Lamar A. Williams v. Baltimore County Government; Vincent J. Gardina

UNPUBLISHED
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE FOURTH CIRCUIT
No. 17-1591
LAMAR A. WILLIAMS,
Plaintiff - Appellant,
v.
BALTIMORE COUNTY GOVERNMENT; VINCENT J. GARDINA,
Defendants - Appellees.
Appeal from the United States District Court for the District of Maryland, at Baltimore.
James K. Bredar, District Judge. (1:17-cv-00066-JKB)
Submitted: August 17, 2017 Decided: August 21, 2017
Before KEENAN, THACKER, and HARRIS, Circuit Judges.
Dismissed in part, affirmed in part by unpublished per curiam opinion.
Lamar A. Williams, Appellant Pro Se. Paul M. Mayhew, Assistant Counsel,
BALTIMORE COUNTY OFFICE OF LAW, Towson, Maryland, for Appellees.
Unpublished opinions are not binding precedent in this circuit.

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PER CURIAM:
Lamar A. Williams appeals the district court’s order denying his motion to
reconsider its denial of his motion for a preliminary injunction or temporary restraining
order. Williams also seeks to appeal the district court’s orders denying his motions to
further seal documents in his case and to reconsider the denial of this motion.
As a threshold inquiry to any appeal, we are obliged to satisfy ourselves of our
appellate jurisdiction. See Clark v. Cartledge, 829 F.3d 303, 305 (4th Cir. 2016). We
may exercise jurisdiction only over final orders, 28 U.S.C. § 1291 (2012), and certain
interlocutory and collateral orders, 28 U.S.C. § 1292 (2012); Fed. R. Civ. P. 54(b); Cohen
v. Beneficial Indus. Loan Corp., 337 U.S. 541, 545-46 (1949). The district court’s orders
denying Williams’ motion to extend the sealing of his case and his motion to reconsider
the denial of this motion are neither final orders nor appealable interlocutory or collateral
orders. See United States v. Guerrero, 693 F.3d 990, 995-99 (9th Cir. 2012). The
portion of the court’s order denying Williams’ motion to reconsider its denial of a
temporary restraining order is also not an appealable interlocutory order. See Virginia v.
Tenneco, Inc., 538 F.2d 1026, 1029-30 (4th Cir. 1976). We therefore dismiss these
portions of the appeal for lack of jurisdiction.
A district court’s decision denying a preliminary injunction is an appealable
interlocutory decision, 28 U.S.C. § 1292(a)(1), and our review is for abuse of discretion,
League of Women Voters of N.C. v. North Carolina, 769 F.3d 224, 235 (4th Cir. 2014).
We also review for abuse of discretion a district court’s denial of Fed. R. Civ. P. 59(e)
relief. Wilkins v. Montgomery, 751 F.3d 214, 220 (4th Cir. 2014); see Mayfield v. Nat’l

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Ass’n for Stock Car Auto Racing, Inc., 674 F.3d 369, 378 (4th Cir. 2012) (describing
grounds for Rule 59(e) relief). To establish entitlement to a preliminary injunction,
Williams must demonstrate that: (1) “he is likely to succeed on the merits”; (2) “he is
likely to suffer irreparable harm in the absence of preliminary relief”; (3) “the balance of
equities tips in his favor”; and (4) “an injunction is in the public interest.” Winter v.
Natural Res. Def. Council, Inc., 555 U.S. 7, 20 (2008). “A preliminary injunction is an
extraordinary remedy,” to be granted only on a clear showing of entitlement to that relief.
Id. at 22 (internal quotation marks omitted).
We discern no abuse of discretion in the district court’s denial of Williams’
motion to reconsider the denial of a preliminary injunction. Our review of the record
supports the conclusion that Williams failed to demonstrate a clear likelihood of success
on the merits or a clear right to the relief he seeks. Id. at 20, 22. We therefore affirm the
district court’s denial of Williams’ motion to reconsider the denial of preliminary
injunctive relief.
Accordingly, we dismiss the appeal in part for lack of jurisdiction, insofar as it
challenges the denial of Williams’ motions to extend sealing, to reconsider that denial,
and to reconsider the denial of a temporary restraining order. We affirm the district
court’s decision to deny reconsideration of its denial of a preliminary injunction. We
dispense with oral argument because the facts and legal contentions are adequately

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presented in the materials before this court and argument would not aid the decisional
process.
DISMISSED IN PART;
AFFIRMED IN PART

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