Danial Nissan v. ALBERTO R. GONZALES, Attorney General of the United States

United States Court of Appeals
For the Seventh Circuit
Chicago, Illinois 60604
Argued April 17, 2007
Decided August 9, 2007
Before
Hon. MICHAEL S. KANNE, Circuit Judge
Hon. DIANE P. WOOD, Circuit Judge
Hon. TERENCE T. EVANS, Circuit Judge
No. 06-2944
DANIAL NISSAN,
Petitioner,
v.
ALBERTO R. GONZALES, Attorney
General of the United States,
Respondent.
Petition for Review of an Order of the
Board of Immigration Appeals
No. A77-656-263
O R D E R
Danial Nissan, a native of Syria, has been trying to adjust his status to that of a
lawful resident of the United States, based on his marriage to a United States citizen.
So far, his efforts have been unsuccessful, and this case reaches us on his petition for
review of a decision of the Board of Immigration Appeals denying his second motion to
reopen his removal proceedings. The BIA denied his motion because it was untimely
and because 8 C.F.R. § 1003.2(c)(2) limits applicants to one motion to reopen. We
conclude that the Board properly characterized his motion as one to reopen and acted
within its discretion to deny the motion, and we therefore deny the petition for review.
NONPRECEDENTIAL DISPOSITION
To be cited only in accordance with
Fed. R. App. P. 32.1

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No. 06-2944 Page 2
I
Nissan entered the United States in January 2002 on a visitor’s visa. In December
2002, five months after his visa expired, the Department of Homeland Security (DHS)
charged him with removability. A little more than a year later, in January 2004,
Nissan married Migdalia Reyes, a United States citizen. On July 28, 2004, the day
before Nissan’s removal hearing, Reyes filed an I-130 petition for an immediate-
relative visa for him. At the hearing the next day, Nissan conceded removability, but
he requested a continuance so that DHS could adjudicate his I-130 petition. The
immigration judge (IJ) denied his motion as premature and ordered him removed after
Nissan declined the opportunity to request voluntary departure.
Nissan appealed the IJ’s denial of the continuance to the BIA. In April 2005, while
that appeal was pending, DHS informed Reyes that her I-130 petition would be denied
on the ground that it had concluded that she married Nissan solely to give him an
immigration benefit. DHS gave Reyes 30 days to submit additional documentation to
refute this finding, but she did not respond and the denial became final. Nissan and
Reyes divorced shortly afterwards, in October 2005. The next month, the BIA affirmed
the IJ’s denial of Nissan’s motion to continue the removal hearing.
Losing no time, by December 2005 Nissan had married another United States
citizen, Sadeta Kalamperovic. She filed a new I-130 petition on Nissan’s behalf. At that
point, Nissan filed a motion with the BIA a motion to reopen his removal proceedings,
so that he could pursue an application for adjustment of status based on
Kalamperovic’s I-130 petition. The government opposed that motion, and the BIA
denied it, both because of the government’s opposition and because it found that
Nissan had failed to overcome the finding that he married Reyes solely to circumvent
immigration laws. (We note in this connection that the form that Kalamperovic used
did not include any question about her awareness of past I-130 petitions that might
have been filed on Nissan’s behalf, although the record suggests that she was aware
of the fact that he had been married before. The record also includes Nissan’s I-485
application to adjust his status; that form, notably, does not ask the applicant whether
he had any previous I-130 petitions that the government denied, nor does it ask about
previous marriages.)
In March 2006, after the BIA had denied Nissan’s motion to reopen, DHS approved
Kalamperovic’s I-130 petition. The next month, Nissan filed a “motion to reconsider”
in which he argued that the BIA should reopen his case in light of this new
development. In response, the BIA first noted that the motion, although labeled a
“motion to reconsider,” was in reality a motion to reopen, because Nissan was asking
the BIA to consider new evidence rather than arguing new legal theories. As a second
motion to reopen, the BIA noted that it was both untimely and successive, and it
decided that the motion did not fall within any exception to the bars against filing late
or second motions.

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No. 06-2944 Page 3
II
An alien is entitled to file only one motion to reopen, and that motion must be filed
within 90 days of the final administrative decision. 8 C.F.R. § 1003.2(c)(2); Ajose v.
Gonzales, 408 F.3d 393, 394 (7th Cir. 2005). Aliens also have the right to file a motion
to reconsider a final decision of the BIA within 30 days of that decision. 8 C.F.R.
§ 1003.2(b)(2); Padilla-Padilla v. Gonzales, 463 F.3d 972, 978 n.7 (9th Cir. 2006).
Finally, an alien may request reconsideration of the BIA’s denial of a motion to reopen.
See Alizoti v. Gonzales, 477 F.3d 448, 451 (6th Cir. 2007). In his petition, Nissan
argues that he was asking for reconsideration of the denial of his motion to reopen,
rather than filing a second motion to reopen. The Board therefore erred, he continues,
in its characterization of his motion and its conclusion that the motion was untimely
and successive.
This court has explained that a motion asking the BIA to reexamine its decision
based on facts or evidence not available at the time of the original decision should be
treated as a motion to reopen. See Mungongo v. Gonzales, 479 F.3d 531, 534 (7th Cir.
2007); Patel v. Gonzales, 442 F.3d 1011, 1015-16 (7th Cir. 2006). In contrast, a motion
to reconsider asks the BIA to reexamine its decision in light of additional legal
arguments, a change of law, or an argument that was overlooked earlier. Patel, 442
F.3d at 1015; see also Mungongo, 479 F.3d at 534 (“[A] motion to reconsider must
direct the BIA’s attention to the defect in the earlier decision by specifying the errors
of fact or law in the prior Board decision ... supported by pertinent authority.”)
(Internal quotation marks and citations deleted.)
Nissan concedes that he relied on new evidence – that is, his newly granted I-130
petition – in arguing that the BIA should “reconsider” its earlier decision denying his
motion to reopen. But he insists that he mentioned that new evidence only to support
a new legal argument. His “new” legal argument attacks DHS’s finding that his
marriage to Reyes was fraudulent. He reasons that because DHS is prohibited from
granting an I-130 petition to an alien who previously sought to procure an immediate-
relative visa through fraud, see 8 U.S.C. § 1154(c), DHS must have decided that his
marriage to Reyes was not fraudulent after all when it granted Kalamperovic’s I-130
petition. It follows, he reasons, that the BIA erred in denying his motion to reopen
based on the mistaken view that Reyes’s I-130 petition was fraudulent.
Nissan may have presented an ingenious argument, but when all is said and done,
the fact remains that his petition hinges on new evidence: the fact that DHS granted
Kalamperovic’s I-130 petition after the BIA issued its original decision. When an alien
presents new evidence as part of a motion to reconsider, as Nissan did here, the BIA
has held that the motion should be construed as one to reopen. See Matter of Cerna,
20 I&N Dec. 399, 400 (BIA 1991); see also Mungungo, 479 F.3d at 535 (“New evidence
may not be submitted in a motion to reconsider.”); Alizoti, 477 F.3d at 452 (citing
Matter of Cerna); Mohammed v. Gonzales, 400 F.3d 785, 792 (9th Cir. 2005); Zhao v.

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No. 06-2944 Page 4
United States Dep’t of Justice, 265 F.3d 83, 90 (2d Cir. 2001). The BIA thus acted
consistently with the regulations and its past practice when it construed Nissan’s
motion as one to reopen.
The only remaining question is therefore whether the BIA abused its discretion
when it decided to deny the motion. Gomes v. Gonzales, 473 F.3d 746, 752 (7th Cir.
2007) (applying abuse of discretion standard). The regulation recognizes four
exceptions to the numeric and time limits for motions to reopen. See 8 C.F.R.
§ 103.2(c)(3). Nissan neither argues for nor qualifies for any of them. Furthermore, he
has never made an argument for equitable tolling, and even if he had, there is nothing
in this record to suggest that it should apply (much less that it is so clearly applicable
that the BIA abused its discretion in rejecting this approach). For that matter, since
he never asked the BIA for equitable tolling, this court would lack jurisdiction to
address that possibility, since we cannot address issues that were not fairly presented
to the BIA. See Medhin v. Ashcroft, 350 F.3d 685, 689 (7th Cir. 2003). For all these
reasons, we conclude that the BIA did not abuse its discretion when it denied Nissan’s
second motion to reopen.
The petition for review is therefore DENIED.

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