Mary Abbott v. Chris Okoye

* This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by 9th Cir. R. 36-3.
NOT FOR PUBLICATION
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT
MARY ABBOTT,
Plaintiff - Appellant,
v.
CHRIS OKOYE,
Defendant - Appellee.
No. 10-16852
D.C. No. 2:08-cv-00445-GEB-
DAD
MEMORANDUM*
Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Eastern District of California
Garland E. Burrell, District Judge, Presiding
Argued and Submitted October 11, 2011
San Francisco, California
Before: HUG, KLEINFELD, and W. FLETCHER, Circuit Judges.
Mary Abbott appeals the district court’s grant of summary judgment to Chris
Okoye on her claims of breach of contract and breach of the implied covenant of
good faith and fair dealing. We affirm the district court.
FILED
DEC 02 2011
MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
U.S. COURT OF APPEALS

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In 2005, Chris Okoye sued Mary Abbott’s now deceased husband George
Abbott, the Abbott Family Trust, and Mary Abbott, in her capacity as trustee, in
Nevada state court. The Nevada court granted the Abbott defendants summary
judgment on all but one of Okoye’s claims. The parties then settled the remaining
claim, and, pursuant to the settlement agreement, the case was dismissed with
prejudice. Okoye then filed a subsequent suit in California state court, raising
claims similar to those raised in the Nevada state court action. Abbott contends
that in filing this subsequent California state suit, Okoye breached the settlement
agreement and its implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing.
On appeal, Abbott argues that the district court erred in applying Nevada,
and not California, contract law in this diversity case. This argument was not
presented in her initial brief to this court, and she therefore waived the choice-of-
law argument. Brookfield Communications, Inc. v. W. Coast Entertainment Corp.,
174 F.3d 1036, 1046 n.7 (9th Cir. 1999).
Under Nevada contract law, “when a contract is clear, unambiguous, and
complete, its terms must be given their plain meaning and the contract must be
enforced as written; the court may not admit any other evidence of the parties’
intent because the contract expresses their intent.” Ringle v. Bruton, 86 P.3d 1032,
1039 (Nev. 2004). The settlement agreement did not contain any language that

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released the Abbotts from future claims, nor did it contain a covenant not to sue on
any such claims. Because Okoye’s subsequent suit does not violate any express
provision of the settlement agreement, summary judgment for Okoye was
appropriate on the breach of contract claim under Nevada contract law.
The district court dismissed Abbott’s breach of the implied covenant claim
because it was not raised in Abbott’s original complaint. Instead, Abbott raised the
claim of breach of the implied covenant in her brief opposing summary judgment.
Whether or not Abbott’s complaint was sufficient to put Okoye on notice of her
claim of breach of the implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing, Abbott fails
to show that Okoye’s actions breached the implied covenant. Under Nevada law,
“[w]hen one party performs a contract in a manner that is unfaithful to the purpose
of the contract and the justified expectations of the other party are thus denied,
damages may be awarded against the party who does not act in good faith.” Hilton
Hotels Corp. v. Butch Lewis Productions, Inc., 808 P.2d 919, 923 (Nev. 1991).
Absent any language in the contract suggesting the settlement agreement barred
further litigation, we cannot say that Abbott’s expectation that the settlement
barred further litigation was justified.
AFFIRMED.

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