Willie Turner v. Toni Reynolds

SECOND DIVISION
DOYLE, P. J.,
DAVIS, J., and SENIOR JUDGE FULLER

NOTICE: Motions for reconsideration must be
physically received in our clerk’s office within ten
days of the date of decision to be deemed timely filed.
https://www.gaappeals.gov/rules

May 12, 2026

In the Court of Appeals of Georgia
A26A0210. TURNER v. REYNOLDS.

FULLER, Senior Judge.

In this domestic relations case, Willie Turner appeals from the trial court’s

ruling denying his motion to set aside an order finding him in contempt, arguing that

he did not receive proper notice of the contempt hearing. As set forth below, we agree

and reverse.

“A trial court’s decision regarding a motion to set aside a judgment will not be

reversed absent a showing of manifest abuse of discretion.” Williams v. Contemporary

Servs. Corp., 325 Ga. App. 299, 300 (750 SE2d 460) (2013) (quotation marks omitted).

A trial court abuses its discretion when its ruling “is unsupported by any evidence of
record” or “misstates or misapplies the relevant law.” Eagle Jets, LLC v. Atlanta Jet,

Inc., 347 Ga. App. 567, 576(2)(c) (820 SE2d 197) (2018) (quotation marks omitted).

Turner and his ex-wife, Toni Reynolds, divorced in 2019. In 2024, Reynolds

filed in DeKalb County Superior Court a pro se petition for contempt, alleging that

Turner owed her back child support, had failed to provide their minor child with

medical insurance or pay for the child’s orthodontia, and owed her additional sums

under the divorce decree. Turner filed a pro se response to the petition, disputing the

amounts owed and asserting an inability to comply with the divorce decree. The

response included Turner’s physical mailing address and phone number, but not his

email address. The matter was then set for a video hearing. The original order noticing

the hearing was served on Turner electronically and by regular mail, but the

subsequent rule nisi resetting the hearing for February 5, 2025, was not served by mail.

After Turner failed to appear at the February hearing, the trial court found him

in contempt and ordered him incarcerated until he made a purge payment of $5,000.

Turner filed a motion to set aside the contempt order pursuant to OCGA § 9-11-

60(d)(3) on the basis that he had not been properly notified of the hearing because he

never agreed to be electronically served with notices in the case under OCGA § 9-11-

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5(f). The trial court denied Turner’s motion,1 and he filed a counseled application for

discretionary review, which this Court granted. This appeal follows.

Turner contends the trial court erred in denying his motion to set aside because

he was not served with notice of the contempt hearing in the manner prescribed by

statute. We agree.

Pursuant to OCGA § 9-11-60(d)(3), a judgment may be set aside based on a

“nonamendable defect which appears upon the face of the record or pleadings.” One

such defect is the failure to comply with the mandatory notice requirement of OCGA

§ 9-11-6(d). See, e.g., Randall v. Randall, 274 Ga. 107, 109(2) (549 SE2d 384) (2001);

Fiffee v. Jiggetts, 353 Ga. App. 730, 735(2) (839 SE2d 224) (2020).

Notice is fundamental to any legal proceeding. See Randall, 274 Ga. at 109(2)

(“A fundamental requirement of due process in any proceeding which is to be

accorded finality is notice that is reasonably calculated to inform interested parties of

an impending hearing and afford them an opportunity to present their objections.”

(quotation marks omitted)). Under OCGA § 9-11-6(d), as a general rule, notice of a

hearing “shall be served not later than five days before the time specified for the

1
Although the trial court denied Turner’s motion to set aside, it vacated the
final order’s incarceration provision, noting that he had made the purge payment.
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hearing.” Compliance with the notice requirement of OCGA § 9-11-6(d) is

mandatory, not discretionary. Randall, 274 Ga. at 109(2).

“Service of the notice of a hearing pursuant to OCGA § 9-11-6(d) is governed

by OCGA § 9-11-5(b).” Fiffee, 353 Ga. App. at 734(2). OCGA § 9-11-5(b) provides

that service upon a pro se party “shall be made by delivering a copy to the person to

be served or by mailing it to the person to be served at the person’s last known address

or, if no address is known, by leaving it with the clerk of the court.” The statute

defines “delivery of a copy” to mean “handing it to the person to be served,”

“leaving it at the person to be served’s dwelling house or usual place of abode with

some person of suitable age and discretion residing therein,” or “transmitting a copy

via email in portable document format (PDF) to the person to be served using all email

addresses provided pursuant to subsection (f) of [the statute] and showing in the

subject line of the email message the words ‘STATUTORY ELECTRONIC

SERVICE’ in capital letters.” OCGA § 9-11-5(b).

Furthermore, OCGA § 9-11-5(f)(1), which governs “[e]lectronic service of

pleadings,” provides:

A person to be served may consent to being served with pleadings
electronically by:

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(A) [f]iling a notice of consent to electronic service and including the
person to be served’s email address or addresses in such pleading; or

(B) [i]ncluding the person to be served’s email address or addresses in
or below the signature block of the complaint or answer, as applicable to
the person to be served.

(Emphasis supplied.) Importantly, forms of service other than those specified in

OCGA § 9-11-5(b) “are insufficient” to satisfy the requirements of OCGA § 9-11-6(d)

for providing notice of a hearing. Fiffee, 353 Ga. App. at 735 –37(2) (reversing trial

court’s denial of a motion to set aside the judgment on the basis that notice by

facsimile was insufficient to satisfy OCGA § 9-11-5(b)).

In this case, the trial court determined that Turner necessarily electronically

filed his answer to the petition for contempt,2 such that he was aware or should have

been aware that notices from the court would come electronically as well. The court

also pointed to a standing order requiring electronic filing in all of its civil cases and

requiring parties to petition for relief from the electronic filing requirement.3 Because

2
According to the trial court’s order, its Clerk of Court’s Office no longer
accepts paper copies of documents.
3
This order is not a part of the record on appeal, but DeKalb County Superior
Court’s Order Implementing Electronic-Filing for Civil Cases, issued on December
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Turner had not been granted relief from electronic filing and had been notified of the

February hearing by email and through the trial court’s electronic docket, the court

concluded that he was provided with proper notice, and it thereby declined to set aside

its contempt order.

Although OCGA § 9-11-5(b) allows notice to be delivered via email, that

authorization is limited by the plain language of the statute to “email addresses

provided pursuant to subsection (f).” See generally Cook-Rose v. Waffle House, Inc.,

320 Ga. 567, 569(2) (910 SE2d 562) (2024) (explaining that an appellate court “must

afford the statutory text its plain and ordinary meaning, . . . view the statutory text in

the context in which it appears, and . . . read the statutory text in its most natural and

reasonable way” (quotation marks omitted)). And OCGA § 9-11-5(f)(1) is clear that

a person may consent to electronic filing only by filing a notice of consent or by

including his email address in or below the signature block of the complaint or answer.

See id. Here, the record does not indicate that Turner filed a notice of consent to

electronic service. Nor did he include his email address in or below the signature block

of his response to the petition for contempt, which we construe as an answer for the

27, 2016, can be viewed on its website at https://www.dksuperiorclerk.com/civil/.
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purpose of applying OCGA § 9-11-5(f)(1)(B). See generally Razavi v. Emily, 371 Ga.

App. 878, 882(3) (903 SE2d 153) (2024) (“It is well settled that our appellate courts

look to the substance of a pleading, not merely its nomenclature.”). While Turner did

include his email address in the pre-printed signature blocks of the verification and

certificate of service filed with his response, neither of those filings can be construed

as an answer. And to the extent that DeKalb County Superior Court’s standing order

requiring electronic filing contravenes OCGA §§ 9-11-5 and 9-11-6, the standing order

is void. See Raintree Farms, Inc. v. Stripping Ctr., Ltd., 166 Ga. App. 848, 849(1) (305

SE2d 660) (1983) (explaining that to the extent that a local rule conflicts with the Civil

Practice Act, the local rule is void).

Because Turner did not consent to electronic service within the meaning of

OCGA § 9-11-5(f)(1), he did not receive notice of the contempt hearing as required

by OCGA § 9-11-6(d), and the trial court thereby abused its discretion in denying his

motion to set aside. See, e.g., Fiffee, 353 Ga. App. at 737(2); Saturday Enters., Inc. v.

Citizens Bank & Trust of W. Ga., 308 Ga. App. 491, 492 (707 SE2d 875) (2011).

Judgment reversed. Doyle, P. J., and Davis, J., concur.

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