Tami Harrison v. FACEBOOK, INC., a Delaware corporation

NOT FOR PUBLICATION

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

TAMI HARRISON,

Plaintiff-Appellant,

v.

FACEBOOK, INC., a Delaware corporation,

Defendant-Appellee.

No. 19-16339

D.C. No. 4:19-cv-01547-JSW

MEMORANDUM
*

Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Northern District of California
Jeffrey S. White, District Judge, Presiding

Submitted August 12, 2020
**

San Francisco, California

Before: THOMAS, Chief Judge, and HAWKINS and McKEOWN, Circuit
Judges.

Tami Harrison appeals the district court’s dismissal of her action for direct
copyright infringement. The parties are familiar with the facts, so we do not repeat
them here. We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291, and we affirm.

*
This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.

**
The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision
without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
FILED

AUG 14 2020

MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
U.S. COURT OF APPEALS

2
To establish a prima facie case of direct copyright infringement, a plaintiff
must (1) “show ownership of the allegedly infringed material” and (2)
“demonstrate that the alleged infringers violated at least one exclusive right
granted to copyright holders under 17 U.S.C. § 106.” Perfect 10 v. Giganews, 847
F.3d 657, 666 (9th Cir. 2017) (quoting A&M Records v. Napster, Inc., 239 F.3d
1004, 1013 (9th Cir. 2001)). Exclusive rights granted to copyright holders include
the right to “reproduce” and “display” the copyrighted work. 17 U.S.C. § 106(1),
(5). A claim for direct infringement also requires the plaintiff to show “volitional
conduct” or “causation” by the defendant. Perfect 10, 847 F.3d at 666.
Harrison has failed to allege that Facebook engaged in any volitional
conduct that would give rise to a claim for direct copyright infringement. Id. at
668 (“The evidence does not demonstrate that Giganews—as opposed to the user
who called up the images—caused the images to be displayed.”). Harrison or her
agent uploaded her copyrighted works to Facebook. Harrison has alleged only that
Facebook passively hosted the content and failed to remove it when Harrison was
unable to follow Facebook’s procedures for removal.
Harrison or her agent also consented to Facebook’s terms of service when
the content was uploaded. By doing so, she or her agent gave Facebook a license
to display the copyrighted works. That license expires only when the user deletes
the images or the entire Facebook account—neither of which Harrison has done.

3
Facebook therefore retains a license to display Harrison’s copyrighted works.
AFFIRMED.