City of San Bernardino, California

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UNITED STATES BANKRUPTCY COURT
CENTRAL DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA
RIVERSIDE DIVISION
CITY OF SAN BERNARDINO CALIFORNIA ,
Defendant
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Case No.: RS 6: 12-bk-28006 MJ
OPINION
CITY OF SAN BERNARDINO ELIGIBILITY OPINION
A major creditor of the City of San Bernardino, the California Public Employee
Retirement System, objected to the eligibility of the City to file a petition under chapter
91 of the Bankruptcy Code on the grounds that it did not desire to effect a plan of
adjustment and did not file the petition in good faith. The Court recognizes that the City
was not a poster child in organization and prepetition planning before it entered into
the complex world of chapter 9 reorganization. The Court also acknowledges that the
1 Unless otherwise indicated, all chapter and section references are to the Bankruptcy Code, 11 U.S.C. §§ 101-1521.
“Rule” references are to the Federal Rules of Bankruptcy Procedure and “Civil Rules” references are to the Federal
Rules of Civil Procedure.
FILED & ENTERED
OCT 16 2013
CLERK U.S. BANKRUPTCY COURT
Central District of California
BY DEPUTY CLERK	moser
FOR PUBLICATION
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City got off to a slow start in getting its financial records in order and adopting an
interim balanced budget to bridge the gap from the petition date to eventual plan of
adjustment. However, despite the untidy disarray of the City’s finances and the early
lack of direction toward long-term resolution of its admitted financial distress, in this
summary judgment proceeding, the Court overrules the CalPERS objections on their
limited stated grounds and finds the City eligible to remain in its chapter 9 proceeding.
The factual and legal basis for the Court’s decision follows.2
Factual Background
The Great Recession and the burst of the housing bubble in 2007 negatively
affected the City of San Bernardino like many other cities in California and the entire
country. The drop in housing prices and increase in foreclosures of single family
residences resulted in significantly lower property tax revenues, a prime source of
revenue for California cities. The City was particularly hard hit by these phenomena
because, due to the cheaper housing and available financing, an influx of people moved
to the Inland Empire during the boom, and the consequent bust led to unprecedented
foreclosures, one of the highest rates in the country. Along with the foreclosures came
substantial unemployment, as much of the population had been employed in the
housing industry, from construction workers to real estate realtors to mortgage brokers,
2 This opinion is intended to supplement the oral ruling made by this Court on the summary judgment motion on
August 28, 2013, and the docketed Statement of Uncontroverted Facts which supports the order granting the
summary judgment. All three sources are meant to articulate the reasons the Court granted eligibility.
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resulting in a significant drop in household income.3 This decline led to less consumer
sales and consequently smaller sales tax revenues, another major component of the
City’s revenues.
The City was impacted not only on the revenue side but also by escalating
expenses. The influx of population created a greater demand for public services, from
public safety (police and fire) to more mundane matters such as street repair and
infrastructure maintenance.4 City employee salaries and benefits, as in most
municipalities, make up 75% of the City’s budget and, as the need for services grew in
the boom, so did the number of City employees and consequent expenses. Adding to
the costs were particularly lucrative retirement benefits which the Common Council had
negotiated in the collective bargaining agreements with the City’s seven unions.
The City participates in the California Public Employee Retirement System
(CalPERS), a state-run retirement system, which is funded by a combination of an
employer share and an employee share.5 Until 2011, the City, unlike most California
cities, paid not only the employer share but also the employee share to CalPERS, making
the City’s contributions to retirement rate as a percentage of payroll 39% for safety and
25% for other employees. Along with the current CalPERS obligations were substantial
unfunded liabilities to the pension funds based on actuarial tables, past performance of
3 The City’s unemployment rate was 16.9% as of June 2012, more than double the national rate of 8.2%.
4 The City’s population of approximately 213,000 is spread over 59.3 square miles, compounding the difficulty in
providing adequate services.
5 CalPERS has set the City’s employer share at 30% for safety employees and 17% for all others, and the employee
share at 9% for safety and 8% for all others.
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the funds, retirement age and other contractual factors. Each year the City must also
pay a portion of the unfunded liabilities to CalPERS.6
Along with the CalPERS obligations, the City has promised its retirees an annual
2% cost of living adjustment regardless of the Consumer Price Index or the state of the
retirement funds. In addition, the City’s retirement plans also provide for another post-
employment benefit consisting of retiree medical care. Because the City’s employees
are eligible to retire at either age 50 (safety) or 55 (other employees), many employees
retire before they are eligible for Medicare, creating a significant cost for the City. The
cost of this perk has not been funded through the working life of the employees and the
City has little money set aside to fund these benefits, resulting in another substantial
unfunded liability.
As the economy worsened and revenues decreased, the City took some stop gap
measures to try to stop the bleeding. It implemented a hiring freeze and down-sized
departments, reducing the workforce by 20%. It negotiated and imposed concessions
on its unions, saving about $10 million per year.7 It exhausted its general fund reserves
and sold excess assets to provide cash to fund ongoing operations. While the financial
crisis deepened, the City’s finance department, either because it was understaffed or
because it was incompetent (or both), fell behind in providing basic accounting records
6 It is the Court’s understanding that most cities in California have unfunded liabilities to CalPERS.
7 One negotiated or imposed term was that beginning with new employees in 2011, employees would pay the
employee share to CalPERS.
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for the City, including bank reconciliations. The financial picture for the City was blurred
at best and the City was sliding toward severe cash flow problems.
A major change in City personnel from late December 2011 through May 2012
awakened the Common Council to the full import of the impending financial crisis. The
City’s former Director of Finance retired at the end of December 2011 and the City
Manager resigned effective May 1, 2012. The new Director of Finance, James P.
Simpson, began analyzing the City’s financial condition in May 2012, while attempting to
formulate a budget for 2012-13. In doing so, he discovered the bookkeeping woes
described above and even worse. He determined that the budget projection for 2012-
13 resulted in a $45.9 million cash deficit with no general fund reserves; the cash
balances for the prior two fiscal years had been overstated; the beginning cash deficit
for the next fiscal year was over $18.2 million; and the City did not have enough
unrestricted cash or reserves to pay its current financial obligations due and those
obligations to become due beginning in July 2012, and continuing indefinitely.
On July 9, 2012, the City’s Department of Finance issued a report “San Bernardino
Budgetary Analysis and Recommendations for Budget Stabilization” (the Budget Report)
which was presented to the Common Council at a publicly noticed meeting on July 10,
2012. The presentation of the Budget Report on July 10, 2012, was the first
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comprehensive report to the Common Council regarding the fiscal crisis facing the City.8
The Common Council addressed the Budget Report at three meetings in July 2012. At
meetings on July 16 and 18, 2012, the Common Council adopted Resolutions 2012-205
and 2012-206 which (1) declared a fiscal emergency and (2) authorized the City Attorney
to file a chapter 9 petition in the bankruptcy court and the City Attorney and other
management staff to take all steps necessary to prosecute the chapter 9 proceeding.
Compliant with these resolutions, on August 1, 2012, the City filed its petition for
chapter 9 in the Central District of California, Riverside Division.9
Procedural Background in Chapter 9
The City filed its Statement of Qualifications on August 13, 2013, and its
Amended Statement of Qualifications on August 31, 2013.10 Based on a deadline set by
the Court, only two parties filed objections to eligibility: CalPERS and the San
Bernardino Public Employees Association (SBPEA).11 CalPERS objected on the grounds
8 CalPERS has argued and for the purposes of this opinion the Court does acknowledge that earlier reports of
impending financial doom were presented to the City by its consultants as early as 2007 and that some of these
reports contained suggested actions which the City could take to stave off financial crisis. The City did not take
many of the recommended steps. As a consequence, the Common Council was not totally unaware of the unstable
fiscal condition of the City.
9 The August 1, 2012 filing date was earlier than the City staff and its bankruptcy counsel had anticipated filing. The
initial projected filing date was late August. The earlier filing date was precipitated by the City’s belief that a party
which held a stipulated civil rights judgment against the City was seeking a writ from the federal district court
which would allow it to execute on the City’s bank account. The City asserted this belief as an alternative ground
to meet eligibility under § 109(c)(5)(D). However since no party objected to eligibility under § 109(c)(5) and the
City also qualified under § 109(c)(5)(C), the Court need not determine whether this criteria was met. Suffice it to
say, the belief did lead to an earlier filing date.
10 The only difference between the two statements was the addition in the Amended Statement of the alternative
ground for § 109(c)(5) eligibility under subpart (D).
11 Several individual interested parties filed “objections” with the court but none of these individual objections
stated an opposition to the grounds for eligibility set forth in § 109(c).
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that the City did not “desire to effect a plan to adjust debts” as required under § 109(c)
(4) and that the City did not file the petition in good faith, which is a ground for
dismissal under § 921(c). SBPEA objected on the basis that the City was not authorized
by state law to file a chapter 9 because it had not complied with Assembly Bill 506 (AB
506) as mandated by § 109(c)(2) 12 and because the City was not insolvent as required
by § 109(c)(3). SBPEA also asserted the petition was not filed in good faith. Subsequent
to the objection deadline, the Court held a status conference to schedule the case, but a
discovery deadline was not set because the parties wished to engage in informal
discovery. As will be further described below, the Court held a series of these status
conferences on case progress but at the mutual request of the City and CalPERS never
set a discovery deadline. The Court, however, also did not issue an order staying
discovery.
While the initial procedural matters were taking place, in September and October
2012, the City adopted a Pre-Pendency Plan as adjusted by a 9-Point Adjustment Plan.
The Pre-Pendency Plan did not present a balanced budget from a cash flow perspective,
but anticipated that expense adjustments were necessary to balance available cash with
expected expenses during the first year in chapter 9. Subsequently, the City on
November 26, 2012, approved a Pendency Plan, which was a balanced budget for that
12 AB 506 enacted by the State of California in 2011 and effective on January 1, 2012, is the common California
nomenclature for Cal. Gov’t Code § 53760, et seq. It requires a city to participate in a neutral evaluation process
pursuant to § 53760.3 or, in the alternative, to declare a fiscal emergency before it may file a bankruptcy petition.
Because SBPEA subsequently withdrew its objection, this opinion does not address the AB 506 issues.
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first year but was dependent on the City either negotiating or imposing certain
conditions on the employees. Both the Pre-Pendency Plan and the Pendency Plan were
short-term budgets and neither purported to address the longer term planning required
by a chapter 9 plan of adjustment. As asserted frequently by CalPERS, the City’s
financial department was understaffed and no person was assigned the task of drafting
a plan of adjustment.
In order to implement the Pendency Plan, the City authorized two employees to
meet with the seven unions to negotiate the concessions required by that budget.13
Four of the unions reached agreement with the City and accepted the changes, which
became effective on February 1, 2013. Three unions, police, fire, and SBPEA, did not.
On January 28, 2013, the City unilaterally imposed the modifications, also effective on
February 1, 2013, so that it could balance the Pendency Plan budget. On April 22, 2013,
the City adopted budgets for the General Fund for fiscal years 2012-13 and 2013-2014.
Meanwhile, informal discovery continued between the City, CalPERS, and the
other interested parties but little progress was made in moving the case toward an
eligibility hearing to resolve the CalPERS and SBPEA objections. However, at a status
conference in April or May 2013, SBPEA formally withdrew its objection under §
109(c)(3), conceding that the City was insolvent. At that time, with respect to the
13 The concessions required from the unions pertained to the employee share of the contributions to CalPERS, not
salary. CalPERS has asserted that these changes in contributions are not authorized by state law and the three
nonconsenting unions – Police, Fire, and the SBPEA – echo those arguments. For the purpose of this opinion, the
court only notes the practical effect on the employees’ net take home pay and the budget; the take home pay is
substantially negatively impacted but the concessions allowed the Pendency Plan budget to balance.
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remaining contested eligibility issues under §§ 109(c)(2) and (c)(4) and the good faith
requirement under § 921(c), the Court openly questioned whether there were any
disputed material facts that would require formal discovery. Subsequently, at a status
conference in early June 2013 the Court suggested that a summary judgment motion
could resolve the remaining issues. While an unusual approach in a contested matter as
opposed to an adversary proceeding, resolution by a summary judgment motion is not
unprecedented. When CalPERS protested that it wished to conduct essential formal
discovery on the eligibility issues, the Court directed CalPERS to brief those arguments in
a Civil Rule 56(d) motion, made applicable in bankruptcy proceedings by Rule 7056, and
set the Civil Rule 56 (d) motion to be heard at the same time the City’s summary
judgment motion would be argued.
The Propriety of Summary Judgment to Resolve Eligibility
A summary judgment motion under Civil Rule 56(d), as incorporated by Rule
7056, is properly granted when the movant shows that there is no genuine dispute as to
any material fact and the movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. Celotex
Corp. v. Catrett, 477 U.S. 317, 322-23 (1986). In making this determination, conflicts are
resolved by viewing all facts and reasonable inferences in the light most favorable to the
non-moving party. United States v. Diebold, Inc., 369 U.S. 654, 655 (1962).
In deciding a contested motion for summary judgment, a court is required to
make decisions of law based on a statement of uncontroverted facts and is prohibited
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from granting summary judgment where material disputed facts are at issue.
Accordingly, this Court in granting the City’s motion for eligibility must address the
critical issue of whether material disputed facts are at issue. Civil Rule 56(d) allows a
party, such as CalPERS here, to assert as a defense to summary judgment a need to
conduct further discovery. In particular, “where, as here, [non-moving party’s] case
turns so largely on [its] ability to secure evidence within the possession of [moving
party], courts should not render summary judgment because of gaps in a [non-moving
party’s] proof without first determining that [non-moving party] has had a fair chance to
obtain necessary and available evidence from the other party.” Carmona v. Toledo, 215
F.3d 124, 133 (1st Cir. 2000).
Operating within the universe of the remaining contested eligibility
requirements—desire to effect a plan, good faith in filing the petition and compliance
with AB 506 in meeting state authorization to file—the Court observed that the
subjective state of mind of any employee or representative of a city was not at issue
because a city, as an entity, takes objective actions such as adopting resolutions,
presenting budgets, and negotiating with unions. Based on these considerations, the
Court invited the objecting parties to present in a Civil Rule 56(d) motion those factual
issues which they believed to be material and disputed and upon which they needed
further discovery before eligibility could be determined. The Court observed that if the
Civil Rule 56(d) motion revealed that formal discovery was necessary for disputed
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material factual issues, then the factual disputes would need to be resolved in an
evidentiary hearing after perhaps months of such discovery.
The remaining contested issues narrowed by the time the Civil Rule 56(d) motion
was filed; SBPEA reached an agreement with the City whereby it accepted on a short-
term basis the conditions imposed on it on January 28, 2013, and withdrew its objection
to eligibility. That eliminated the challenge under § 109(c)(2), leaving only CalPERS as an
objecting party and only §§ 109(c)(4) and 921(c) in play.14 Addressing CalPERS Civil Rule
56(d) motion, the Court found that none of the facts that it asserted were material and
disputed would impact the decision on “desire” and good faith.
The Court will address why the purported facts are either irrelevant or, even
taken as true in the most negative light to the City, do not show a lack of desire or good
faith. The Court categorizes the Civil Rule 56(d) discovery requests into groups as
follows: (1) discovery on historical facts pertaining to activities at the City between 2006
and early 2012; (2) discovery on facts immediately prepetition; (3) discovery on post
petition facts pertaining to City actions during the chapter 9; and (4) discovery directed
toward depositions of City officials or consultants and on document requests not yet
satisfied.
14 CalPERS argued in its opposition that its objections to eligibility filed at the court deadline were “preliminary”
and that it had reserved the right to supplement those objections (without specifying which ground it wished to
assert that had not been previously challenged). The Court rejected the notion that new objections could be
raised after the deadline date because no court order allowed the right to supplement. The whole purpose of the
objection deadline was to fix the eligibility issues so that a chapter 9 could proceed in an orderly manner, and
CalPERS had not attempted to supplement its objections prior to the summary judgment motion and therefore had
waived any right it might have claimed to do so.
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CalPERS argues that it should have discovery about consultant and staff reports
presented to the City as early as 2006 which alerted the Common Council about
unstable financial issues and budgetary concerns and made recommendations of steps
the City could take to alleviate the impending crisis. CalPERS asserts that these issues
are material to good faith or desire because the discovery will reveal that the City knew
or should have known about the budgetary shortfalls and cash crisis for several years,
yet took no materials steps to alleviate the problem until it declared a financial
emergency on July 18, 2012.
The Court finds these remote facts irrelevant to determining desire or good faith
on the petition date. The inactivity of the City to forestall cash flow insolvency in prior
years does not mean, as a matter of law, the City is forever forbidden to file chapter 9
when the full impact of the cash situation was presented to the Common Council on July
10, 2012. Just because it did not act earlier does not mean it cannot act now if the City
finds, as it did, that the City was cash flow insolvent and could not pay its bills as they
came due on July 1, 2012, and onward without the protection of a bankruptcy
proceeding where it could defer or impair liabilities. No matter that some earlier
actions by the City might have lessened the shortfalls in July 2012. The undisputed
material facts are the cash flow crunch existed and no immediate remedies could
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address it other than the relief that chapter 9 afforded.15 Historical facts have no import
on the Court’s decision.
The Court will accept as true many of the “negative” facts that occurred
immediately prepetition which CalPERS argues are material and disputed. The Court’s
legal analysis which follows will encompass those facts and demonstrate why, taken as
true, they do not defeat eligibility on the contested grounds. Because the Court adopts
them, no dispute exists and no discovery is needed.16 A summary of the facts follows:
(a) the City had not formulated a proposed plan of adjustment or even a
term sheet before it filed;
(b) the City did not enter into meaningful negotiations with its major
creditors prepetition;
(c) the City entered into several stipulated judgments to settle civil rights
litigation prepetition upon which it immediately defaulted;
(d) the City’s financial records were in disarray, including delinquent
audited financials, lack of bank reconciliations, imprecise cash
projections, and incomplete interfund accounting;
(e) the City’s finance department was understaffed;
(f) the City paid more than a million dollars in cash outs to terminating
employees within 60 days of filing, including a substantial sum
immediately before the petition date;
(g) the City had no pre-filing plan to pay post petition expenses and
obligations to CalPERS;
15 The prior knowledge of the City of the upcoming fiscal crisis might have relevance on the declaration of
emergency to meet the AB 506 requirements which allowed the City to bypass neutral evaluation. Since SBPEA
withdrew its objection, that uncontested criteria is not before the Court to decide.
16 The legal analysis below demonstrates why any individual mindset or subjective intent is not material in
assessing the objective actions of the City which affect eligibility. Discovery consisting of depositions of City
officials or consultants would not elicit any objective information not already in the City records. Most
communications are not only irrelevant but also protected by the closed session or legislative privileges accorded
such communications in California. Cal. Gov’t Code § 54963(a); see City of Fairfield v. Superior Court, 14 Cal. 3d
768, 772 (1975).
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(h) other than as set forth in the Budget Report and reflected by
downsizing of personnel and employment freezes, the City had not
considered financial alternatives to face the cash flow crisis other than
filing chapter 9; and
(i) the City’s Water Fund had more than $37,000,000 in immediately
available cash.
The post petition facts which CalPERS argues are material and subject to
discovery because they are disputed do not lend themselves to objective discovery. As
with a number of the asserted prepetition facts, the Court will adopt those facts as
uncontroverted and provide in the legal analysis below an explanation for why even if
true they do not defeat the City’s petition for eligibility:
(a) during the 13 months of post petition activity in the chapter 9 case,
the City did not undertake meaningful negotiations with its major
creditors which focused on a proposed plan;
(b) the City did not adopt a Pendency Plan until November 26, 2012, and
only then because the Court made clear that the existence of a
Pendency Plan was a factor to be considered under § 109(c)(4);
(c) the Pendency Plan was only 10 pages long and contained no detailed
financials;
(d) no City employee or agent was assigned to draft the plan of
adjustment;
(e) CalPERS did not receive reconciled bank statements and other
requested financial documents until April 2013, or later;
(f) the City did not have cash projections until April 2013;
(g) the City did not adopt a 2012-2013 budget until April 2013;
(h) the City paid certain vendors on their prepetition invoices post
petition;
(i) the City did not pay post petition obligations to CalPERS;
(j) the City did not have enough manpower in its finance department;
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(k) the City accrued cash post petition while not paying all monies due to
CalPERS;
(l) the City did not provide all requested financial information to
creditors; and
(m) the City imposed wage and benefit conditions on the three unions
which did not agree to them, effective February 1, 2013.
In addition to these areas of requested discovery by CalPERS is a demand to
depose certain City employees. First, the factual expertise of Mr. Simpson, prior
Director of Finance for the City, and Mr. Bush, financial consultant to the City are
irrelevant because insolvency is not at issue. Second, Mr. Kennedy, Mr. Pachon, Mr.
McNeely, Mr. Wilson, Mr. Weinberg, and Mr. Majaj’s knowledge is limited to facts too
remote in time to be relevant. Lastly, any testimony would be subject to closed session
or legislative privilege to the extent there were inquiries about the witness’ state of
mind. Objective facts are all known in the City records.
In summary, the Court denies the Civil Rule 56(d) motion as grounds to delay
ruling on eligibility because CalPERS is entitled to formal discovery only on material
disputed facts. The inquiries which are relevant to the determination of whether the
City desired to effect a plan of adjustment on the petition date and whether the City
filed in good faith are centered on objective facts, which are measured by the acts of the
City, and not by a subjective inquiry into the state of mind of any employee, consultant
or agent. The relevant objective facts are either admittedly undisputed or the Court will
adopt them as true for the purpose of its analysis on these two legal principles.
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The consequence of the Court’s approach in determining there are no disputed
material facts is that it may grant summary judgment for the non-moving party, here
CalPERS (Civil Rule 56(f)(1)).17 As shown below, the uncontroverted facts lead the Court
to conclude the City is eligible for chapter 9.
Analysis
(a) General Requirements; Uncontested Provisions
Eligibility for an order for relief under chapter 9 is governed by five mandatory
requirements. Four of these requirements are set forth in the provisions of §§
109(c)(1)-(4). Alternatives for the fifth requirement are set forth in § 109(c)(5).
In addition, the Court may dismiss a chapter 9 petition under § 921(c), even
where all of the § 109(c) requirements are met, if the debtor did not file the petition in
good faith. “Unlike the eligibility requirements of § 109(c), the court's power to dismiss
a petition under § 921(c) is permissive, not mandatory.” In re Pierce Cnty. Hous. Auth.,
414 B.R. 702, 714 (Bankr. W.D. Wash. 2009) (“Pierce County”) (citing 6 Collier on
Bankruptcy 921-7 (Alan N. Resnick & Henry J. Sommer eds., 15th ed. 2009) [hereinafter
Collier]).
The chapter 9 petitioner has the burden to show that it is eligible to file under §
109(c). In re City of Stockton, Cal., 475 B.R. 720, 725-26 (Bankr. E.D. Cal. 2012)
17 If the Court granted for nonmovant CalPERS on § 109(c)(4) the result would be dismissal for ineligibility. If it
granted for nonmovant CalPERS on § 921(c), the Court could exercise its discretion to not dismiss the case. In re
Pierce Cnty. Hous. Auth., 414 B.R. 702, 710 (Bankr. W.D. Wash. 2009).
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(“Stockton”); Int'l Assn. of Firefighters, Local 1186 v. City of Vallejo (In re City of Vallejo),
408 B.R. 280, 289 (9th Cir. BAP 2009) (“Vallejo”); In re Valley Health Sys., 383 B.R. 156,
161 (Bankr. C.D. Cal. 2008) (“Valley Health”). “The quantum of proof, there being no
contrary indication in statute or in controlling decisional law, is the familiar
preponderance-of-evidence standard of basic civil litigation. Nothing suggests there
should be a higher burden. This conclusion comports with the argument by the authors
of the Collier treatise that the burden should be liberally applied in favor of granting
relief.” Stockton, 475 B.R. at 726 (citing 2 Collier § 109.04[3]). The § 109(c) eligibility
requirements are to be construed broadly “to provide access to relief in furtherance of
the Code’s underlying policies.” Valley Health, 383 B.R. at 161 (quoting Hamilton Creek
Metro. Dist. v. Bondholders Colo. Bondshares (In re Hamilton Creek Metro. Dist.), 143
F.3d 1381, 1384 (10th Cir. 1998)).
The issues before the Court are controlled by any objections that were filed with
the Court by October 24, 2012. The SBPEA union and CalPERS were the two original
objecting parties. After SBPEA withdrew its objections to the City’s eligibility, the
CalPERS objections under § 109(c)(4)—whether the City has presented undisputed
material facts to show the City’s desire to effect a plan as a matter of law—and § 921—
whether the undisputed evidence establishes that the City’s chapter 9 petition was filed
in good faith—are the only contested matters before the Court.
///
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I) Municipality: § 109(c)(1)
The City of San Bernardino is a municipal corporation and a political subdivision
of the State of California. This issue is uncontested.
II) Specifically Authorized To Be a Debtor by California Law: § 109(c)(2)
It is undisputed that the Common Council passed by a majority vote a resolution
authorizing the filing of a petition under chapter 9 of the Bankruptcy Code. The
Common Council also adopted a resolution declaring a financial emergency as required
by Cal. Gov’t Code § 53760(b). The City met the State requirements and is authorized to
file a chapter 9 under California law. This issue is uncontested.
III) Insolvency: § 109 (c)(3)
The uncontroverted facts establish that the City is insolvent. The City was unable
to pay its forthcoming obligations when the resolutions were passed and faced a cash
deficit of $45.9 million for fiscal year 2012-2013. This issue is uncontested.
IV) Negotiations With All of the City’s Creditors Was Impracticable: § 109(c)(5)(C)
The following uncontroverted facts support the finding that negotiations were
impracticable: there are a large number of creditors in one or more classes; there is a
lack of a viable business plan that addresses the City’s ongoing financial problems; and
there is a need to act quickly to protect the public from harm. This issue is uncontested.
Vallejo, 408 B.R. at 298.
///
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(b) General Requirements; Contested Provisions
I) Desire to Effect a Plan: § 109(c)(4)
“An entity may be a debtor under chapter 9 of this title if and only if such
entity . . . desires to effect a plan to adjust such debts.” § 109(c)(4). Although
uncommon, “[t]hose cases that have considered the issue demonstrate that no bright-
line test exists for determining whether a debtor desires to effect a plan because of the
highly subjective nature of the inquiry under § 109(c)(4).” Vallejo, 408 B.R. at 295. This
requirement may be satisfied with direct and circumstantial evidence. Id.; In re City of
Stockton, Cal., 493 B.R. 772, 791 (Bankr. E.D. Cal. 2013) (“Stockton II”) (noting that
“[e]vidence probative of intent includes attempt to resolve claims, submitting a draft
plan, and other circumstantial evidence.”). So long as the evidence shows that the
“purpose of the filing of the chapter 9 petition not simply be to buy time or evade
creditors,” a bankruptcy court may properly find that the § 109(c)(4) requirement has
been met. Vallejo, 408 B.R. at 295 (quoting 2 Collier § 109.04[3][d]); In re Boise Cnty.,
465 B.R. 156, 168 (Bankr. D. Idaho 2011) (“Boise County”).
“The cases equate ‘desire’ with ‘intent’ and make clear that this element is highly
subjective.” Stockton II, 493 B.R. at 791 (citing Vallejo, 408 B.R. at 295). Subjective
inquiry should not be misunderstood as an inquiry into a subjective state of mind.
Courts in the Ninth Circuit and other circuits conduct a subjective inquiry when
determining whether the municipality’s objective acts demonstrate the requisite
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“desire” or “intent.” Vallejo, 408 B.R. at 295; Stockton II, 493 B.R. at 791 (finding that
circumstantial evidence indicating the debtor’s desire to effect a plan existed where the
debtor could either excuse certain impaired contracts by confirming a chapter 9 plan or
reach an agreement with the affected parties); In re Cnty. of Orange, 183 B.R. 594, 607
(Bankr. C.D. Cal. 1995) (“Orange County”) (finding a comprehensive settlement
agreement along with other steps taken sufficiently demonstrated efforts to resolve
claims which satisfied § 109(c)(4)); In re Sullivan County Reg'l Refuse Disposal Dist., 165
B.R. 60, 76 (Bankr. D.N.H. 1994) (“Sullivan County”) (finding a draft plan of adjustment
post petition met the requirement of § 109(c)(4)).
The City filed a Qualification Statement signed by the City Manager that stated
under penalty of perjury that the City desires to effect a plan to adjust its debts. The
Court places little weight on the Qualification Statement, recognizing that any
municipality could prepare that conclusionary document. The Court notes, however,
the following additional steps which demonstrate desire: preparing and presenting the
Budget Report at the public meeting of the Mayor and Common Council on July 10,
2012; preparing and presenting the staff report to the Common Council on July 18,
2012; conducting open public meeting discussions of what these reports projected as
the City’s financial future; voting to declare a fiscal emergency and approve the
resolutions; preparing a cash flow analysis report; preparing the Fiscal Emergency Plan,
which was presented to the Common Council and approved before the petition date;
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preparing and discussing the Pre-Pendency Plan at the Common Council meetings in late
August 2012 and then approving the Pre-Pendency Plan as adjusted by a 9-Point
Adjustment Plan in September 2012 and on October 1, 2012; and approving its
Pendency Plan on November 26, 2012. These actions are of public record and they
objectively demonstrate that the City desired to effect a plan.
These uncontroverted facts sufficiently show that after taking steps to cut costs
and raise revenue, the City—faced with a 45.9 million dollar cash deficit—had little
choice but to restructure its debt. Prior to filing, the City had depleted any reserves it
had in its general fund and had cut salaries and jobs of its employees. These cuts had
already negatively impacted City services and safety. The Budget Report also indicated
that the City liquidated what assets it could and had made limited attempts to raise its
revenue. Upon filing its chapter 9 petition, the City defaulted on numerous obligations,
including payments owed to CalPERS, health benefit payments owed to retirees and
payments owed to pension obligation bondholders and other bondholders.
The Pre-Pendency Plan and Budget Report reinforced the reality that the City did
not have enough money to pay all of its contracts and would need to impair contracts,
voluntarily or otherwise, in order to achieve a balanced budget. The City did this with its
employees; the City reached agreements with four of its seven unions on modifications
to their respective collective bargaining agreements and voted to impose modifications
on the remaining three unions. The undisputed circumstances which precipitated the
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City’s filing and the steps taken after the petition date show that the City began
implementation of the steps necessary to restructure its debt.
The sparse reported case law where a municipality was found ineligible under §
109(c)(4) turned on filing to evade a creditor. In Sullivan County, a bankruptcy court
found that the decision to file chapter 9 was a litigation tactic to hold off the major
creditor’s “threatened shut-out. “ Sullivan County, 165 B.R. at 82. In that case, the
option to file chapter 9 was not memorialized on the written agenda of the board
meeting and there was no evidence that the district engaged in a discussion regarding
what type of plan might be appropriate under chapter 9. Rather, the district filed
preemptively to ward off a threatened action of its only creditor, which caused the court
to declare it ineligible under § 109(c)(4). Id.
The triggering event that often forces a bankruptcy filing under other chapters is
aggressive creditor activity, but this is not the case here. Unlike the single major
creditor scenario in Sullivan County, the City’s decision to file chapter 9 was a logical and
arguably inevitable result of a debt structure that it could no longer keep current. Faced
with inevitable default on its obligations because of insufficient cash, the City took the
affirmative step to file chapter 9 so that it could restructure the debt and impair the
creditors as necessary to achieve a balanced budget.18
18 As noted previously, the precise date the City filed its petition was driven by the steps a civil rights judgment
creditor was taking to execute on the City’s bank accounts. However, the resolutions to declare a fiscal emergency
and file the petition had been passed two weeks prior and before the creditor action was threatened.
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CalPERS contends that to determine the City’s intent, it is entitled to depose the
relevant decision-makers for the City. When conducting the § 109(c)(4) inquiry, courts
have only looked at the municipality’s objective actions as an entity. Vallejo, 408 B.R. at
295; In re City of Stockton, Cal., 475 B.R. 720, 726 (Bankr. E.D. Cal. 2012); In re Pierce
Cnty. Hous. Auth., 414 B.R. 702, 710 (Bankr. W.D. Wash. 2009). The subjective intent of
an individual councilmember is immaterial in determining whether a municipal body
had the requisite intent or good faith.
CalPERS argues that the adoption of the Pendency Plan is not evidence of a
“desire to effect” because the Court put pressure on the City to adopt it. The objective
fact is the City did adopt the Pendency Plan in November 2012 and the Court may
consider this as evidence of desire.
CalPERS asserts that § 109(c)(4) requires some form of plan of adjustment be
presented to creditors prior to filing and that the City have staff tasked to prepare and
formulate the plan immediately post petition. CalPERS also argues that the admittedly
woeful state of the City’s financial records upon and after filing make desire impossible
to achieve. The Court disagrees that those factors defeat a showing under § 109(c)(4).
The lack of an early plan might have an impact on some of the alternative prongs of §
109(c)(5), but not on desire. And the disarray of the City’s financial books more
persuasively enforces why it needed a breathing space to get them in order before it
could effect the plan of adjustment.
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It is widely endorsed that “no bright-line test exists for determining whether a
debtor desires to effect a plan because of the highly subjective nature of the inquiry
under § 109(c)(4).” Vallejo, 408 B.R. at 295; Stockton, 475 B.R. at 726; Pierce County,
414 B.R. at 710; Boise County, 465 B.R. at 169. Moreover, the cases CalPERS cites to for
this proposition are not specific to a determination of intent for purposes of § 109(c)(4)
and thus offer no persuasive weight. As such, the fact the City did not have some form
of plan in place at the Petition Date is immaterial.
Other factors that CalPERS argues defeat “desire” such as the cash outs to
terminating employees just before the filing date, the negotiation of civil rights
settlements upon which the City immediately defaulted, and the payments post petition
of some prepetition bills are all issues which need to be addressed in any plan before it
can be approved by the Court. But they are not material to “desire;” nor is the fact that
the City did not have a method in mind to address the immediate post petition defaults
to CalPERS. Again, those are plan issues and must be addressed in the course of
negotiating or litigating treatment in the plan.
Finally, CalPERS submits that the uncontroverted fact that the City’s Water Fund
had a large cash balance before and after the petition date which the City did not tap to
attempt to balance its books is evidence of lack of desire to effect a plan. This argument
has no legal legs. It is a matter of California constitutional law that the City may not use
funds belonging to the Water Department for general fund purposes. Amendments to
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the Constitution enacted by Proposition 218 in 1996, which added Articles XIIIC and
XIIID, expanded restrictions on local government revenue-raising and imposed
limitations on local government use of special fees, including water and sewer fees. C.A.
Const. art. XIIIC and XIIID. Article XIIID covers water fees and prohibits the use of such
fees for general governmental services, including police, fire and other services. Bighorn
Desert View Water Agency v. Verjil, 39 Cal. 4th 205, 216-17 (2006); Richmond v. Shasta
Cmty. Servs. Dist., 32 Cal. 4th 409 (2004). Thus, the City was legally prohibited by the
California Constitution from using Water Department funds for general fund purposes.
Similarly, the City could not have borrowed funds from the Water Department
without incurring debt that it could not repay within one year. Article XVI, Section 18 of
the Constitution prohibits the City from incurring a debt in any year that exceeds the
available revenues of the City for that year without the approval of a two-thirds vote of
qualified voters. C.A. Const. art. XVI, § 18. Looking at its dire financial status in July
2012, the City could not reasonably conclude that it would be able to repay to the
Water Fund any loans it made within that fiscal year. The Water Fund cash was thereby
out of reach to address the City’s insolvency and this issue is an outlier to the Court’s
analysis.
Accordingly, the uncontroverted facts provide a broad basis on which the Court
may find that the City has shown a desire to effect a plan by giving an official statement
of its intent to adjust its debt, taking actions to approve a Pendency Plan, and by
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circumstantial evidence that indicated the City needed relief in a chapter 9 proceeding
to give it space to restructure its debt.
II) Good Faith: § 921(c)
Section 921(c) provides that a court may dismiss a chapter 9 petition if the debtor
did not file the petition in good faith. Pierce County, 414 B.R. at 714. “Unlike the
eligibility requirements of § 109(c), the court's power to dismiss a petition under §
921(c) is permissive, not mandatory.” Id. Although Judge Klein in Stockton II, 493 B.R. at
794-795, concluded that a rebuttable presumption arises when the City meets its
burden under § 109(c), this Court need not shift the burden because it finds that the
City has met its burden by a preponderance of the evidence and shown that its chapter
9 petition was filed in good faith.
In Pierce County, the court found that relevant facts to the good faith analysis
include “(i) the debtor's subjective beliefs; (ii) whether the debtor's financial problems
fall within the situations contemplated by chapter 9; (iii) whether the debtor filed its
chapter 9 petition for reasons consistent with the purposes of chapter 9; (iv) the extent
of the debtor's prepetition negotiations, if practicable; (v) the extent that alternatives to
chapter 9 were considered; and (vi) the scope and nature of the debtor's financial
problems.” Pierce County, 414 B.R. at 714. Courts look to objective acts of a city to
determine good faith. In re Town of Westlake, Tex., 211 B.R. 860, 868 (Bankr. N.D. Tex.
1997) (finding that the chapter 9 debtor filed in good faith because it faced “frozen
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funds, multiple litigation, and disannexation of a substantial portion of its tax base.”);
Stockton II, 493 B.R. at 794-95 (looking to the city’s effort to cut spending, its cash and
service insolvency, its efforts to negotiate with creditors, and its inability to achieve
significant reductions without being able to impair contracts, to find that the § 921(c)
good faith presumption was strong). As in many other considerations of good faith in
the context of bankruptcy, the test is a totality of the circumstances where the Court is
given the power to weigh the numerous factors in light of the circumstances as a whole
in determining whether good faith is lacking.19
The Court finds that the City filed in good faith by relying on uncontroverted
facts. At the July 18, 2012 meeting, the Common Council adopted Resolution 2012-205,
declaring a fiscal emergency. In Resolution 2012-205, the Common Council made the
official findings that (1) the City was or would be unable to pay its obligations within the
next 60 days, and that the financial state of the City jeopardized the health, safety, or
well-being of the residents of the City absent the protections of chapter 9 of the United
States Bankruptcy Code; and (2) given the City’s dire financial condition, it was in the
best interest of the City to declare a fiscal emergency. The Common Council, as an
authoritative body, did so because they knew that the City was insolvent and believed
19 The Court notes parenthetically that the counter to good faith is bad faith, which often arises in the context of
other bankruptcy matters. Evidence of bad faith is concealing assets, lying to the court, multiple and abusive
filings – all of them affirmative acts of bad behavior. None of the typical bad faith factors are argued to the Court
in this proceeding.
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that the City could no longer pay its employees on July 1st without impairing contracts.
The Court finds that this factor weighs in favor of a finding of good faith.
The City’s financial problems fall within the situations contemplated by chapter 9.
Here, the City cannot achieve a balanced budget unless it is allowed to reorganize its
debt. The City cannot keep current with its mounting obligations because it is insolvent.
The City’s filing is consistent with the purposes of chapter 9, which is to give a debtor a
“breathing spell” so that it may establish a plan of adjustment. In re Cnty. of Orange,
183 B.R. 594, 607 (Bankr. C.D. Cal. 1995). The findings in Resolution 2012-205
demonstrate that the City filed the Petition for this exact purpose.
Although the Court finds that the City did not engage in meaningful prepetition
negotiations with its creditors, did not seriously consider alternatives to filing chapter 9
(other than those considered in the Budget Report) when faced with the severe cash
flow shortage in July 2012, honored its contractual obligations to its terminating
employees by paying large cash outs just before the petition date, and was generally
unprepared to formulate a plan of adjustment either before or soon after it filed, none
of these uncontroverted facts add up to lack of good faith in filing. Were the purposes
of chapter 9—to give a municipality a breathing space from a cash crunch and an
opportunity to address its long term solvency through an organized process of
proposing a long term plan of adjustment—met here? The Court answers this question
“yes.” Was there an alternative available to the City when it was faced with a $45.9
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million cash deficit in the upcoming fiscal year and inevitably was going to default on its
obligations as they came due? The Court answers this question “no.” To deny the
opportunity to reorganize in chapter 9 based on lack of good faith would be to ignore
fiscal reality and the general purposes of the Bankruptcy Code. The Court will not deny
that opportunity.
Even if the Court were to find that the City did not file in good faith, which it
declines to do, case law instructs that the dismissal is not mandatory. Pierce County,
414 B.R. at 714. Having had a firsthand view of this City and its struggles, the attitudes
and actions of its major creditors, the concerns of its unions, particularly the safety
employees, and the paucity of options for a City with such substantial, undisputed fiscal
woes, this Court would exercise its discretion to not dismiss this case.
Almost no cases have addressed this permissive nature of § 921(c), but the Court
can take some instruction from the Ninth circuit in In re City of Desert Hot Springs, 339
F.3d 782 (9th Cir. 2003), where the circuit ruled that an order denying a motion to
dismiss under § 921(c) and objections to eligibility is an interlocutory order which
cannot be appealed without leave of the BAP, which in that case had been denied. In
reaching its decision that the ruling was not final, the Ninth circuit found that there was
no irreparable injury to the movant that could not be addressed after finality:
The denial of an objection to and a motion to dismiss a chapter 9 bankruptcy
does not irreparably injure a party so that later addressing the issue would be
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futile. We therefore hold that such a denial is not a final decision and cannot
be immediately appealed to this court.
Id. at 792.
In reaching this conclusion, which is contrary to a similar denial of a motion to
dismiss for bad faith in a chapter 11 case, the Ninth circuit observed that the purpose
and statutory scheme of a chapter 9 proceeding were different than those in chapter
11, but also found that a creditor was not without further remedy if its motion to
dismiss was denied by the bankruptcy court.
When determining whether an order is final, in the context of objections to
and motions to dismiss a bankruptcy, our cases are concerned with whether
an order finally determines an issue in such a way that addressing the issue
later would not serve to prevent a party from suffering irreparable injury.
[citations omitted] A court’s denial of such a motion merely allows the
municipality to proceed with the bankruptcy. We are not convinced that
Congress’s whole municipal bankruptcy statutory scheme is so skewed in
favor of the municipality that the commencement of proceedings itself causes
irreparable injury. To so hold would essentially say that a creditor’s rights are
determined before the bankruptcy process really begins.
Id. at 790.
This holding instructs this Court that by granting eligibility for the City and
overruling CalPERS objections, the Court is not condemning CalPERS to an unfair or
injurious outcome in the proceeding. The plan process is complex and will be lengthy,
involving potentially extensive negotiations before the Court-appointed mediator. This
Court is well aware, as observed by Judge Klein in his City of Stockton opinions, that
most chapter 9 plans are consensual, having been achieved after good faith and willing
participation in a mediation process. However, if that process fails to reach consensus,
ultimate approval of any plan of adjustment lies with this Court, which would have to
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bless any creditor impairment. CalPERS will have further opportunities to argue its
potential injury to the Court and to protect its interests, just as the other creditors have
those remedies.
As the Court observed when making its oral ruling on this motion, at least six
other major creditors or classes of creditors exist here: the guarantors of the Pension
Obligation Bonds20; the guarantors of other general obligation bonds; the police and fire
unions; the remaining five unions of City employees; the potential class of unsecured
creditors (which might have subclasses); and the potential class of City retirees. Each of
these creditor groups stands to be substantially impacted by the City’s chapter 9
proceeding21; each of these creditor groups was given the opportunity to object to the
City’s eligibility or good faith in filing. None of them objected because they conceded
the City was insolvent and needed a long term, orderly process to sort out its finances
and propose a path out of its abyss. The Court rightly notes that the best interest of all
these creditor groups is served by proceeding forward in chapter 9.
Only the interest of CalPERS would be served if the Court dismissed this case.
Exactly how that interest would be served is far from crystal clear. The cash deficit of
the City is real and unchallenged. The City cannot pay its obligations with money it does
not presently have. Impairment of contracts seems inevitable in order for the City to
20 The Pension Obligation Bonds were issued in the mid-2000’s to generate a substantial cash paydown by the City
of its unfunded liabilities to CalPERS. As a result CalPERS benefited from the cash generated by these bonds.
21 Almost all have already been impacted at least short term because the City has deferred payments to these
classes of debt since the petition date.
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OPINION - 32
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reach cash stability and only the chapter 9 process accords the City the legal opportunity
to do so. How far that impairment might reach is a question to be negotiated or
answered by this Court on a later day. Dismissal would leave this quagmire without
orderly court oversight. This Court believes that oversight is critical to the financial
future of the City and its creditors.
Conclusion
The purposes of chapter 9 are met by this proceeding. The integrity of the
bankruptcy system is not offended by this proceeding. The City, its citizens, and its
creditors deserve a chance to achieve an orderly financial future. The Court finds the
City of San Bernardino eligible to proceed in its chapter 9 case.
###
Date: October 16, 2013
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In re: City of San Bernardino California
Debtor(s).
CHAPTER: 9
CASE NUMBER: RS 6:12-bk-28006-MJ
This form is mandatory. It has been approved for use by the United States Bankruptcy Court for the Central District of California.
January 2009 F 9021-1.1
NOTE TO USERS OF THIS FORM:
1) Attach this form to the last page of a proposed Order or Judgment. Do not file as a separate document.
2) The title of the judgment or order and all service information must be filled in by the party lodging the order.
3) Category I. below: The United States trustee and case trustee (if any) will always be in this category.
4) Category II. below: List ONLY addresses for debtor (and attorney), movant (or attorney) and person/entity (or attorney)
who filed an opposition to the requested relief. DO NOT list an address if person/entity is listed in category I.
NOTICE OF ENTERED ORDER AND SERVICE LIST
Notice is given by the court that the attached order was entered on the date indicated as AEntered@ on the first page of
this judgment or order and will be served in the manner indicated below:
I. SERVED BY THE COURT VIA NOTICE OF ELECTRONIC FILING (ANEF@) B Pursuant to controlling General Order(s) and
Local Bankruptcy Rule(s), I, deputy clerk who is making this entry; certify that service on all parties under Section II was completed,
the foregoing document was served on the following person(s) by the court via NEF and hyperlink to the judgment or order. The
following person(s) are currently on the Electronic Mail Notice List for this bankruptcy case or adversary proceeding to receive NEF
transmission at the email address(es) indicated below.
Jerrold Abeles on behalf of Interested Party Ambac Assurance Company
abeles.jerry@arentfox.com, labarreda.vivian@arentfox.com
Jerrold Abeles on behalf of Interested Party Erste Europische Pfandbrief-und Kommunalkreditbank AG
abeles.jerry@arentfox.com, labarreda.vivian@arentfox.com
Jerrold Abeles on behalf of Interested Party Wells Fargo Bank, N.A.
abeles.jerry@arentfox.com, labarreda.vivian@arentfox.com
Franklin C Adams on behalf of Creditor San Bernardino Associated Governments
franklin.adams@bbklaw.com, arthur.johnston@bbklaw.com;lisa.spencer@bbklaw.com;bknotices@bbklaw.com
Franklin C Adams on behalf of Creditor San Bernardino Local Agency Formation Commission
franklin.adams@bbklaw.com, arthur.johnston@bbklaw.com;lisa.spencer@bbklaw.com;bknotices@bbklaw.com
Franklin C Adams on behalf of Interested Party Courtesy NEF
franklin.adams@bbklaw.com, arthur.johnston@bbklaw.com;lisa.spencer@bbklaw.com;bknotices@bbklaw.com
Joseph M Adams on behalf of Interested Party Courtesy NEF
jadams@adamspham.com
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Main Document Page 33 of 42

In re: City of San Bernardino California
Debtor(s).
CHAPTER: 9
CASE NUMBER: RS 6:12-bk-28006-MJ
This form is mandatory. It has been approved for use by the United States Bankruptcy Court for the Central District of California.
January 2009 F 9021-1.1
Andrew K Alper on behalf of Interested Party Courtesy NEF
aalper@frandzel.com, efiling@frandzel.com;ekidder@frandzel.com
Thomas V Askounis on behalf of Interested Party Courtesy NEF
taskounis@askounisdarcy.com
Julie A Belezzuoli on behalf of Defendant California Department of Finance
julie.belezzuoli@kayescholer.com
Julie A Belezzuoli on behalf of Defendant Office of State Controller, State of California
julie.belezzuoli@kayescholer.com
Julie A Belezzuoli on behalf of Defendant Ana J Matosantos
julie.belezzuoli@kayescholer.com
Julie A Belezzuoli on behalf of Defendant John Chiang
julie.belezzuoli@kayescholer.com
Anthony Bisconti on behalf of Creditor Certain Retired Employees of the City of San Bernardino
tbisconti@bmkattorneys.com, admin@bmkattorneys.com
Anthony Bisconti on behalf of Interested Party Courtesy NEF
tbisconti@bmkattorneys.com, admin@bmkattorneys.com
Brett Bissett on behalf of Creditor California Public Employees' Retirement System
brett.bissett@klgates.com, carolyn.orphey@klgates.com;klgatesbankruptcy@klgates.com
Brett Bissett on behalf of Interested Party Courtesy NEF
brett.bissett@klgates.com, carolyn.orphey@klgates.com;klgatesbankruptcy@klgates.com
Jeffrey E Bjork on behalf of Interested Party Courtesy NEF
jbjork@sidley.com
Michael D Boutell on behalf of Creditor Comerica Bank
mdbell@comerica.com
J Scott Bovitz on behalf of Creditor U.S. TelePacific Corp.
bovitz@bovitz-spitzer.com
John A Boyd on behalf of Interested Party Courtesy NEF
fednotice@tclaw.net
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Main Document Page 34 of 42

In re: City of San Bernardino California
Debtor(s).
CHAPTER: 9
CASE NUMBER: RS 6:12-bk-28006-MJ
This form is mandatory. It has been approved for use by the United States Bankruptcy Court for the Central District of California.
January 2009 F 9021-1.1
John A Boyd on behalf of Interested Party Thompson & Colegate LLP
fednotice@tclaw.net
Jeffrey W Broker on behalf of Creditor The Glen Aire Mobilehome Park Corporation
jbroker@brokerlaw.biz
Jeffrey W Broker on behalf of Interested Party Courtesy NEF
jbroker@brokerlaw.biz
Deana M Brown on behalf of Interested Party Courtesy NEF
dbrown@milbank.com
Michael J Bujold on behalf of U.S. Trustee United States Trustee (RS)
Michael.J.Bujold@usdoj.gov
Shirley Cho on behalf of Interested Party National Public Finance Guarantee Corp.
scho@pszjlaw.com
Alicia Clough on behalf of Defendant California Department of Finance
alicia.clough@kayescholer.com, managingattorneyofficeassignments@kayescholer.com
Alicia Clough on behalf of Defendant Office of State Controller, State of California
alicia.clough@kayescholer.com, managingattorneyofficeassignments@kayescholer.com
Alicia Clough on behalf of Defendant State of California
alicia.clough@kayescholer.com, managingattorneyofficeassignments@kayescholer.com
Alicia Clough on behalf of Defendant Ana J Matosantos
alicia.clough@kayescholer.com, managingattorneyofficeassignments@kayescholer.com
Alicia Clough on behalf of Defendant John Chiang
alicia.clough@kayescholer.com, managingattorneyofficeassignments@kayescholer.com
Marc S Cohen on behalf of Defendant California Department of Finance
mcohen@kayescholer.com, dhernandez@kayescholer.com
Marc S Cohen on behalf of Defendant Office of State Controller, State of California
mcohen@kayescholer.com, dhernandez@kayescholer.com
Marc S Cohen on behalf of Defendant State of California
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Main Document Page 35 of 42

In re: City of San Bernardino California
Debtor(s).
CHAPTER: 9
CASE NUMBER: RS 6:12-bk-28006-MJ
This form is mandatory. It has been approved for use by the United States Bankruptcy Court for the Central District of California.
January 2009 F 9021-1.1
mcohen@kayescholer.com, dhernandez@kayescholer.com
Marc S Cohen on behalf of Defendant Ana J Matosantos
mcohen@kayescholer.com, dhernandez@kayescholer.com
Marc S Cohen on behalf of Defendant John Chiang
mcohen@kayescholer.com, dhernandez@kayescholer.com
Ronald R Cohn on behalf of Interested Party Courtesy NEF
rcohn@horganrosen.com
Christopher H Conti on behalf of Interested Party San Bernardino Public Employees Association
chc@sdlaborlaw.com, sak@sdlaborlaw.com
Christopher J Cox on behalf of Interested Party National Public Finance Guarantee Corp.
chris.cox@weil.com, janine.chong@weil.com
Christina M Craige on behalf of Interested Party Courtesy NEF
ccraige@sidley.com
Alex Darcy on behalf of Creditor Marquette Bank
adarcy@askounisdarcy.com, akapai@askounisdarcy.com
Susan S Davis on behalf of Interested Party Courtesy NEF
sdavis@coxcastle.com
Robert H Dewberry on behalf of Creditor Allison Mechanical, Inc.
robert.dewberry@dewlaw.net
Todd J Dressel on behalf of Creditor Pinnacle Public Finance, Inc.
dressel@chapman.com, lubecki@chapman.com
Chrysta L Elliott on behalf of Interested Party Courtesy NEF
elliottc@ballardspahr.com, manthiek@ballardspahr.com
Scott Ewing on behalf of Interested Party Rust Consulting/Omni Bankruptcy
contact@omnimgt.com, sewing@omnimgt.com;katie@omnimgt.com
John A Farmer on behalf of Creditor County of San Bernardino, California
jfarmer@orrick.com
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In re: City of San Bernardino California
Debtor(s).
CHAPTER: 9
CASE NUMBER: RS 6:12-bk-28006-MJ
This form is mandatory. It has been approved for use by the United States Bankruptcy Court for the Central District of California.
January 2009 F 9021-1.1
Brian W Freeman on behalf of Creditor Kim Thompson
brian@pedigolaw.com, brian@brianwfreeman.com
Victoria C Geary on behalf of Defendant California State Board Of Equalization
victoria.geary@boe.ca.gov
Victoria C Geary on behalf of Defendant Cynthia Bridges
victoria.geary@boe.ca.gov
Paul R. Glassman on behalf of Attorney Paul R. Glassman
pglassman@sycr.com
Paul R. Glassman on behalf of Debtor City of San Bernardino, California
pglassman@sycr.com
Paul R. Glassman on behalf of Plaintiff City of San Bernardino, California
pglassman@sycr.com
Robert P Goe on behalf of Creditor Miramontes Const. Co., Inc.
kmurphy@goeforlaw.com, rgoe@goeforlaw.com;mforsythe@goeforlaw.com
David M Goodrich on behalf of Creditor San Bernardino City Professional Firefighters Local 891
dgoodrich@marshackhays.com, ecfmarshackhays@gmail.com
Christian Graham on behalf of Creditor Miramontes Const. Co., Inc.
cgraham23@dlblaw.net
Everett L Green on behalf of U.S. Trustee United States Trustee (RS)
everett.l.green@usdoj.gov
Chad V Haes on behalf of Creditor San Bernardino City Professional Firefighters Local 891
chaes@marshackhays.com, ecfmarshackhays@gmail.com
Chad V Haes on behalf of Interested Party Courtesy NEF
chaes@marshackhays.com, ecfmarshackhays@gmail.com
James A Hayes on behalf of Interested Party Courtesy NEF
jhayes@jamesahayesaplc.com
M Jonathan Hayes on behalf of Interested Party Courtesy NEF
jhayes@srhlawfirm.com,
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In re: City of San Bernardino California
Debtor(s).
CHAPTER: 9
CASE NUMBER: RS 6:12-bk-28006-MJ
This form is mandatory. It has been approved for use by the United States Bankruptcy Court for the Central District of California.
January 2009 F 9021-1.1
roksana@srhlawfirm.com;carolyn@srhlawfirm.com;shawnj@srhlawfirm.com;rosarioz@srhlawfirm.com;jhayesecf@gmail.com;j@alk
azian.com
D Edward Hays on behalf of Creditor San Bernardino City Professional Firefighters Local 891
ehays@marshackhays.com, ecfmarshackhays@gmail.com
Eric M Heller on behalf of Interested Party Courtesy NEF
eric.m.heller@irscounsel.treas.gov
Jeffery D Hermann on behalf of Creditor County of San Bernardino, California
jhermann@orrick.com
Jeffery D Hermann on behalf of Defendant County of San Bernardino
jhermann@orrick.com
Bonnie M Holcomb on behalf of Interested Party Courtesy NEF
bonnie.holcomb@doj.ca.gov, rosita.eduardo@doj.ca.gov
Whitman L Holt on behalf of Interested Party Courtesy NEF
wholt@ktbslaw.com
Michelle C Hribar on behalf of Interested Party San Bernardino Public Employees Association
mch@sdlaborlaw.com
Steven J Katzman on behalf of Creditor Certain Retired Employees of the City of San Bernardino
SKatzman@bmkattorneys.com, admin@bmkattorneys.com
Steven J Katzman on behalf of Interested Party Courtesy NEF
SKatzman@bmkattorneys.com, admin@bmkattorneys.com
Jane Kespradit on behalf of Interested Party Courtesy NEF
jane.kespradit@limruger.com, amy.lee@limruger.com
Mette H Kurth on behalf of Interested Party Ambac Assurance Company
kurth.mette@arentfox.com
Mette H Kurth on behalf of Interested Party Erste Europische Pfandbrief-und Kommunalkreditbank AG
kurth.mette@arentfox.com
Mette H Kurth on behalf of Interested Party Wells Fargo Bank, N.A.
kurth.mette@arentfox.com
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Main Document Page 38 of 42

In re: City of San Bernardino California
Debtor(s).
CHAPTER: 9
CASE NUMBER: RS 6:12-bk-28006-MJ
This form is mandatory. It has been approved for use by the United States Bankruptcy Court for the Central District of California.
January 2009 F 9021-1.1
Mette H Kurth on behalf of Trustee Ambac Assurance Company, Erste Europaische Pfandbrief-Und Kommunalkreditbank Ag And
Wells Fargo Bank, N.A.
kurth.mette@arentfox.com
Sandra W Lavigna on behalf of Interested Party U. S. Securities and Exchange Commission
lavignas@sec.gov
Michael B Lubic on behalf of Creditor California Public Employees' Retirement System
michael.lubic@klgates.com, jonathan.randolph@klgates.com
Michael B Lubic on behalf of Interested Party California Public Employees' Retirement System
michael.lubic@klgates.com, jonathan.randolph@klgates.com
Richard A Marshack on behalf of Interested Party Courtesy NEF
rmarshack@marshackhays.com, lbergini@marshackhays.com;ecfmarshackhays@gmail.com
David J McCarty on behalf of Interested Party David J. McCarty
dmccarty@sheppardmullin.com
Reed M Mercado on behalf of Interested Party M. Reed Mercado
rmercado@sheppardmullin.com
Fred Neufeld on behalf of Debtor City of San Bernardino, California
fneufeld@sycr.com
Fred Neufeld on behalf of Plaintiff City of San Bernardino, California
fneufeld@sycr.com
Aron M Oliner on behalf of Interested Party San Bernardino Police Officers Association
roliner@duanemorris.com
Scott H Olson on behalf of Creditor Kohl's Department Stores, Inc.
solson@seyfarth.com
Dean G Rallis, Jr on behalf of Interested Party Courtesy NEF
drallis@sulmeyerlaw.com
Christopher O Rivas on behalf of Interested Party Courtesy NEF
crivas@reedsmith.com
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Main Document Page 39 of 42

In re: City of San Bernardino California
Debtor(s).
CHAPTER: 9
CASE NUMBER: RS 6:12-bk-28006-MJ
This form is mandatory. It has been approved for use by the United States Bankruptcy Court for the Central District of California.
January 2009 F 9021-1.1
Kenneth N Russak on behalf of Interested Party Courtesy NEF
krussak@frandzel.com, efiling@frandzel.com;dmoore@frandzel.com
Gregory M Salvato on behalf of Interested Party Courtesy NEF
gsalvato@salvatolawoffices.com, calendar@salvatolawoffices.com
Mark C Schnitzer on behalf of Attorney Mark C. Schnitzer
mschnitzer@rhlaw.com, mcschnitzer@gmail.com
Diane S Shaw on behalf of Interested Party Courtesy NEF
diane.shaw@doj.ca.gov
Ariella T Simonds on behalf of Interested Party Courtesy NEF
asimonds@sidley.com
Leonard Steiner on behalf of Defendant Jose Munoz
ls@steinerlibo.com, jasoncarter@steinerlibo.com;aam@steinerlibo.com
Jason D Strabo on behalf of Creditor U.S. Bank National Association, not individually, but as Indenture Trustee
jstrabo@mwe.com, cnorris@mwe.com
Cathy Ta on behalf of Interested Party Courtesy NEF
cathy.ta@bbklaw.com, Arthur.Johnston@bbklaw.com;lisa.spencer@bbklaw.com
Sheila Totorp on behalf of Creditor Landmark American Insurance Company
stotorp@clausen.com, jbrzezinski@clausen.com
Benjamin R Trachtman on behalf of Interested Party Courtesy NEF
btrachtman@trachtmanlaw.com, sstraka@trachtmanlaw.com
Matthew J Troy on behalf of Creditor United States of America
matthew.troy@usdoj.gov
United States Trustee (RS)
ustpregion16.rs.ecf@usdoj.gov
Anne A Uyeda on behalf of Interested Party Courtesy NEF
auyeda@bmkattorneys.com
Annie Verdries on behalf of Interested Party Courtesy NEF
verdries@lbbslaw.com, Autodocket@lbbslaw.com
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Main Document Page 40 of 42

In re: City of San Bernardino California
Debtor(s).
CHAPTER: 9
CASE NUMBER: RS 6:12-bk-28006-MJ
This form is mandatory. It has been approved for use by the United States Bankruptcy Court for the Central District of California.
January 2009 F 9021-1.1
Brian D Wesley on behalf of Interested Party Courtesy NEF
brian.wesley@doj.ca.gov
Kirsten A. Worley on behalf of Creditor Safeco Insurance Company Of America
kw@wlawcorp.com, admin@wlawcorp.com
Clarisse Young on behalf of Interested Party Courtesy NEF
youngshumaker@psmlawyers.com, sally@psmlawyers.com
Pamela Jan Zylstra on behalf of Interested Party Courtesy NEF
zylstralaw@gmail.com
G Service information continued on attached page
II. SERVED BY THE COURT VIA U.S. MAIL: I deputy clerk who is making this entry; certify that service on all parties under
Section II was completed, A copy of this notice and a true copy of this judgment or order was sent by United States Mail, first class,
postage prepaid, to the following person(s) and/or entity(ies) at the address(es) indicated below:
City of San Bernardino, California
City Hall
300 North "D" Street
San Bernardino, CA 92418
G Service information continued on attached page
III. TO BE SERVED BY THE LODGING PARTY: Within 72 hours after receipt of a copy of this judgment or order which bears
an AEntered@ stamp, the party lodging the judgment or order will serve a complete copy bearing an AEntered@ stamp by U.S. Mail,
overnight mail, facsimile transmission or email and file a proof of service of the entered order on the following person(s) and/or
entity(ies) at the address(es), facsimile transmission number(s), and/or email address(es) indicated below:
G Service information continued on attached page
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Main Document Page 41 of 42

In re: City of San Bernardino California
Debtor(s).
CHAPTER: 9
CASE NUMBER: RS 6:12-bk-28006-MJ
This form is mandatory. It has been approved for use by the United States Bankruptcy Court for the Central District of California.
January 2009 F 9021-1.1
ADDITIONAL SERVICE INFORMATION (if needed):
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