United States of America v. Gary Dewayne Ross

NOT RECOMMENDED FOR FULL-TEXT PUBLICATION
File Name: 05a0140n.06
Filed: February 23, 2005
No. 02-6435
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE SIXTH CIRCUIT
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
Plaintiff-Appellee,
v.
GARY DEWAYNE ROSS,
Defendant-Appellant.
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ON APPEAL FROM THE UNITED
STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE
WESTERN DISTRICT OF TENNESSEE
Before: MERRITT, DAUGHTREY, and SUTTON, Circuit Judges.
SUTTON, Circuit Judge. Gary Ross pleaded guilty to five drug trafficking offenses and now
challenges the sentences he received under the Federal Sentencing Guidelines. Most notably, he
argues that his possession of a firearm during one distribution offense was not relevant conduct
sufficient to foreclose the reduction of his sentence, by way of a safety-valve provision, see
U.S.S.G. § 5C1.2(a), from the statutory minimum to one within a lower Guideline range. Because
Ross argues that United States v. Booker, 125 S. Ct. 738 (2005), entitles him to resentencing and
because the government agrees—waiving its right to argue plain error—we vacate his sentence and
remand for resentencing.

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United States v. Ross
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On April 6, 2001, police officers from Jackson, Tennessee, having learned that Gary Ross
planned to bring drugs to a local hotel, met Ross at the hotel, arrested him and searched his car. The
search revealed a semiautomatic pistol and a variety of drugs: 28.1 grams of cocaine, 5 grams of
cocaine base (also known as crack cocaine), 14 dosage units of morphine and 40 dosage units of
dihydrocodeinone (an opiate). Ross later admitted that he intended to trade the drugs for sex with
a woman at the hotel. The Jackson police did not charge Ross and released him from custody.
On May 7, 2001, Ross again drew the attention of law enforcement, this time in Milan,
Tennessee, which is twenty-five miles from Jackson. On that occasion, undercover agent Lee
Dearmitt of the Tennessee Bureau of Investigation observed Ross supply 1.1 grams of crack cocaine
to John McDougle, who in turn sold it to Dearmitt. Continuing his undercover investigation,
Dearmitt purchased drugs from McDougle on May 17, 2001, this time buying 22.6 grams of cocaine,
and again noticed that Ross acted as McDougle’s supplier. And on May 24, 2001, Dearmitt bought
46.6 grams of cocaine from McDougle, cocaine that Ross also supplied.
In June of that year, Dearmitt again attempted to buy crack and powder cocaine from
McDougle, but the deal fell through when McDougle could not produce the drugs. Trying to keep
his customer, McDougle contacted Dearmitt in July and again in late August with the promise that
he had a new supplier. Hoping to identify the new supplier before concluding his investigation,
Dearmitt agreed to another purchase and specified that he wanted to buy crack cocaine, not powder.
On August 29, when Dearmitt arrived at an agreed-upon meeting place (a house in Martin,
Tennessee) to consummate the sale, he learned that McDougle did not have a new supplier; instead,

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No. 02-6435
United States v. Ross
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Ross was there, cooking powder cocaine into the crack form of the drug. Dearmitt eventually
bought 55.3 grams of crack from McDougle.
As a result of these events, Ross was indicted along with McDougle and Daneen Windom
in a ten-count indictment. Count one applied only to McDougle. Counts two through six all charged
offenses committed on April 6, with two through five addressing possession with the intent to
distribute the four drugs (cocaine, crack cocaine, morphine and dihydrocodeinone) and with count
six charging Ross with possession of a firearm in furtherance of a drug-trafficking crime. Counts
seven through ten dealt with the four subsequent trafficking offenses: distributing 1.1 grams of crack
cocaine on May 7, 22.6 grams of cocaine on May 17, 46.6 grams of cocaine on May 24, and 55.3
grams of crack cocaine on August 29.
Ross pleaded guilty to each count against him. At the sentencing hearing, though, he argued
that the police engaged in sentencing entrapment by delaying the charges against him, proceeding
to buy more drugs from him and effectively increasing his potential sentence. The district court did
not agree, then proceeded to apply the Sentencing Guidelines to Ross’s offenses. In doing so, the
court grouped the drug offenses together and determined that the Guidelines prescribed a sentencing
range of 87 to 108 months for the drug offenses. Count ten (concerning the August 29 sale of 55.3
grams of crack), however, carried a statutory mandatory-minimum sentence of 10 years. In view
of this statutory minimum, the district court sentenced Ross to 120 months on count ten as well as
on each of the other seven drug counts, all to be served concurrently. In the process, the district
court decided that the “safety valve” provision of § 5C1.2(a) of the Guidelines could not be applied

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No. 02-6435
United States v. Ross
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to reduce the statutory minimum on count ten to the otherwise-applicable Guidelines range because
Ross’s possession of a firearm on April 6 violated the criterion set out in § 5C1.2(a)(2). The court
also sentenced Ross to an additional 60 months on the firearm-possession count, to be served
consecutively with the other sentences, and to 5 years of supervised release. On appeal, Ross
challenges his sentences, which in combination amount to 180 months in prison and 5 years of
supervised release.
Ross argues that his possession of a firearm during the April 6 drug transaction does not
qualify as relevant conduct under the Guidelines with respect to the August 29 drug sale. If, as Ross
argues, the April 6 transaction is not connected to the August 29 sale, then § 5C1.2(a) of the
Guidelines would reduce his drug-count sentence (under count 10) from 120 months to a sentence
between 87 and 108 months. After the Supreme Court’s recent decision in United States v. Booker,
we invited Ross and the United States Attorney’s Office for the Western District of Tennessee to
supply letter briefs explaining what impact (if any) Booker had on this case. In response, Ross
asserted for the first time that the district court’s finding of relevant conduct constituted a Sixth
Amendment violation, for it led to an increase in his sentence without a finding by the jury, and that
the case should be remanded for resentencing. Waiving its right to argue that Ross failed to satisfy
the components of plain-error review, the Government filed the following three-sentence letter brief:
This case involves a Guidelines issue. Specifically, defendant maintains that the
District Court erred in finding that defendant did not qualify for the safety value
provision under U.S.S.G. § 5C1.2.
Pursuant to United States v. Booker, 2005 WL 50108 (U.S. Jan. 12, 2005), the case
should be remanded for resentencing.

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No. 02-6435
United States v. Ross
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Under these circumstances, we vacate Ross’s sentence and remand for resentencing.

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