Feng Sun v. MATTHEW G. WHITAKER, Acting Attorney General

NOT FOR PUBLICATION
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT
FENG SUN,
Petitioner,
v.
MATTHEW G. WHITAKER, Acting
Attorney General,
Respondent.
No. 15-70060
Agency No. A089-293-677
MEMORANDUM*
On Petition for Review of an Order of the
Board of Immigration Appeals
Argued and Submitted December 20, 2018*
San Francisco, California
Before: M. SMITH, NGUYEN, and BENNETT, Circuit Judges.
Feng Sun, a native and citizen of China, petitions from the decision of the
Board of Immigration Appeals (BIA) affirming the Immigration Judge’s (IJ) denial
of his I-589 Application for asylum, withholding of removal, and protection under
the Convention Against Torture (CAT). We have jurisdiction under 8 U.S.C.
§ 1252, and we deny the petition for review.
* This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
FILED
JAN 9 2019
MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
U.S. COURT OF APPEALS

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1. Pursuant to 8 U.S.C. § 1158(a)(2)(B), an alien seeking asylum must
apply within one year of his arrival in the United States, unless one of two statutory
exceptions applies. See 8 U.S.C. § 1158(a)(2)(D) (late applications may be
considered “if the alien demonstrates to the satisfaction of the Attorney General
either the existence of changed circumstances which materially affect the applicant’s
eligibility for asylum or extraordinary circumstances relating to the delay in filing
an application”). Sun does not dispute that he entered the United States on May 13,
2006, and filed his asylum application on January 16, 2014. Thus, he failed to abide
by the statutorily mandated one-year limitations period.
Sun has failed to demonstrate changed or extraordinary circumstances, and
his two arguments to the contrary are unavailing. First, he argues that he experienced
changed circumstances in September 2013, when he learned that he was eligible for
asylum relief. But we have repeatedly held that, as complex as our immigration
system may be, ignorance of the law is insufficient to establish changed or
extraordinary circumstances. See, e.g., Francisco-Juan v. Mukasey, 308 F. App’x
136, 137 (9th Cir. 2009). Contrary to Sun’s reading of the case, our decision in
Taslimi v. Holder, 590 F.3d 981 (9th Cir. 2010), does not hold otherwise. There, it
was the applicant’s “religious conversion [that] constituted changed circumstances
materially affecting her eligibility for asylum.” Id. at 987. The issue of when the
applicant learned about the availability of asylum relief arose in the second step of

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our analysis: whether she had applied for asylum within a reasonable time after her
changed circumstances. Id. at 987–88. In a case such as this in which the applicant
has failed to demonstrate changed circumstances, we do not reach that second step.
See 8 C.F.R. § 1208.4(a)(4)(ii).
Second, Sun contends that his circumstances changed in April 2012, when he
contacted the U.S. Attorney’s Office to report Legend Stone’s allegedly illegal
business practices, and in July 2013, when he was arrested by Immigration and
Customs Enforcement (ICE). His cooperation with the government, Sun argues,
“motivated [Jimin] Chen and [Yunfei] Bai to make good on their earlier threats and
have him removed.” But Sun fails to sufficiently explain how Chen and Bai’s
actions or his arrest by ICE constituted persecution given that persecution is an
“extreme concept” that includes the “infliction of suffering or harm.” Lim v. INS,
224 F.3d 929, 936 (9th Cir. 2000). Sun also does not explain how Chen and Bai’s
actions caused his “circumstances [to] change[] sufficiently [such] that a petitioner
who previously did not have a legitimate claim for asylum now has a well-founded
fear of future persecution,” as the law requires. Malty v. Ashcroft, 381 F.3d 942, 945
(9th Cir. 2004). As the government correctly notes, by the time Sun began
cooperating with the government, he had long been the victim of Chen and Bai’s
antagonism, including their threats to have him removed, and therefore could have

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filed for asylum before April 2012. Thus, we deny the petition for review as to Sun’s
asylum claim on timeliness grounds.
2. In his replacement opening brief, Sun fails to raise, and therefore
waives, any challenge to the BIA’s denial of his withholding of removal and CAT
claims. See Rizk v. Holder, 629 F.3d 1083, 1091 n.3 (9th Cir. 2011). Thus, we need
not review those decisions by the BIA and IJ, and deny the petition as to Sun’s
withholding and CAT claims.
AFFIRMED.

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