant's mental or physical state

will become an issue in the case, the court is required to

suspend the proceedings and order an examination.") (emphasis

added) (cleaned up). We conclude that the circuit court did not

err in excluding this period from the HRPP Rule 48 calculation.

See HRPP Rule 48(c)(1) (authorizing the exclusion of "periods

that delay the commencement of trial and are caused by

collateral or other proceedings concerning the defendant,

including but not limited to penal irresponsibility examinations

and periods during which the defendant is incompetent to stand

trial" when computing the time for trial commencement). The

circuit court therefore did not err in denying Patoc's Motion to

Dismiss.

(2) Patoc contends the circuit court erred when it

sentenced Patoc without preparing a pre-sentence report and when

the circuit court did not conduct a colloquy with Patoc to

determine whether Patoc "intentionally, knowingly[,] and

voluntarily waived his right to the preparation of a pre-

sentence report." We review sentencing decisions for abuse of

discretion. State v. Hussein, 122 Hawaiʻi 495, 503, 229 P.3d
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313, 321 (2010). "[T]o constitute an abuse it must appear that

the court clearly exceeded the bounds of reason or disregarded

rules or principles of law or practice to the substantial

detriment of a party litigant." Id. (citation omitted).

HRS § 706-601(1) (2014) states that "the court shall

order a pre-sentence correctional diagnosis of the defendant

. . . where: . . . [t]he defendant has been convicted of a

felony." (Emphasis added.) Patoc was convicted of two felony

offenses: assault in the first degree and unauthorized control

of a propelled vehicle in the first degree. See HRS §§ 707-

710(2) (2014), 708-836(5) (2014). 5

HRS § 706-601(3) (Supp. 2016) states, however, that

the pre-sentence report requirement can be waived if certain

circumstances are met.

With the consent of the court, the requirement of a pre-
sentence diagnosis may be waived by agreement of both the
defendant and the prosecuting attorney; provided that in
felony cases, the prosecuting attorney shall inform, or
make reasonable efforts to inform, the victim or the
victim's surviving immediate family members of their rights
to be present at the sentencing hearing and to provide
information relating to the impact of the crime, including
any requested restitution.

(Emphasis added.)

"A waiver is the knowing, intelligent, and voluntary

relinquishment of a known right." State v. Friedman, 93 Hawaiʻi

5 Resisting an order to stop a motor vehicle in the second degree
is a misdemeanor. HRS § 710-1027(2) (2014).

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63, 68, 996 P.2d 268, 273 (2000) (citation omitted). We look at

"the totality of [the] facts and circumstances" of this case to

determine whether Patoc waived his right to a pre-sentence

report. Id. (citations omitted).

The record reflects that the circuit court ordered the

preparation of a pre-sentence report. The court-ordered report

could not be completed, however, because Patoc refused, multiple

times, to be interviewed by the probation officer. 6 At the

May 3, 2024 sentencing hearing, the circuit court explained the

purpose of a pre-sentence report to Patoc, and Patoc stated

several times that he did not want a pre-sentence report

prepared. The circuit court granted defense counsel's request

for a continuance of the sentencing hearing over the State's

objection.

At the June 21, 2024 continued sentencing hearing,

defense counsel informed the circuit court that Patoc had

"questions as to how the [pre-sentence] report was not done,"

and "that [Patoc] recognize[d] that he has a right to do it."

The circuit court engaged in the following colloquy with Patoc:

THE COURT: Do you understand what this pre-sentence
report i[s]?

[PATOC]: It is [sic] basically brings up my
history and stuff like that about me, right?

6 In an April 2, 2024 letter to the circuit court, the probation
officer stated that Patoc "failed to avail himself for presentence
investigation." The probation officer made three attempts to meet with Patoc
to complete the interview, but Patoc declined each time.
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THE COURT: It does.

[PATOC]: Right.

THE COURT: And it's not just your history, right?
It is a fairly comprehensive report. It talks about your
family background, your parents, whether or not you
yourself have any children, your significant relationships.
It also talks about your work history. It is fairly
detailed about that. It talks about any criminal history
that you might have. And if there is any juvenile records.
And I don't know if there is or not. But if there is any
juvenile records, they try to find that as well.

Then they will inquire about your physical condition,
whether or not you have any physical disabilities or
injuries of significance, like surgeries. And they even
look into whether or not there is any mental health issues
and mental health treatment. So is [sic] a fairly
comprehensive report. And it also allows for people to
write in on your behalf. They are called letters of
reference or letters of support. They normally get sent
into the probation office. And all of that is put together
in the report.

There was a 704 examination that was sought in your
case, right?

[PATOC]: Correct.

THE COURT: At one point. If any of those reports by
those examiners were completed, that would also get
attached to the report as well. So pretty -- like I said -
- pretty extensive report. You follow me so far?

[PATOC]: Yeah.

THE COURT: I normally recommend defendants to
participate and have that report done. Because, number 1,
if they are sentenced to probation it assists the probation
officer in supervision. If a defendant is sentenced to
prison, then the parole board really wants to see that
report to determine what kind of minimum is going to be set
for that particular person. And it generally helps a
defendant in both of those circumstances. Follow me so
far?

[PATOC]: Yes.

THE COURT: Do you have any questions about that so
far?

[PATOC]: So far, no.

THE COURT: Okay. And the Court, as [defense
counsel] indicated, needs to order it unless you really say
you don't want it and [the prosecutor] says he doesn't
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really want it as well. If both sides waive the report,
then we can proceed to sentencing without. But if one side
wants it and one side doesn't, I still got to order it. Do
you have any questions about that?

[PATOC]: No.

The circuit court then asked Patoc whether he wanted

the pre-sentence report done. Patoc stated, "I was hoping that

[the pre-sentence report] was already done to be honest with

you." Patoc expressed reluctance to continue the sentencing

hearing to allow time for preparation of a pre-sentence report,

given that, "to postpone again, for something [he] feel[s]

should have already been done . . . [was] not sitting well with

[him]." When informed that the continued hearing would be on

September 27, 2024, Patoc said, "I would definitely want that

report, but at the same time, I just want to move on already

with this whole process." Given Patoc's apparent uncertainty as

to whether the pre-sentence report was worth a continuance, the

circuit court continued sentencing so that Patoc could discuss

the matter with his defense counsel.

At the September 27, 2024 continued sentencing

hearing, the circuit court noted on the record Patoc's continued

refusal to participate in the pre-sentencing report process, and

engaged in the following colloquy with Patoc:

THE COURT: Well, here is your choice. And we are
back to square 1 again, Mr. Patoc.

[PATOC]: Right.

THE COURT: If you want to participate in the
investigation with the probation officer to create a
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complete pre-sentence report, I will give you the time to
do so. You have indicated that you didn't want to do that
in the past.

[PATOC]: Right.

THE COURT: And if you don't, I will respect those
wishes as well, and we can proceed to sentencing today.

[PATOC]: Yeah, I definitely would like to proceed
today.

THE COURT: Today?

[PATOC]: Yeah.

THE COURT: So, again, you understand that whatever
records we have now, if you were sentenced to prison, that
is what the [Paroling] Authority is going to have. They
don't have the benefit of the pre-sentence report.
Normally they want to see that. We talked about this
before, right?

[PATOC]: Right. Right.

THE COURT: So I want to make sure that if we proceed
with sentencing you understand there is no [pre-sentence
report] for the [Paroling] Authority. They normally rely
on the [pre-sentence report] whenever they submit and make
recommendations for minimum terms.

And, again -- and I don't know for sure, your lawyer
can confirm this. But it is my general belief that when
detainees go before the [Paroling] Authority, it is more
beneficial for them to have a [pre-sentence report] than
not.

When asked if he wanted to proceed with sentencing,

Patoc stated, "I definitely would like to continue to proceed in

the sentencing." Patoc twice more represented during the

circuit court's colloquy that he would like to proceed with

sentencing.

We conclude, on this record, that the circuit court

did not err in determining that the parties had waived the

required pre-sentence report pursuant to HRS § 706-601(3).

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Patoc intelligently, knowingly, and voluntarily waived his right

to a pre-sentence report. The prosecutor also represented on

the record of the June 21, 2024 continued sentencing hearing

that the "State is ready to proceed," and "the State believes

that the [c]ourt and counsel have all that they need with

respect to documents." The circuit court therefore did not

abuse its discretion in imposing a sentence without a pre-

sentence report.

For the foregoing reasons, we affirm the Judgment.

DATED: Honolulu, Hawaiʻi, December 9, 2025.

On the briefs: /s/ Katherine G. Leonard
Presiding Judge
Keith S. Shigetomi,
for Defendant-Appellant. /s/ Sonja M.P. McCullen
Associate Judge
Stephen K. Tsushima,
Deputy Prosecuting Attorney, /s/ Kimberly T. Guidry
City and County of Honolulu, Associate Judge
for Plaintiff-Appellee.

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