Betty Davis Parker

UNITED STATES BANKRUPTCY COURT
EASTERN DISTRICT OF NORTH CAROLINA
RALEIGH DIVISION
IN RE:
BETTY DAVIS PARKER
DEBTOR
CASE NO.
08-04126-8-ATS
ORDER DENYING MOTION TO DISMISS AND
MOTION TO EXTEND TIME TO OBJECT TO DISCHARGE
The matters before the court are the bankruptcy administrator's motion to dismiss for abuse
and motion to extend time to object to discharge. A hearing on the motion to dismiss took place in
Raleigh, North Carolina on January 27, 2009. 	A telephonic hearing on the motion to extend time
was held on November 10, 2008, and the court reserved its ruling until after the hearing on the
motion to dismiss.
Betty Davis Parker filed a petition for relief under chapter 7 of the Bankruptcy Code on June
20, 2008. On August 20, 2008, the bankruptcy administrator filed a motion to dismiss pursuant to
11 U.S.C. § 707(b), or in the alternative, pursuant to § 707(a). 	On July 9, 2008, the case was
selected for random audit, and on July 25, 2008, the bankruptcy administrator requested the court
to issue a statement of presumed abuse. As stated, the bankruptcy administrator's motion to dismiss
for abuse was filed on August 20, 2008. The auditor's report was filed on September 21, 2008. The
SO ORDERED.
SIGNED this 03 day of February, 2009.
________________________________________
A. Thomas Small
United States Bankruptcy Judge
____________________________________________________________
Case 08-04126-8-JRL Doc 47 Filed 02/03/09 Entered 02/03/09 16:44:10 Page 1 of 7

2
deadline for filing objections to the debtor's discharge was September 15, 2008. On October 17,
2008, the bankruptcy administrator filed a motion to extend time to object to discharge, based on
the auditor's report.
Ms. Parker has been employed as a real estate agent for 10 years. Her non-filing husband
is an employee of Time Warner Cable. At the time of the filing, the Parkers were the temporary
legal guardians of two children ages 8 and 11, and they also have a 13-year-old daughter. 	Ms.
Parker's Schedule I shows estimated income of $2,500 per month for herself, and $11,418.75 for her
non-filing spouse. After taking the deductions from Mr. Parker's payroll, the combined monthly
income on Schedule I is $9,500.82. Ms. Parker's Statement of Financial Affairs showed her income
for 2006 of $94,529.85 and for 2007 of $75,962. The "means test" calculation on Form B22 shows
annualized "current monthly income" for the Parkers of $172,370.40, which exceeds the state
median income for a family of five.
Ms. Parker's Statement of Financial Affairs shows that the Parkers sold their residence on
May 1, 2007, for a net gain of $58,000. The Parkers purchased their present home in June 2007 for
$600,000, and the Parkers' mortgage payment is $3,513.08 per month. The scheduled value of the
property is $625,000, and the property is encumbered by deeds of trust in the total amount of
$569,083.22.
Ms. Parker's Schedule J shows monthly expenses of $1,500 for food, $350 for medical and
dental, $400 for transportation, $600 for income taxes, $200 for business expenses, $200
miscellaneous, as well as $600 for Mr. Parker's credit card and $516 and $622 for two vehicles
owned by Mr. Parker (these expenses are included in the "marital deduction" taken on Ms. Parker's
Form B22).
Case 08-04126-8-JRL Doc 47 Filed 02/03/09 Entered 02/03/09 16:44:10 Page 2 of 7

3
The bankruptcy administrator contends that Ms. Parker understated her income and her
husband's income, overstated her expenses, used funds from the sale of her house that could have
been used to pay creditors to buy another, more expensive home, and drives luxury vehicles while
seeking to discharge her unsecured debt. The bankruptcy administrator maintains that these facts
establish two bases for dismissal: first, under 11 U.S.C. § 707(a) the case should be dismissed for
cause including bad faith and a lack of candor, and second, under § 707(b), for abuse.
Under § 707(a) of the Bankruptcy Code, the court may dismiss a case after notice and a
hearing only for "cause." Lack of good faith can constitute cause for dismissal under § 707(a). In
re Zick, 931 F.2d 1124, 1126-27 (6th Cir. 1991). 	Courts apply a totality of the circumstances
approach to determine whether to dismiss a case under § 707(a), including the following factors:
1. The debtor reduces creditors to a single creditor in the months prior to the filing
of the petition;
2. The debtor failed to make lifestyle adjustments or continued living an expansive
or lavish lifestyle;
3. Debtor filed the case in response to a Judgment pending litigation . . . ;
4. The debtor made no efforts to repay his debts;
5. The unfairness of the use of Chapter 7;
6. The debtor has sufficient resources to pay his debts;
7. The debtor is paying debts to insiders;
8. The schedules inflate expenses to disguise financial well-being;
9. The debtor transferred assets;
10. The debtor's overly utilizing the protections of the Code to the unconscionable
detriment of creditors;
11. The debtor employed a deliberate and persistent plan of evading a single major
creditor;
12. The debtor failed to make candid and full disclosure;
13. The debts are modest in relation to assets and income; and
14. There are multiple bankruptcies or other procedural "gymnastics."
In re O'Brien, 328 B.R. 669, 675 (Bankr. W.D.N.Y. 2005) (quoting In re Keobapha, 279 B.R. 49,
52 (Bankr. D. Conn. 2002)).
Case 08-04126-8-JRL Doc 47 Filed 02/03/09 Entered 02/03/09 16:44:10 Page 3 of 7

4
Under § 707(b), the court may, after notice and a hearing, dismiss a case filed by an
individual debtor under chapter 7 whose debts are primarily consumer debts if it finds that the
granting of relief would be an abuse of the provisions of chapter 7. Prior to the Bankruptcy Abuse
Prevention and Consumer Protection Act of 2005, Pub. L. 109-8, 119 Stat. 23, § 907 (April 20,
2005) ("BAPCPA"), § 707(b) provided for dismissal of chapter 7 cases if the filing was a
"substantial abuse." 	The test for substantial abuse in the Fourth Circuit is the "totality of the
circumstances" as set forth in In re Green, 934 F.2d 568, 572 (4th Cir. 1991). The factors include:
(1) Whether the bankruptcy petition was filed because of sudden illness, calamity,
disability, or unemployment;
(2) Whether the debtor incurred cash advances and made consumer purchases far in
excess of his ability to repay;
(3) Whether the debtor's proposed family budget is excessive or unreasonable;
(4) Whether the debtor's schedules and statement of current income and expenses
reasonably and accurately reflect the true financial condition; and
(5) Whether the petition was filed in good faith.
934 F.3d at 572. This court has continued to apply the "totality of the circumstances" test to assess
whether a case constitutes abuse since the passage of BAPCPA. See In re Tucker, Case No. 06-
02126-5-ATS (Bankr. E.D.N.C. July 3, 2007).
The bankruptcy administrator relies upon the auditor's finding of a material misstatement of
income, as well as the fact that Mr. Parker's actual income for 2008 was $161,000, as opposed to the
$137,000 that was projected in Schedule I. Because the auditor was not available to testify, the court
does not know on what basis the auditor found a misstatement of income, or how the auditor
determined what income ought to have appeared on Schedule I. The Parkers both testified that the
income listed on Schedule I was an estimate of what they expected to earn in 2008. Both of the
Parkers work on commission, and both have unpredictable incomes. 	Ms. Parker in fact made
substantially less than she projected on Schedule I, while Mr. Parker, who is not a debtor, made
Case 08-04126-8-JRL Doc 47 Filed 02/03/09 Entered 02/03/09 16:44:10 Page 4 of 7

5
substantially more. Mr. Parker anticipates that in 2009 he will be fortunate to make one-half of his
income from 2008 due to the downturn in the economy and the decrease in new construction.
Ms. Parker testified that in the past, she had been very successful as a listing agent for newly
constructed subdivisions. When she contracted to purchase her new home, she was about to begin
work in a new subdivision, and she expected to have significant commissions from that work.
Instead, the real estate market began its rapid decline, and the subdivision for which Ms. Parker was
responsible from September 2007 through May 2008 had no sales. Ms. Parker's income for 2008
was only $20,400, with business expenses of $11,000. Ms. Parker testified that it is common in her
industry for real estate agents to use credit cards to cover expenses during the down times, with the
expectation that a few sales will generate sufficient income to pay those debts. Ms. Parker has had
the credit card accounts listed on her schedules for many years. Ms. Parker also testified that she
turned in her leased Lexus and she and Mr. Parker now have only two vehicles. The Parkers have
also tried to sell their new house, but they have had only four showings in 120 days, with no second
showings.
The totality of the circumstances in this case do not support dismissal either for cause or for
abuse. 	The evidence before the court does not support the allegation that the schedules are
misleading or inaccurate. Schedule I gave estimates for both Mr. and Ms. Parker's income, and
while Mr. Parker's turned out to be higher, Ms. Parker's was actually lower. Compared to the IRS
allowances for a family of the Parkers' size, the listed expenses are not unreasonable. While the
Parkers no longer have custody of the two children for whom they were temporary guardians, they
did have those children on the petition date, and the scheduled expenses are reasonable for a family
of five. There is no evidence of excessive spending beyond the debtor's ability to pay based on her
Case 08-04126-8-JRL Doc 47 Filed 02/03/09 Entered 02/03/09 16:44:10 Page 5 of 7

6
previous ability to service her debt. Both of the Parkers' testimony was credible, and the court does
not find that the petition was filed in bad faith or that the filing is an abuse of chapter 7.
Having determined that the case will not be dismissed under § 707, the court now turns to
whether it may extend the time to object to the debtor's discharge. 	The deadline for filing an
objection to discharge expired on September 15, 2008. The auditor's report on which the bankruptcy
administrator bases her potential objection to discharge was not filed until after that date, and the
bankruptcy administrator filed her motion to extend time to object to discharge on October 17, 2008.
Federal Rule of Bankruptcy Procedure 4004(b) provides that a motion to extend time to object to
discharge must be filed before the time has expired. Citing Rules 4004(b) and 9006(b)(3), courts
have held that there is no discretion to enlarge the time if the motion is filed after the bar date. See
In re MacKay, 324 B.R. 566, 569 (Bankr. M.D. Pa. 2005); In re DiLoreto, 277 B.R. 607, 610
(Bankr. E.D. Pa. 2000).
Some courts have observed that where the objecting party is the United States trustee (or the
bankruptcy administrator in North Carolina), the court might be more generous in allowing a motion
to extend time to object to discharge than where a creditor seeks an extension. 	See, e.g., In re
Chamness, 312 B.R. 421 (Bankr. D. Colo. 2004); In re Phouminh, 2004 WL 1637036 (Bankr. D.
Colo. 2004). Those courts recognize that the United States trustee is not a creditor, is not
economically affected, has regulatory and administrative responsibilities in each case, and does not
have a pre-existing, prepetition relationship with the debtor that would otherwise enable a creditor
to act more quickly with respect to protecting its rights to object to discharge. 	However, those
courts addressed and allowed motions to extend time only where the United States trustee filed the
motion to extend prior to the bar date.
Case 08-04126-8-JRL Doc 47 Filed 02/03/09 Entered 02/03/09 16:44:10 Page 6 of 7

7
BAPCPA dramatically increased the number of cases subjected to audit, but the Federal
Rules of Bankruptcy Procedure were not amended to allow for a late motion to extend time to object
to discharge where an auditor's report is filed after the expiration of the time to file a complaint
objecting to discharge. Instead, the Bankruptcy Code acknowledges that there may be a timing issue
by specifically providing for revocation of discharge based on a failure to satisfactorily explain a
material misstatement in an audit or a failure to fully comply with an audit. 11 U.S.C. § 727(d)(4).
Because the bankruptcy administrator has this remedy available, and because there is no discretion
for the court to extend the time to object to discharge when the motion is filed after the bar date, the
bankruptcy administrator's motion to extend time to object to discharge will be denied.
Based on the foregoing, the bankruptcy administrator's motions to dismiss and to extend time
to object to discharge are DENIED.
SO ORDERED.
END OF DOCUMENT
Case 08-04126-8-JRL Doc 47 Filed 02/03/09 Entered 02/03/09 16:44:10 Page 7 of 7