United States of America v. JOSHUA VINCENT FAUNCHER, AKA Fauncher Alfaro, AKA Josh Alfaro, AKA Joshua Alfaro,…

This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent*
except as provided by 9th Cir. R. 36-3.
NOT FOR PUBLICATION
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
Plaintiff - Appellee,
v.
JOSHUA VINCENT FAUNCHER, AKA
Fauncher Alfaro, AKA Josh Alfaro, AKA
Joshua Alfaro, AKA Joshua Paul Alfaro,
AKA Joshua VP Alfaro, AKA Alfaro
Fauncher, AKA Joshua Fauncher, AKA
Joshua Paul Fauncher, AKA Joshua
Vincent Paul Al Fauncher, AKA Jay, AKA
Joshua V. Paulalfaro, AKA Joshua V.
Paulaturofaunc,
Defendant - Appellant.
No. 11-50174
D.C. No. 2:09-cr-01005-VBF-28
MEMORANDUM*
Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Central District of California
Valerie Baker Fairbank, District Judge, Presiding
Argued and Submitted December 5, 2011
Pasadena, California
FILED
JAN 03 2012
MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
U .S. C OU R T OF APPE ALS

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The Honorable Suzanne B. Conlon, United States District Judge for**
the Northern District of Illinois, sitting by designation.
Before: PREGERSON and MURGUIA, Circuit Judges, and CONLON, District
Judge.**
Defendant Joshua Vincent Fauncher appeals the 11-month sentence imposed
following his guilty plea to one count of conspiracy to commit wire and bank fraud
in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 1349, in connection with a multi-level “phishing”
conspiracy originating in Egypt. We have jurisdiction over this matter pursuant to
28 U.S.C. § 1291. The facts are known to the parties, and we do not recite them
here.
Whether the district court violated due process by using an improper
standard of proof is a question of constitutional law that the Court reviews de novo.
United States v. Berger, 587 F.3d 1038, 1042 (9th Cir. 2009). We find that the
district court correctly applied the preponderance of the evidence standard in
determining that the sentencing enhancement for overseas nexus in a fraud scheme
applied. The district court imposed an 11-month sentence, which was 4 months
below the low end of the 15- to 21-month United States Sentencing Guidelines
(“U.S.S.G.”) range and only one month higher than the high end of the unenhanced
range of 4 to 10 months. Under the totality of the circumstances, and in light of the
ultimate sentence imposed, the enhancement did not have an extremely

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disproportionate impact on the sentence requiring proof by clear and convincing
evidence. See United States v. Jordan, 256 F.3d 922, 930 (9th Cir. 2001) (holding
that when a sentencing factor has an “extremely disproportionate impact” on a
sentence relative to the offense of conviction, due process requires that the
government prove facts underlying the enhancement by clear and convincing
evidence).
This Court “review[s] . . . the district court’s application of the Guidelines to
the facts of the case for abuse of discretion, and the district court’s factual findings
for clear error.” United States v. Treadwell, 593 F.3d 990, 999 (9th Cir. 2010).
The district court did not clearly err in determining that the overseas nexus
enhancement applied. Defendant’s statement that he knew the money was coming
from overseas sufficiently demonstrated actual knowledge under a preponderance
of the evidence standard to support a finding that it was reasonably foreseeable to
Defendant that a substantial part of the fraudulent scheme was committed from
outside of the United States. See U.S.S.G. § 2B1.1(b)(9)(B) (2010) (describing the
overseas nexus enhancement as requiring that “a substantial part of a fraudulent
scheme was committed from outside the United States”).
Finally, the district court did not clearly err in denying Defendant a minimal
role mitigating adjustment under U.S.S.G. § 3B1.2. The mitigating role adjustment
is available for “a defendant who plays a part in committing the offense that makes

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him substantially less culpable than the average participant.” U.S.S.G. § 3B1.2
cmt. n.3(A) (2010). Here, Defendant was similarly situated to the numerous other
defendants who opened fraudulent bank accounts and withdrew unlawfully
transferred proceeds. The district court found that although Defendant was not as
active as the main participants in the conspiracy, his role was nevertheless an
“essential” one. In light of the district court’s finding, we find no clear error in the
district court’s denial of a minimal role mitigating adjustment.
Defendant’s sentence is AFFIRMED.

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