STELLA MOUDOYAN, AKA Stella Bovo; v. LORETTA E. LYNCH, Attorney General

NOT FOR PUBLICATION
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT
STELLA MOUDOYAN, AKA Stella
Bovo; et al.,
Petitioners,
v.
LORETTA E. LYNCH, Attorney General,
Respondent.
No. 13-71410
Agency Nos. A099-061-381
A099-061-382
A099-061-383
MEMORANDUM*
On Petition for Review of an Order of the
Board of Immigration Appeals
Argued and Submitted February 12, 2016
Pasadena, California
Before: BERZON and OWENS, Circuit Judges and MARBLEY,** District Judge.
Stella Moudoyan, a citizen of Italy, files a petition challenging an order of
the Board of Immigration Appeals (BIA) dismissing her appeal of an immigration
judge’s order that denied her and her children’s application for asylum. As the
FILED
FEB 23 2016
MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
* This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by 9th Cir. R. 36-3.
** The Honorable Algenon L. Marbley, District Judge for the U.S.
District Court for the Southern District of Ohio, sitting by designation.

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parties are familiar with the facts, we do not recount them here. We have
jurisdiction under 8 U.S.C. § 1252. We grant the petition and remand the case for
further proceedings consistent with this disposition.
The BIA concluded that Moudoyan was not entitled to relief because:
(1) she failed to establish past persecution; (2) she did not have a well-founded fear
of future persecution; and (3) she failed to demonstrate that she could not
reasonably relocate within Italy. As to the first issue, the BIA concluded that the
“applicant ha[d] not shown that any threats, verbal or implied, were menacing
enough to establish past persecution, even when all of the threats [were] considered
cumulatively.” The BIA’s order, however, does not explain how it reached its
conclusion. “[F]or the court to exercise our limited authority, there must be a
reasoned explanation by the BIA of the basis for its decision.” Franco-Rosendo v.
Gonzales, 454 F.3d 965, 966 (9th Cir. 2006). Therefore, we remand this case so
the BIA can explain its ruling and so our court can review it.1 See, e.g., Arredondo
v. Holder, 623 F.3d 1317, 1320 (9th Cir. 2010) (“[W]e must remand the cause to
the BIA to clarify the statutory grounds upon which it relied in denying further
review.”); Su Hwa She v. Holder, 629 F.3d 958, 963-64 (9th Cir. 2010) (“Rather
1We express no view as to the merits of Moudoyan’s argument that the BIA
erred in concluding that she did not establish a well-founded fear of future
persecution or that she cannot reasonably relocate within Italy.
2

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than countenance a decision that leaves us to speculate based on an incomplete
analysis, we remand the case to the BIA for clarification.”).
GRANTED and REMANDED.
3

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Moudoyan v Lynch 13-71410
BERZON, J., concurring,
I concur in the memorandum disposition. I write separately to note that in
light of the facts of this case, the BIA’s bare assertion that the petitioner suffered
no past persecution is particularly difficult to understand. The threats directed at
Moudoyan concerned both her and her children, and were made by an organization
known to carry out its threats in similar circumstances. Moreover, the threats were
delivered in person — that is, they involved the sort of “close confrontation” that
we have repeatedly found significant in determining whether threats alone rise to
the level of persecution. Lim v. INS, 224 F.3d 929, 936 (9th Cir. 2000); see also
Nahrvani v. Gonzales, 399 F.3d 1148, 1153 (9th Cir. 2005); Ruano v. Ashcroft,
301 F.3d 1155, 1160 (9th Cir. 2002). Finally, Moudoyan’s husband’s warning to
her to leave Italy underscored the seriousness of the threats. Given these
circumstances, an explanation for the BIA’s conclusion was particularly warranted.
FILED
FEB 23 2016
MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
U.S. COURT OF APPEALS

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