ROSS v. WALKER et al

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
FOR THE DISTRICT OF MAINE
Kevin Lee Ross
v. Case No. 24-cv-230-LBM
Lance E. Walker, et al.
REPORT AND RECOMMENDATION
Plaintiff Kevin Lee Ross, appearing pro se, is currently confined in the Somerset County
(Me.) Jail. He filed a complaint (Doc. No. 1), naming as defendants a federal judge, prosecutor
and three probation officers, as well as two relatives. Presently before the court is plaintiff’s motion
for preliminary injunction (Doc. No. 14), which was referred to the undersigned Magistrate Judge
for a report and recommendation. See 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1)(B); LR 72(a). As explained below,
the district judge should deny plaintiff’s motion because he failed to demonstrate a likelihood of
success on the merits or irreparable harm, and because he seeks relief against a non-party.
PRELIMINARY INJUNCTION STANDARD
Injunctive relief is “an extraordinary and drastic remedy that is never awarded as of right.”
Voice of the Arab World, Inc. v. MDTV Med. News Now, Inc., 645 F.3d 26, 32 (1st Cir. 2011)
(citations and quotation marks omitted). “To grant a preliminary injunction, a district court must
find the following four elements satisfied: (1) a likelihood of success on the merits, (2) a likelihood
of irreparable harm absent interim relief, (3) a balance of equities in the plaintiff's favor, and (4)
service of the public interest.” Arborjet, Inc. v. Rainbow Treecare Sci. Advancements, Inc., 794
F.3d 168, 171 (1st Cir. 2015). The likelihood of success and irreparable harm are the factors that
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weigh most heavily in the analysis. See Esso Std. Oil Co. v. Monroig–Zayas, 445 F.3d 13, 18 (1st
Cir. 2006). As the party seeking injunctive relief, the plaintiff bears the burden of establishing that
the factors weigh in their favor. See Diaz-Carrasquillo v. Garcia-Padilla, 750 F.3d 7, 10 (1st Cir.
2014); Esso Standard Oil Co., 445 F.3d at 18.
FACTUAL ALLEGATIONS
The incarcerated plaintiff, who asserts that he is litigating several civil and criminal cases,
seeks an injunction to ensure that he can “keep [his] legal work and research with [him] in case of
my transfer from here anywhere else.” Pltf. Mot. (Doc. No. 14) at 1.
DISCUSSION
A. Likelihood of Success on the Merits
Plaintiff’s complaint in this case relates to actions taken by the defendants in connection
with his prosecution. As the claims in this case do not involve denial of access to his legal
materials, this factor weighs heavily against injunctive relief.
B. Irreparable Harm
“A plaintiff seeking preliminary relief [must] demonstrate that irreparable injury is likely
in the absence of an injunction.’” Range of Motion Prod. LLC v. Armaid Co. Inc., No. 1:21-CV-
00105-JDL, 2021 WL 3476607, at *10 (D. Me. Aug. 6, 2021) (quoting Winter v. Nat. Res. Def.
Council, 555 U.S. 7, 22 (2008)). By its own terms, plaintiff’s relief is contingent on a possible
transfer and is aimed at some future conduct, neither of which are alleged to be imminent. “A
finding of irreparable harm must be grounded on something more than conjecture, surmise, or a
party's unsubstantiated fears of what the future may have in store.” Id. (quoting Charlesbank Equity
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Fund II, Ltd. P'ship v. Blinds To Go, Inc., 370 F.3d 151, 162 (1st Cir. 2004). As the plaintiff failed
to demonstrate irreparable harm, this factor also weighs against injunctive relief.
C. Enjoining Non-parties
As noted above, the requested injunctive relief targets non-parties – future jail or prison
personnel – who may be involved in a transfer at some unknown future time. But only parties or
those acting in concert with parties can be bound by an injunction. See Fed. R. Civ. P. 65(d)(2).
As neither the complaint nor the instant motion suggests any connection between these defendants
and entities that might be involved in a hypothetical transfer, an injunction cannot issue.
CONCLUSION
Based on the foregoing, the district judge should deny plaintiff’s motion for preliminary
injunction. (Doc. No. 14). Any objections to this Report and Recommendation must be filed within
fourteen days of receipt of this notice. See Fed. R. Civ. P. 72(b)(2). The fourteen-day period may
be extended upon motion. Only those issues raised in the objection(s) to this Report and
Recommendation are subject to review in the district court. See Sch. Union No. 37 v. United Nat'l
Ins. Co., 617 F.3d 554, 564 (1st Cir. 2010). Any issues not preserved by such objection(s) are
precluded on appeal. See id. Failure to file any objections within the specified time waives the
right to appeal the district court's Order. See Santos-Santos v. Torres-Centeno, 842 F.3d 163, 168
(1st Cir. 2016).
____________________________________
Talesha L. Saint-Marc
United States Magistrate Judge
Sitting by Designation
July 18, 2024
cc: Kevin Lee Ross, pro se
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