Alan Navasca Serino v. MERRICK B. GARLAND, Attorney General

NOT FOR PUBLICATION
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT
ALAN NAVASCA SERINO,
Petitioner,
v.
MERRICK B. GARLAND, Attorney
General,
Respondent.
No. 16-72392
17-71881
Agency No. A200-154-269
MEMORANDUM*
On Petitions for Review of Orders of the
Board of Immigration Appeals
Submitted January 18, 2023**
Before: GRABER, PAEZ, and NGUYEN, Circuit Judges.
In this consolidated case, Alan Navasca Serino, a native and citizen of the
Philippines, petitions pro se for review of the Board of Immigration Appeals’
(“BIA”) orders dismissing his appeal from an immigration judge’s decision
denying his applications for asylum, withholding of removal, and protection under
* This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
** The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision
without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
FILED
JAN 23 2023
MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
U.S. COURT OF APPEALS

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the Convention Against Torture (“CAT”) (petition No. 16-72392) and the BIA’s
order denying his motion to reconsider (petition No. 17-71881). Our jurisdiction is
governed by 8 U.S.C. § 1252. We review for substantial evidence the agency’s
factual findings. Conde Quevedo v. Barr, 947 F.3d 1238, 1241 (9th Cir. 2020).
We review for abuse of discretion the denial of a motion to reconsider.
Mohammed v. Gonzales, 400 F.3d 785, 791 (9th Cir. 2005). In 16-72392, we deny
in part and dismiss in part the petition for review. In 17-71881, we deny the
petition for review.
As to petition No. 16-72392, we do not disturb the agency’s determination
that Serino failed to establish he suffered harm that rises to the level of
persecution. See Nagoulko v. INS, 333 F.3d 1012, 1016 (9th Cir. 2003)
(persecution is “an extreme concept that does not include every sort of treatment
our society regards as offensive”); see also Flores Molina v. Garland, 37 F.4th
626, 633 n.2 (9th Cir. 2022) (court need not resolve whether de novo or substantial
evidence review applies, where result would be the same under either standard).
We lack jurisdiction to consider Serino’s contention that he was a child soldier and
this experience constituted past persecution because he failed to raise this claim
before the agency. See Barron v. Ashcroft, 358 F.3d 674, 677-78 (9th Cir. 2004)
(court lacks jurisdiction to review claims not presented to the agency).
Substantial evidence supports the agency’s determination that Serino did not

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establish that the government of the Philippines is unable or unwilling to control
the agents of any feared persecution. See Castro-Perez v. Gonzales, 409 F.3d
1069, 1072 (9th Cir. 2005) (record did not compel a finding that the government
was unwilling or unable to control the feared harm).
Thus, Serino’s asylum and withholding of removal claims fail.
Substantial evidence also supports the agency’s denial of CAT protection
because Serino failed to show it is more likely than not he will be tortured by or
with the consent or acquiescence of the government if returned to the Philippines.
See Aden v. Holder, 589 F.3d 1040, 1047 (9th Cir. 2009).
As to petition No. 17-71881, the BIA did not abuse its discretion in denying
the motion to reconsider because Serino failed to identify any error of fact or law
in the BIA’s prior decision denying Serino’s motion to reopen. See 8 C.F.R.
§ 1003.2(b)(1); Ma v. Ashcroft, 361 F.3d 553, 558 (9th Cir. 2004) (“A petitioner’s
motion to reconsider must identify a legal or factual error in the BIA’s prior
decision.”).
We do not consider the materials Serino references in his opening briefs that
are not part of the administrative records. See Fisher v. INS, 79 F.3d 955, 963-64
(9th Cir. 1996) (en banc).
PETITION NO. 16-72392: DENIED in part; DISMISSED in part.
PETITION NO. 17-71881: DENIED.

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