Altamirano, Migdonio v. Emmerich, Warden

IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
FOR THE WESTERN DISTRICT OF WISCONSIN
MIGDONIO ALTAMIRANO,
Petitioner,
v.
WARDEN EMMERICH,
Respondent.
OPINION and ORDER
25-cv-575-jdp
Migdonio Altamirano, proceeding without counsel, seeks habeas corpus relief under
28 U.S.C. § 2241, requesting an order directing the Bureau of Prisons (BOP) to apply First
Step Act time credits entitling him to transfer to a residential reentry center or home
confinement sometime in 2025. Because Altamirano is the subject of a final order of removal
that prohibits application of those time credits, I will deny the petition.
BACKGROUND
Altamirano was convicted in the Southern District of Texas of conspiracy to interfere
with commerce by threats or violence, in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 1951(a). United States v.
Altamirano, No. 17-cr-345 (S.D. Tex.), Dkt. 485 (judgment of conviction). Altamirano’s
projected release date with good-time credits is December 6, 2026. Dkt. 14-1. He has accrued
at least 435 days of First Step Act time credits that in certain circumstances could be applied
toward placement in a residential reentry center or in home confinement. See Dkt. 14-5.
In May 2018, the Department of Homeland Security issued an “Immigration Detainer
- Notice of Action,” stating that there was probable cause that Altamirano is a removable alien.
Dkt. 14-6. In September 2025, after Altamirano had filed his habeas petition, the Department
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of Homeland Security issued a final administrative removal order stating that Altamirano is
deportable as an alien convicted of an aggravated felony under 8 U.S.C. § 1227(a)(2)(A)(iii).
Dkt. 14-7.
ANALYSIS
Altamirano initially contended that through application of his First Step Act time
credits, he is entitled to transfer to placement in a residential reentry center or in home
confinement, but that the BOP has unlawfully kept him in prison because of an immigration
detainer against him. That argument had potential merit at the time that Altamirano filed his
petition. See Alqsous v. Emmerich, No. 25-cv-722-jdp (W.D. Wis. Sept. 5, 2025) (collecting cases
suggesting that BOP’s First Step Act time credit policy regarding prisoners with detainers
violates the First Step Act). But during the briefing of Altamirano’s petition, the Department
of Homeland Security issued a final order of removal against him. That means that the BOP
cannot now apply his First Step Act credits. See 18 U.S.C. § 3632(d)(4)(E)(i) (“[a] prisoner is
ineligible to apply time credits . . . if the prisoner is the subject of a final order of removal under
any provision of the immigration laws”).
Altamirano argues that the BOP should have applied his credits before the final order
of removal was entered against him, and that the government’s failure to do so and subsequent
entry of the final order of removal violated the Ex Post Facto Clause of the United States
Constitution. But I have previously rejected this argument, stating that the plain language of
the First Step Act precludes application of earned credits once a final order of removal is
reinstated, even after a habeas petition was filed. Ruiz Tapia v. Emmerich, No. 25-cv-668-jdp,
2025 WL 3163824, at *1 (W.D. Wis. Oct. 27, 2025); see also Blandon-Sanchez v. FCI Fort Dix
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Warden, No. CV 24-10923, 2025 WL 2426756, at *1 (D.N.J. Aug. 22, 2025) (“any
entitlement to [FSA time credits] Petitioner may possess, are inherently contingent on an
inmate's lack of a final order of removal”); Becerra v. Birkholz, No. 2:24-CV-4273, 2025 WL
898062, at *4 (C.D. Cal. Feb. 14, 2025) (The First Step Act’s prohibition of application of
credits for inmates with final orders of removal “has been in effect since the enactment of the
FSA so there cannot be an ex post facto violation.”), report and recommendation adopted,
No. 2:24-CV-4273, 2025 WL 896441 (C.D. Cal. Mar. 24, 2025). I cannot order the BOP to
apply Altamirano’s credits now that the final order of removal has been issued.
In his reply, Altamirano contends that BOP officials are also violating the Second
Chance Act and that he wishes to challenge their interpretations of the First Step Act and
Second Chance Act under the Administrative Procedure Act (APA), 5 U.S.C. § 701, et seq. But
an APA claim doesn’t add anything to the First Step Act analysis: I have already concluded
that the plain language of that law prohibits the BOP from applying his credits. And Altamirano
did not develop a Second Chance Act claim in his original petition or brief supporting it, so I
won’t consider such a claim. Cf. White v. United States, 8 F.4th 547, 552–53 (7th Cir. 2021)
(arguments raised for first time in reply brief are waived). I will deny his habeas petition.
ORDER
IT IS ORDERED that:
1. 	Petitioner Migdonio Altamirano’s petition for writ of habeas corpus under 28 U.S.C.
§ 2241 is DENIED.
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2. 	The clerk of court is directed to enter judgment and close this case.
Entered November 21, 2025.
BY THE COURT:
/s/
________________________________________
JAMES D. PETERSON
District Judge
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