United States of America v. Maurice Ramsey

* After an examination of the briefs and the record, we have concluded that
oral argument is unnecessary. Thus, the appeal is submitted on the briefs and the
record. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
United States Court of Appeals
For the Seventh Circuit
Chicago, Illinois 60604
Submitted May 9, 2005*
Decided May 9, 2005
Before
Hon. RICHARD A. POSNER, Circuit Judge
Hon. MICHAEL S. KANNE, Circuit Judge
Hon. ILANA DIAMOND ROVNER, Circuit Judge
No. 03-2811
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
Plaintiff-Appellee,
v.
MAURICE RAMSEY,
Defendant-Appellant.
Appeal from the United States District
Court for the Northern District of
Illinois, Eastern Division
No. 01 CR 924
John W. Darrah,
Judge.
O R D E R
Maurice Ramsey and a codefendant purchased used cars using fraudulent
cashier’s checks and were charged in a 14-count indictment with possessing and
uttering counterfeit checks with the intent to deceive another, in violation of 18
U.S.C. § 513(a). Without a plea agreement, Ramsey pleaded guilty to Counts One
and Ten of the indictment, which involved checks for $15,500 and $23,000,
respectively. The government dismissed the remaining counts against him. The
district court sentenced Ramsey to a total of 63 months’ imprisonment and, citing
UNPUBLISHED ORDER
Not to be cited per Circuit Rule 53

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No. 03-2811 Page 2
the Mandatory Victims Restitution Act, 18 U.S.C. § 3663A, ordered him to pay
restitution in the amount of $321,550, the total value of the 14 fraudulent checks
that Ramsey and his co-defendant had been charged with uttering.
Ramsey’s opening brief includes three arguments, but he will be released
from prison in June 2005 and so has withdrawn his contentions that the district
court miscalculated his criminal history score and imposed his sentence in violation
of the Sixth Amendment as interpreted in United States v. Booker, 125 S.Ct. 738
(2005). All that remains is Ramsey’s argument that the district erred in ordering
restitution for the loss created by his relevant conduct and in failing to offset the
restitution amount by the value of any cars recovered by the victims. Ordinarily we
review the district court’s calculation of the amount of restitution for an abuse of
discretion, United States v. Sensmeier, 361 F.3d 982, 988 (7th Cir. 2004), but
Ramsey did not object to the restitution order on either basis in the district court,
and thus we review for plain error, United States v. McIntosh, 198 F.3d 995, 1003
(7th Cir. 2000).
The government correctly concedes that the amount of restitution must be
reduced to the extent it exceeds $38,500—the sum of the cashier’s checks involved
in Counts One and Ten. As we have explained, restitution under the MVRA is
calculated differently than the “loss” used for sentencing purposes in that only the
actual loss (rather than the intended loss) is relevant. United States v. Rhodes, 330
F.3d 949, 953 (7th Cir. 2003). Here, the district court was empowered to order
restitution only for the losses caused by the offenses of conviction because Ramsey’s
offense does not include as an element a “scheme, conspiracy, or pattern,” and he
did not agree to pay more as part of a plea agreement. 18 U.S.C. § 3663A(a)(1)-(3);
United States v. Randle, 324 F.3d 550, 556 (7th Cir. 2003). The district court
lacked a statutory basis for ordering the restitution insofar as the amount exceeds
the loss created by Ramsey’s offenses of conviction, and thus the court plainly erred.
See Randle, 324 F.3d at 558; see also United States v. Murry, 395 F.3d 712, 721
(7th Cir. 2005).
The more difficult question is whether we must also direct the district court
to reconsider its restitution order as it relates to Counts One and Ten. The court
ordered Ramsey to repay the face value of the two cashier’s checks, but as Ramsey
points out this amount is overstated if the cars were recovered and still retained
some value at time of recovery. See 18 U.S.C. § 3663A(b)(1); United States v.
Swanson, 394 F.3d 520, 528 (7th Cir. 2005). The restitution award must be based
on the amount of loss actually caused by the defendant’s offense of conviction.
Rhodes, 330 F.3d at 953.
Although Ramsey has pointed out how the restitution amount would be
overstated if the cars were recovered, he has not convinced us that the district court

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No. 03-2811 Page 3
plainly erred in its calculation. Ramsey’s argument centers largely around the
recovery of a 1996 Honda Accord that he and his co-defendant purchased with a
fraudulent check for $12,900. This check was not the subject of Count One
($15,500) or Count Ten ($23,000), and it is therefore irrelevant that the police
recovered the Accord, which appears to be the subject of Count Twelve. Ramsey has
not even suggested that the cars involved in the counts of conviction were recovered;
he merely states that the record “does not show how many of the other cars were
recovered.” Indeed, the record contains no information about the cars involved in
Counts One and Ten having been returned to the victims, so we have no basis on
which to conclude that the district court erred in ordering restitution as to those
counts. See Rhodes, 330 F.3d at 953 (declining to set aside restitution amount “in
the absence of any documented proof of miscalculation in the amount ordered”).
For the reasons stated herein, we VACATE the portion of the district court’s
judgment that requires restitution to be paid to the victims of counts other than
those to which Ramsey pleaded guilty and REMAND for entry of a corrected
judgment. In all other respects the judgment of the district court is AFFIRMED.

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