The AI workspace for legal professionals
- Legal research with access to more than 1 million sources
- Document automation
- Matter management
- Hosted in the EU and Switzerland
Try it free for 14 days (10 questions/day during trial)
The AI workspace for legal professionals
Try it free for 14 days (10 questions/day during trial)
02-5050•03a0180p.06
5(&200(1'(' )25 )8//7(;7 38%/,&$7,21
3XUVXDQW WR 6L[WK &LUFXLW 5XOH
(/(&7521,& &,7$7,21 )(' $SS 3 WK &LU
)LOH 1DPH DS
81,7('67$7(6&28572)$33($/6
)257+(6,;7+&,5&8,7
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
81,7(' 67$7(6 3267$/
6(59,&(
3ODLQWLII$SSHOODQW
Y
1$7,21$/ $662&,$7,21 2)
/(77(5 &$55,(56 $)/&,2
'HIHQGDQW$SSHOOHH
;!
1
1R
$SSHDOIURPWKH8QLWHG6WDWHV'LVWULFW&RXUW
IRUWKH:HVWHUQ'LVWULFWRI7HQQHVVHHDW0HPSKLV
1R²-XOLD6*LEERQV'LVWULFW-XGJH
$UJXHG0D\
'HFLGHGDQG)LOHG-XQH
%HIRUH*8<68+5+(,15,&+DQG%$7&+(/'(5
&LUFXLW-XGJHV
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
&2816(/
$5*8(' (GZDUG +LPPHOIDUE 81,7(' 67$7(6
'(3$570(17 2) -867,&( &,9,/ ',9,6,21
$33(//$7(6(&7,21:DVKLQJWRQ'&IRU$SSHOODQW
3HWHU''H&KLDUD&2+(1:(,66 6,0211HZ<RUN
8QLWHG6WDWHV3RVWDO6HUYY
1DW¶O$VV¶QRI/HWWHU&DUULHUV
1R
1HZ<RUNIRU$SSHOOHH21%5,()(GZDUG+LPPHOIDUE
:LOOLDP .DQWHU 81,7(' 67$7(6 '(3$570(17 2)
-867,&( &,9,/ ',9,6,21 $33(//$7( 6(&7,21
:DVKLQJWRQ '& IRU $SSHOODQW 3HWHU ' 'H&KLDUD
&2+(1 :(,66 6,021 1HZ <RUN 1HZ <RUN IRU
$SSHOOHH
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
23,1,21
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
5$/3+ % *8< -5 &LUFXLW -XGJH 3ODLQWLII 8QLWHG
6WDWHV3RVWDO6HUYLFH 3RVWDO6HUYLFH DSSHDOVIURPWKHJUDQW
RI VXPPDU\ MXGJPHQW LQ IDYRU RI GHIHQGDQW 1DWLRQDO
$VVRFLDWLRQRI/HWWHU&DUULHUV$)/&,2 1$/& XSKROGLQJ
DQDUELWUDWLRQDZDUGWKDWRUGHUHGWKH3RVWDO6HUYLFHWRGHPRWH
DVXSHUYLVRU\HPSOR\HH2QDSSHDOWKH3RVWDO6HUYLFHDUJXHV
WKDW LW ZDV HUURU IRU WKH GLVWULFW FRXUW QRW WR YDFDWH WKH
DUELWUDWLRQDZDUGDVDYLRODWLRQRISXEOLFSROLF\$IWHUUHYLHZ
RIWKHUHFRUGDQGWKHDSSOLFDEOHODZZHDIILUP
,
7KHDUELWUDWLRQDZDUGDURVHRXWRIDQLQFLGHQWEHWZHHQ-$
%DUQHWW D OHWWHU FDUULHU DQG PHPEHU RI WKH 1$/& DQG D
FXVWRPHUVHUYLFHVVXSHUYLVRU+HUEHUW%R\GZKLFKRFFXUUHG
RQ'HFHPEHU%DUQHWWDXQLRQEUDQFKSUHVLGHQW
ZHQW WR D SRVWDO VHUYLFH IDFLOLW\ WR WDON ZLWK %R\G DERXW
SUREOHPV WKDW WKH XQLRQ VWHZDUG FODLPHG WR KDYH JHWWLQJ
DFFHVVWRLQIRUPDWLRQUHODWHGWRKLVXQLRQGXWLHV7KH\ZHQW
LQWRWKHRIILFHRIWKHVWDWLRQPDQDJHU'RQQD:LOOLDPVWR
GLVFXVVWKHPDWWHU%R\GEHJDQ\HOOLQJDQG%DUQHWWLQGLFDWHG
KHZDQWHGWROHDYH%R\GEDFNHGXSDJDLQVWWKHFORVHGGRRU
DQGVDLG³<RXPRYHPH´%DUQHWWWULHGWROHDYHWZLFHPRUH
DQG%R\G\HOOHGSRLQWHGDILQJHULQKLVIDFHDQGUHSHDWHG
WKDWKHZRXOGKDYHWRPRYHKLP%DUQHWWZDVDEOHWROHDYH
DIWHU :LOOLDPV LQWHUYHQHG 7KH QH[W ZHHN %R\G ZDV
SURPRWHGWRVWDWLRQPDQDJHU
-- 1 of 5 --
1R 8QLWHG6WDWHV3RVWDO6HUYY
1DW¶O$VV¶QRI/HWWHU&DUULHUV
1$/&JULHYHGWKHLQFLGHQWXQGHULWVFROOHFWLYHEDUJDLQLQJ
DJUHHPHQWDQGWKH-RLQW6WDWHPHQWRQ9LROHQFHDQG%HKDYLRU
LQWKH:RUNSODFH7KH-RLQW6WDWHPHQWZDVVLJQHGLQE\
WKH 3RVWDO 6HUYLFH WKH 1$/& DQG RWKHU SRVWDO HPSOR\HH
RUJDQL]DWLRQVDIWHUDIRUPHUOHWWHUFDUULHUVKRWWRGHDWKIRXU
SRVWDOHPSOR\HHVDWWKHSRVWRIILFHLQ5R\DO2DN0LFKLJDQ
7KH SDUWLHV WR WKH -RLQW 6WDWHPHQW SOHGJHG WR ³ILUPO\ DQG
XQHTXLYRFDOO\FRPPLWWRGRHYHU\WKLQJZLWKLQRXUSRZHUWR
SUHYHQWIXUWKHULQFLGHQWVRIZRUNUHODWHGYLROHQFH´7KH-RLQW
6WDWHPHQWSURYLGHG³WKHUHLVQRH[FXVHIRUDQGZLOOEHQR
WROHUDQFHRIYLROHQFHRUDQ\WKUHDWVRIYLROHQFHE\DQ\RQHDW
DQ\OHYHORIWKH3RVWDO6HUYLFHDQGWKHUHLVQRH[FXVHIRU
DQGZLOOEHQRWROHUDQFHRIKDUDVVPHQWLQWLPLGDWLRQWKUHDWV
RUEXOO\LQJE\DQ\RQH´3RVWDOHPSOR\HHVZKRGRQRWWUHDW
RWKHUV ZLWK GLJQLW\ DQG UHVSHFW ³ZLOO QRW EH UHZDUGHG RU
SURPRWHG7KRVHZKRVHXQDFFHSWDEOHEHKDYLRUFRQWLQXHVZLOO
EHUHPRYHGIURPWKHLUSRVLWLRQV´$QDWLRQDOOHYHODUELWUDWLRQ
GHFLVLRQ IRXQG WKH -RLQW 6WDWHPHQW ZDV D FRQWUDFWXDOO\
HQIRUFHDEOHDJUHHPHQW WKH6QRZ$ZDUG
$IWHUPDQDJHPHQWGHQLHGWKHJULHYDQFH1$/&DSSHDOHG
WR DUELWUDWLRQ 7KH DUELWUDWRU KHDUG WHVWLPRQ\ IURP %R\G
%DUQHWWDQG:LOOLDPVFRQFHUQLQJWKHLQFLGHQW2EVHUYLQJ
WKDW %R\G FDPH FORVH WR VWDUWLQJ D ILJKW WKH DUELWUDWRU
FRQFOXGHG WKDW %R\G¶V JHVWXUHV DQG ZRUGV FRPELQHG WR
FRQVWLWXWH D FOHDU YLRODWLRQ RI WKH -RLQW 6WDWHPHQW 7KH
DUELWUDWRU DOVR IRXQG WKDW %R\G¶V SURPRWLRQ WR VWDWLRQ
PDQDJHUZKLFKZDVDSSURYHGE\:LOOLDPVWUHDWHG%R\G¶V
LPSURSHUEHKDYLRUZLWKD³ZLQNDQGDQRG´$VDUHPHG\WKH
DUELWUDWRURUGHUHGWKDW
0DQDJHU%R\GZLOOEHUHGXFHGLQSRVLWLRQWRVXSHUYLVRU
&XVWRPHU 6HUYLFHV WKH SRVLWLRQ ZKLFK KH RFFXSLHG
EHIRUHKLVSURPRWLRQRUWRDQHTXLYDOHQWSRVLWLRQRXWVLGH
WKHEDUJDLQLQJXQLW,IKHUHWXUQVWRKLVIRUPHUSRVLWLRQ
LWZLOOEHWRDGLIIHUHQWVWDWLRQZLWKLQWKH0HPSKLV2IILFH
RUWRDQRWKHURIILFH)XUWKHUKHZLOOQRWEH³UHZDUGHGRU
SURPRWHG´ IRU D SHULRG RI ILYH \HDUV IURP UHFHLSW RI
$ZDUG WKH SHULRG ZKLFK FRUUHVSRQGV LQ WLPH WR WKH
8QLWHG6WDWHV3RVWDO6HUYY
1DW¶O$VV¶QRI/HWWHU&DUULHUV
1R
1$/& DUJXHV DW RQH SRLQW WKDW WKLV ODQJXDJH GRHV QRW DFWXDOO\
UHTXLUH WKDW %R\G UHFHLYH D UHGXFWLRQ LQ JUDGH RU SD\ EHFDXVH WKH 3RVWDO
6HUYLFH ZRXOG KDYH WKH RSWLRQ RI PRYLQJ KLP WR ³DQ HTXLYDOHQW SRVLWLRQ
RXWVLGH WKH EDUJDLQLQJ XQLW´ :KLOH LW LV QRW FOHDU KRZ WKLV FRXOG EH
FRQVLVWHQW ZLWK LWV SRVLWLRQ EHIRUH WKH DUELWUDWRU RU WKLV FRXUW ZH DVVXPH
WKDW WKH DZDUG LQ IDFW UHTXLUHV WKH 3RVWDO 6HUYLFH WR GHPRWH %R\G WR KLV
SUHYLRXV SRVLWLRQ RU D SRVLWLRQ HTXDO WR WKDW SUHYLRXV SRVLWLRQ
SHQGHQF\ RI WKH 8QLRQ¶V JULHYDQFH ([FOXGHG IURP
³UHZDUGV´DUHQRUPDODFURVVWKHERDUGVDODU\LQFUHDVHV
WKHDPRXQWVRIZKLFKFRQVWLWXWHDGMXVWPHQWVIRULQIODWLRQ
RU³FRPSHWLWLYHVDODU\´FRQVLGHUDWLRQV
7KH3RVWDO6HUYLFHZDVDOVRRUGHUHGWRSODFHDFRS\RIWKH
DZDUG LQ %R\G¶V ILOH DQG SRVW DQ DSRORJ\ IURP WKH ORFDO
SRVWPDVWHU
6HHNLQJWRYDFDWHWKHDZDUGWKH3RVWDO6HUYLFHEURXJKWWKLV
DFWLRQDUJXLQJ WKDWWKHDUELWUDWRUH[FHHGHGKLVDXWKRULW\
XQGHU WKH FROOHFWLYH EDUJDLQLQJ DJUHHPHQW DQG WKDW
LPSOHPHQWDWLRQRIWKHDZDUGYLRODWHGSXEOLFSROLF\EHFDXVH
LWZRXOGIRUFHWKH3RVWDO6HUYLFHWRWUDQVJUHVVERWK%R\G¶V
FRQVWLWXWLRQDO GXH SURFHVV ULJKWV DQG KLV VWDWXWRU\
SUHGHSULYDWLRQ SURFHGXUDO ULJKWV ,Q JUDQWLQJ VXPPDU\
MXGJPHQWWR1$/&DQGGHQ\LQJVXPPDU\MXGJPHQWWRWKH
3RVWDO6HUYLFHWKHGLVWULFWFRXUWIRXQGWKDWWKH3RVWDO6HUYLFH
GLGQRWKDYHVWDQGLQJWRDVVHUW%R\G¶VULJKWVDQGWKDWVXFK
FODLPV ZHUH QRW ULSH IRU UHYLHZ EHFDXVH LW ZDV XQNQRZQ
ZKHWKHU%R\GZRXOGDVVHUWDYLRODWLRQRIWKRVHULJKWVXSRQ
EHLQJGHPRWHG
7KHRQO\FODLPSXUVXHGE\WKH3RVWDO6HUYLFHRQDSSHDOLV
WKDW WKH GLVWULFW FRXUW VKRXOG KDYH YDFDWHG WKH DUELWUDWLRQ
DZDUG DV FRQWUDU\ WR SXEOLF SROLF\ RQ WKH JURXQGV WKDW LW
ZRXOG IRUFH WKH 3RVWDO 6HUYLFH WR YLRODWH WKH VWDWXWRU\
-- 2 of 5 --
1R 8QLWHG6WDWHV3RVWDO6HUYY
1DW¶O$VV¶QRI/HWWHU&DUULHUV
7KH 3RVWDO 6HUYLFH KDV DEDQGRQHG DQ\ FODLP WKDW WKH DUELWUDWRU
H[FHHGHG KLV DXWKRULW\ XQGHU WKH &%$ RU WKDW WKH DZDUG ZRXOG UHTXLUH LW
WR YLRODWH %R\G¶V FRQVWLWXWLRQDO GXH SURFHVV ULJKWV 6HH (QHUWHFK (OHF
,QF Y 0DKRQLQJ &RXQW\ &RPP¶UV )G WK &LU
SURFHGXUDOSURWHFWLRQVLWZDVREOLJDWHGWRSURYLGHWR%R\G
XQGHU86&
,,
7KH GLVWULFW FRXUW¶V GHFLVLRQ UHJDUGLQJ MXULVGLFWLRQ LV
UHYLHZHGGHQRYR&KDUWHU7RZQVKLSRI0XVNHJRQY&LW\RI
0XVNHJRQ)G WK&LU /LNHZLVHRXU
UHYLHZRIDGHFLVLRQUHMHFWLQJDSXEOLFSROLF\FKDOOHQJHWRDQ
DUELWUDWLRQDZDUGLVDOVRGHQRYR0LG0LFKLJDQ5HJ¶O0HG
&WUY3URI(PSOR\HHV'LYRI/RFDO)G
WK &LU :H PD\ DIILUP D GHFLVLRQ RI WKH GLVWULFW
FRXUWLIFRUUHFWIRUDQ\UHDVRQLQFOXGLQJRQHQRWFRQVLGHUHG
EHORZ 6HH 5XVV¶ .ZLN &DU :DVK ,QF Y 0DUDWKRQ
3HWUROHXP&R)G WK&LU
2QHUHTXLUHPHQWIRU$UWLFOH,,,VWDQGLQJLVWKDWD³SODLQWLII
JHQHUDOO\PXVWDVVHUWKLVRZQOHJDOULJKWVDQGLQWHUHVWVDQG
FDQQRWUHVWKLVFODLPWRUHOLHIRQWKHOHJDOULJKWVRULQWHUHVWVRI
WKLUGSDUWLHV´,QW¶O8QLRQY'DQD&RUS)G
WK&LU TXRWLQJ:DUWKY6HOGLQ86
1$/& DUJXHV WKDW LPSOHPHQWDWLRQ RI WKH DZDUG
ZRXOG EHQHILW QRW LQMXUH WKH 3RVWDO 6HUYLFH E\ GHWHUULQJ
XQDFFHSWDEOH EHKDYLRU E\ RWKHU HPSOR\HHV 2XU FRQFHUQ
KRZHYHULVZKHWKHUWKHUHLVD³FDVH´ RU ³FRQWURYHUV\´IRU
$UWLFOH,,,SXUSRVHV:HDUHVDWLVILHGWKDWWRWKHH[WHQWWKH
3RVWDO 6HUYLFH FODLPV WKH DZDUG ZLOO IRUFH LW WR YLRODWH D
IHGHUDOVWDWXWHLWLVDVVHUWLQJLWVRZQULJKWVDQGKDV$UWLFOH,,,
VWDQGLQJ
$OWKRXJKWKHTXHVWLRQRIULSHQHVVEHDUVDFORVHDIILQLW\WR
TXHVWLRQVRIVWDQGLQJULSHQHVVIRFXVHVRQWKHWLPLQJRIWKH
DFWLRQUDWKHUWKDQRQWKHSDUW\WKDWEULQJVWKHVXLW3HRSOHV
5LJKWV2UJ,QFY&LW\RI&ROXPEXV)G WK
8QLWHG6WDWHV3RVWDO6HUYY
1DW¶O$VV¶QRI/HWWHU&DUULHUV
1R
&LU 7KHIDFWRUVWREHZHLJKHGLQGHFLGLQJZKHWKHUWR
DGGUHVVWKHTXHVWLRQLQFOXGH WKHOLNHOLKRRGWKDWWKHKDUP
DOOHJHGE\WKHSDUW\ZLOOHYHUFRPHWRSDVV ZKHWKHUWKH
IDFWXDO UHFRUG LV VXIILFLHQWO\ GHYHORSHG WR SURGXFH D IDLU
DGMXGLFDWLRQRIWKHPHULWVDQG WKHKDUGVKLSWRWKHSDUWLHV
LIMXGLFLDOUHOLHILVGHQLHGDWWKLVVWDJHLQWKHSURFHHGLQJV,G
$SSO\LQJ WKHVH IDFWRUV ZH ILQG WKDW WKLV FDVH LV ULSH IRU
UHYLHZ7KH3RVWDO6HUYLFHLVIDFHGZLWKDUHDVRQDEOHWKUHDW
RIOLDELOLW\LIFRPSOLDQFHZLWKWKHDUELWUDWLRQRUGHUYLRODWHV
WKH&65$$OVRWKHUHFRUGLVVXIILFLHQWO\GHYHORSHGWRDOORZ
XVWRFRQVLGHUWKHOHJDOTXHVWLRQEHIRUHXVRQDSSHDO
7KLVEULQJVXVWRWKHLVVXHSUHVVHGE\WKH3RVWDO6HUYLFH
ZKHWKHUWKHDUELWUDWLRQDZDUGVKRXOGEHYDFDWHGDVFRQWUDU\
WRSXEOLFSROLF\³>:@KHQDQDUELWUDWLRQDZDUGLVFKDOOHQJHG
RQSXEOLFSROLF\JURXQGVWKHFRXUWPXVWGHWHUPLQHZKHWKHU
WKH DUELWUDWRU¶V LQWHUSUHWDWLRQ RI WKH FRQWUDFW MHRSDUGL]HV D
ZHOOGHILQHGDQGGRPLQDQWSXEOLFSROLF\WDNLQJWKHIDFWVDV
IRXQGE\WKHDUELWUDWRU´%GRI&RXQW\&RPP¶UVY/5REHUW
.LPEDOO $VVRFV)G WK&LU 3XEOLF
SROLF\PXVWEHGHWHUPLQHGIURPODZVDQGOHJDOSUHFHGHQWV
QRWJHQHUDOFRQVLGHUDWLRQVRISXEOLFLQWHUHVW($VVRFLDWHG
&RDO &RUS Y 80:$ 'LVW 86
TXRWLQJ :5 *UDFH &R Y /RFDO 8QLRQ 1R ,QW¶O
8QLRQRI8QLWHG5XEEHU:RUNHUV86
7KH UHOHYDQW TXHVWLRQ LV QRW ZKHWKHU WKH XQGHUO\LQJ
FRQGXFWKHUH%R\G¶VDOOHJHGYLRODWLRQRIWKH-RLQW6WDWHPHQW
YLRODWHVSXEOLFSROLF\EXWUDWKHUZKHWKHURUGHULQJWKH3RVWDO
6HUYLFH WR GHPRWH %R\G EHFDXVH KH VKRXOG QRW KDYH EHHQ
SURPRWHG ZRXOG YLRODWH DQ H[SOLFLW SXEOLF SROLF\ 6HH
,QWHUVWDWH%UDQGV&RUSY&KDXIIHXUV/RFDO8QLRQ1R
)G WK &LU XSKROGLQJ DUELWUDWLRQ
DZDUGUHLQVWDWLQJGHOLYHU\GULYHUFKDUJHGZLWKGUXJRIIHQVHV
IRU RIIGXW\ FRQGXFW 7KDW LV ZRXOG LW IRUFH WKH 3RVWDO
6HUYLFHWRYLRODWHWKHODZ6HHHJ$P3RVWDO:RUNHUV
8QLRQ $)/&,2 Y 8QLWHG 6WDWHV 3RVWDO 6HUY )G
WK &LU DZDUG UHLQVWDWLQJ DLU WUDIILF
FRQWUROOHUZKRSDUWLFLSDWHGLQVWULNHFRXOGQRWEHHQIRUFHG
-- 3 of 5 --
1R 8QLWHG6WDWHV3RVWDO6HUYY
1DW¶O$VV¶QRI/HWWHU&DUULHUV
6XEVWDQWLDOO\ VLPLODU SURFHGXUDO SURWHFWLRQV DUH IRXQG LQ WKH 3RVWDO
6HUYLFH¶V (PSOR\HH /DERU 5HODWLRQV 0DQXDO (/0 ZKLFK LV DOVR
DGRSWHG DV DQ DJHQF\ UHJXODWLRQ 6HH &)5 D DQG
KWWSZZZSRVWDOZRUNHUVRQOLQHFRPHOPKWP
EHFDXVHIHGHUDOVWDWXWHSURKLELWHGHPSOR\PHQWRIRQHZKR
KDGSDUWLFLSDWHGLQDVWULNHDJDLQVWWKHJRYHUQPHQW
7KH3RVWDO6HUYLFHDUJXHVWKDWLWFDQQRWFRPSO\ZLWKWKH
DUELWUDWLRQ DZDUG ZLWKRXW YLRODWLQJ SURYLVLRQV RI WKH &LYLO
6HUYLFH5HIRUP$FWRI &65$ 86&
8QGHU WKH 3RVWDO 5HRUJDQL]DWLRQ $FW FHUWDLQ SUHIHUHQFH
HOLJLEOHSRVWDOHPSOR\HHVLQFOXGLQJVXSHUYLVRU\HPSOR\HHV
ZLWKRYHURQH\HDURIFRQWLQXRXVVHUYLFHDUHFRYHUHGE\WKH
&65$¶VSURYLVLRQIRUDGPLQLVWUDWLYHDQGMXGLFLDOUHYLHZRI
DGYHUVHSHUVRQQHODFWLRQV86& D $GYHUVH
SHUVRQQHO DFWLRQV DUH GHILQHG DV UHPRYDO IURP IHGHUDO
HPSOR\PHQWVXVSHQVLRQIRUPRUHWKDQGD\VDUHGXFWLRQ
LQJUDGHDUHGXFWLRQLQSD\DQGDIXUORXJKRIGD\VRUOHVV
86&7KHSURFHGXUDOSURWHFWLRQVDUHVHWIRUWKLQ
86& E ZKLFKVWDWHVWKDWDQHPSOR\HHDJDLQVW
ZKRPDQDFWLRQLVSURSRVHGLVHQWLWOHGWR DWOHDVWGD\V¶
DGYDQFH ZULWWHQ QRWLFH VWDWLQJ WKH VSHFLILF UHDVRQV IRU WKH
SURSRVHGDFWLRQ DUHDVRQDEOHWLPHWRDQVZHUDQGSURYLGH
DIILGDYLWVRURWKHUHYLGHQFHLQVXSSRUWRIWKDWDQVZHU WR
EHUHSUHVHQWHGE\DQDWWRUQH\DQG ³DZULWWHQGHFLVLRQDQG
WKHVSHFLILFUHDVRQVWKHUHIRUDWWKHHDUOLHVWSUDFWLFDEOHGDWH´
,GDW E 7KHDJHQF\PD\SURYLGHDKHDULQJLQOLHX
RI RU LQ DGGLWLRQ WR WKH RSSRUWXQLW\ WR DQVZHU ,G DW
F )LQDOO\WKHVWDWXWHSURYLGHVWKDWDQHPSOR\HHLV
DOVR HQWLWOHG WR DSSHDO WKH DFWLRQ WR WKH 0HULW 6\VWHPV
3URWHFWLRQ %RDUG 063% XQGHU 86& ,G DW
G
$OOLQGLFDWLRQVWRGDWHLQFOXGLQJUHSUHVHQWDWLRQVPDGHE\
FRXQVHODWRUDODUJXPHQWDUHWKDWWKH3RVWDO6HUYLFHKDV\HWWR
WDNHDGYHUVHDFWLRQDJDLQVW%R\GDVUHTXLUHGE\WKHDUELWUDWLRQ
DZDUG7KH3RVWDO6HUYLFHDUJXHVILUVWWKDWWKHDZDUGGLUHFWHG
LW WR GHPRWH %R\G VXPPDULO\ DQG ZLWKRXW UHJDUG IRU WKH
8QLWHG6WDWHV3RVWDO6HUYY
1DW¶O$VV¶QRI/HWWHU&DUULHUV
1R
&65$¶VSURFHGXUDOUHTXLUHPHQWV2QWKHFRQWUDU\WKHDZDUG
GRHVQRWVSHFLI\WKHPDQQHUE\ZKLFKWKHUHPHG\LVWREH
LPSOHPHQWHG :H ILQG WKDW WKH 3RVWDO 6HUYLFH UHPDLQV
FDSDEOHRIVWULFWO\FRPSO\LQJZLWKWKHVWDWXWH¶VUHTXLUHPHQWV
EHJLQQLQJZLWKZULWWHQQRWLFHRIWKHSURSRVHGDGYHUVHDFWLRQ
WKDWVSHFLILFDOO\VWDWHVWKHDUELWUDWLRQDZDUGDVWKHEDVLVIRU
WKHSURSRVHGDFWLRQ
1H[WDOOEXWFRQFHGLQJWKDWLWFRXOGVWULFWO\FRPSO\ZLWK
WKHVWDWXWHWKH3RVWDO6HUYLFHDUJXHVWKDWFRPSOLDQFHZLWK
WKRVHSURFHGXUDOSURWHFWLRQVZRXOGEHD³VKDP´DQGWKHUHIRUH
DYLRODWLRQRIWKH&65$EHFDXVHLWZRXOGQRWSURYLGH%R\G
ZLWK³PHDQLQJIXO´SUHGHSULYDWLRQSURFHVV,QSDUWLFXODUWKH
3RVWDO6HUYLFHUHOLHVRQWKHIUDPHZRUNVHWRXWE\WKH063%
IRU UHYLHZLQJ WKH UHDVRQDEOHQHVV RI DQ DJHQF\LPSRVHG
SHQDOW\ LQ OLJKW RI D QRQH[FOXVLYH OLVW RI UHOHYDQW IDFWRUV
'RXJODV Y 9HWHUDQV $GPLQ 0635
1HLWKHUWKRVHIDFWRUVQRUWKHIUDPHZRUNVHWRXWLQ'RXJODV
IRUZHLJKLQJWKHPUHSUHVHQWDVWDWXWRU\PDQGDWHXQGHUWKH
&65$)XUWKHUWKHDUELWUDWLRQDZDUGGRHVQRWGHSULYH%R\G
RIKLVULJKWVXQGHUWKH&65$WRDSSHDOKLVGHPRWLRQWRWKH
063%
,QDQDSSHDOWRWKH063%%R\GZRXOGKDYHWKHULJKWWRD
IXOO HYLGHQWLDU\ KHDULQJ DQG WKH ULJKW WR EH UHSUHVHQWHG E\
FRXQVHO 86& D DQG 7KH 063% KDV
DXWKRULW\ WR UHYHUVH WKH DJHQF\ DFWLRQ LI %R\G FDQ VKRZ
SURFHGXUDOHUURUZRXOGOLNHO\KDYHDKDUPIXOHIIHFWRQWKH
RXWFRPH RI KLV FDVH EHIRUH WKH DJHQF\ 86&
F $ VHHDOVR6WHSKHQY'HS¶WRI$LU)RUFH
0635 7KH063%DOVRKDVWKHDXWKRULW\
WR GHWHUPLQH ZKDW HIIHFW LI DQ\ WKH DUELWUDWLRQ GHFLVLRQ
VKRXOG EH JLYHQ LI %R\G ZHUH WR GHFLGH WR DSSHDO KLV
GHPRWLRQ 6HH $XOLN Y 8QLWHG 6WDWHV 3RVWDO 6HUYLFH
0635 :HVWEURRNY'HS¶WRI$LU)RUFH
0635 $VWKH1$/&FRQFHGHVDQ\UHOLHI
JUDQWHGWR%R\GE\WKH063%ZRXOGWDNHSUHFHGHQFHRYHUWKH
DUELWUDWLRQDZDUG7KXVZHILQGWKDWLPSOHPHQWDWLRQRIWKH
-- 4 of 5 --
1R 8QLWHG6WDWHV3RVWDO6HUYY
1DW¶O$VV¶QRI/HWWHU&DUULHUV
$OWKRXJK QRW WKH EDVLV RI RXU GHFLVLRQ WKHUH DSSHDUV WR EH PHULW WR
WKH DUJXPHQW WKDW WKH 3RVWDO 6HUYLFH ZDLYHG LWV SXEOLF SROLF\ FKDOOHQJH WR
WKH DUELWUDWLRQ DZDUG E\ IDLOLQJ WR UDLVH LW GXULQJ DUELWUDWLRQ 6HH 8QLWHG
6WDWHV 3RVWDO 6HUY Y 1DW¶O $VV¶Q RI /HWWHU &DUULHUV 1R
:/ WK &LU 1RY XQSXEOLVKHG GLVSRVLWLRQ -XVW DV
WKH )RXUWK &LUFXLW QRWHG KRZHYHU WKDW ZDLYHU ZRXOG QRW SUHYHQW %R\G
IURP UDLVLQJ LW LQ DQ DSSHDO WR WKH 063% ,G DW Q
DUELWUDWLRQDZDUGZRXOGQRWIRUFHWKH3RVWDO6HUYLFHWRYLRODWH
WKH&65$DQGWKHUHIRUHLVQRWFRQWUDU\WRSXEOLFSROLF\
$)),50('
-- 5 of 5 --
Connect Omnilex to search the legal corpus from your AI assistant.