Gina G. Muntz v. KILOLO KIJAKAZI, Acting Commissioner of Social Security

NOT FOR PUBLICATION
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT
GINA G. MUNTZ,
Plaintiff-Appellant,
v.
KILOLO KIJAKAZI, Acting Commissioner
of Social Security,
Defendant-Appellee.
No. 22-35174
D.C. No. 3:21-cv-05378-BAT
MEMORANDUM*
Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Western District of Washington
Brian Tsuchida, Magistrate Judge, Presiding
Submitted December 5, 2022**
San Francisco, California
Before: LUCERO,*** BRESS, and VANDYKE, Circuit Judges.
* This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent except as
provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
** The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision without oral
argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
*** The Honorable Carlos F. Lucero, United States Circuit Judge for the U.S. Court
of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit, sitting by designation.
FILED
DEC 7 2022
MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
U.S. COURT OF APPEALS

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Gina Muntz appeals the district court’s decision affirming the denial of an
application for Supplemental Security Income and Disability Insurance Benefits.
“We review [the] district court’s judgment … de novo” and “set aside a denial of
benefits only if it is not supported by substantial evidence or is based on legal error.”
Bray v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec. Admin., 554 F.3d 1219, 1222 (9th Cir. 2009) (quotation
omitted).
To establish a disability for purposes of the Social Security Act, a claimant
must prove that she is unable “to engage in any substantial gainful activity by reason
of any medically determinable physical or mental impairment which … has lasted
or can be expected to last for a continuous period of not less than 12 months.” 42
U.S.C. § 423(d)(1)(A). “To determine whether or not a claimant is disabled, an ALJ
follows a five-step evaluation.” Zavalin v. Colvin, 778 F.3d 842, 845 n.1 (9th Cir.
2015) (citing 20 C.F.R. § 416.920(a)(4)).
In this case, the ALJ determined that Muntz was not disabled at step five of
the analysis because she could perform light work. In making this determination,
the ALJ discounted Muntz’s subjective symptom testimony because it was
inconsistent with the record, which included objective medical evidence. The ALJ
discounted a third-party function report from Muntz’s husband for the same reason.
The ALJ also discounted portions of medical opinions from Drs. Head and Losee
because they were unexplained, inconsistent with other objective medical evidence,

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or both. Evaluating this testimony, the ALJ applied the correct legal standards and
supported her findings with substantial evidence. We therefore affirm for the
following reasons:
First, the ALJ gave specific, clear, and convincing reasons for discounting
Muntz’s subjective testimony. See Molina v. Astrue, 674 F.3d 1104, 1111, 1113–14
(9th Cir. 2012), superseded on other grounds by 20 C.F.R. § 404.1502(a). Muntz
claimed to have been disabled since May 2015, following a motor vehicle accident.
But the ALJ identified material inconsistencies between Muntz’s testimony and the
record, including objective medical evidence. See Parra v. Astrue, 481 F.3d 742,
750 (9th Cir. 2007). For example, Muntz was examined shortly after the accident
and repeatedly over the next few years, and she “consistently showed normal or only
minimally antalgic gait and full strength in the lower extremities.” Muntz’s
providers also consistently recommended “conservative” treatment, and she
primarily treated her pain with over-the-counter pain medications like ibuprofen.
See id. at 751 (“[E]vidence of ‘conservative treatment’ is sufficient to discount a
claimant’s testimony regarding severity of an impairment.”) (quoting Johnson v.
Shalala, 60 F.3d 1428, 1434 (9th Cir. 1995)). Muntz also failed to pursue available
treatment options, see Burch v. Barnhart, 400 F.3d 676, 681 (9th Cir. 2005), and
there are significant gaps in her treatment history.

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Regarding Muntz’s alleged cognitive impairment, the ALJ found that,
although the record “tends to support a degree” of cognitive impairment, the record
was inconsistent with further mental limitations. The ALJ permissibly observed that
none of Muntz’s “providers reported any impairment in memory, attention, or
concentration during visits, and when other providers tested these areas, they were
found to be normal.” Muntz also appeared oriented and alert at visits, including
immediately following her accident. And the ALJ specifically noted that Dr. Losee
“doubted the degree of memory impairment suggested by [Muntz’s] standardized
test scores, as it was not consistent with [her] presentation at that evaluation.” This
evidence contradicts Muntz’s testimony and supports the ALJ’s determination. See
Rollins v. Massanari, 261 F.3d 853, 857 (9th Cir. 2001).
Second, the ALJ provided specific and legitimate reasons for discounting the
weight afforded to the opinions of Drs. Head and Losee.1 See Carmickle v. Comm’r
of Soc. Sec., 533 F.3d 1155, 1164 (9th Cir. 2008); Magallanes v. Bowen, 881 F.2d
747, 751 (9th Cir. 1989). Dr. Head examined Muntz in October 2015 and
determined that Muntz was capable of light to sedentary exertion. The ALJ found a
portion of Dr. Head’s opinion persuasive but gave “only partial weight” to the
remainder because it was unexplained and inconsistent with his and other
1 New regulations governing review of medical opinions in Social Security cases do
not apply to this case based on the timing of Muntz’s application for benefits.

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examinations. See Ford v. Saul, 950 F.3d 1141, 1155 (9th Cir. 2020) (“An ALJ is
not required to take medical opinions at face value, but may take into account the
quality of the explanation when determining how much weight to give a medical
opinion.”). As the ALJ reasonably observed, Dr. Head’s findings were at odds with
his own examination of Muntz, which was largely unremarkable, and examinations
by other providers throughout the medical record.
Dr. Losee examined Muntz in April 2019 and determined that “[s]he would
have difficulty attending to, remembering, and carrying out detailed instructions on
a sustained basis.” The ALJ gave this portion of Dr. Losee’s opinion “only partial
weight.” As the ALJ pointed out, Dr. Losee observed that Muntz’s test scores were
inconsistent with her self-reported symptoms. Dr. Losee also was uncertain about
the cause of Muntz’s poor test scores, and she ultimately recommended additional
memory testing. Dr. Losee’s opinion was also inconsistent with the remainder of
the record. In fact, two weeks after the accident, Muntz “demonstrated better
memory functioning than on the evaluation with Dr. Losee, in tests of both memory
and concentration.” And “[a]t all subsequent visits when memory was tested, the
claimant’s memory was found to be normal.”
Third, the ALJ gave “germane reasons” for discounting the third-party
function report from Muntz’s husband. Molina, 674 F.3d at 1114. The ALJ found
that some of Muntz’s husband’s statements were “contradicted either by the record

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or by [Muntz’s] own statements and are therefore unpersuasive.” Germane reasons
are sufficient to dismiss lay witness testimony, see id., and “[i]nconsistency with
medical evidence” provides such a germane reason. See Bayliss v. Barnhardt, 427
F.3d 1211, 1218 (9th Cir. 2005).
AFFIRMED.

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