Christoppel Eduard Sambuaga v. Attorney General of the United States

The Honorable Gustave Diamond, Senior District Judge for the United States District*
Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania, sitting by designation.
NOT PRECEDENTIAL
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT
Case No: 06-4283
CHRISTOPPEL EDUARD SAMBUAGA,
Petitioner
v.
ATTORNEY GENERAL OF THE UNITED STATES,
Respondent
On Petition for Review from the Board of Immigration Appeals,
BIA No. A96-204-529
Immigration Judge: The Honorable Charles Honeyman
Submitted Pursuant to Third Circuit L.A.R. 34.1(a)
February 14, 2008
Before: SLOVITER, and SMITH, Circuit Judges,
DIAMOND, District Judge*
(Filed: February 15, 2008)
OPINION
SMITH, Circuit Judge:

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The IJ had jurisdiction pursuant to 8 C.F.R. § 208.2(b). The BIA had appellate1
jurisdiction pursuant to 8 C.F.R. § 3.1(b). This Court has jurisdiction to review the BIA’s
order pursuant to 8 U.S.C. § 1252(b).
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Petitioner Christoppel Eduard Sambuaga (“Sambuaga”), an Indonesian national,
seeks review of an order issued by the Board of Immigration Appeals (“BIA”) on August
30, 2006, which adopted and affirmed the decision of the Immigration Judge (“IJ”)
denying Sambuaga’s applications for asylum, withholding of removal, and protection
under the Convention Against Torture (“CAT”). Sambuaga was admitted to the United1
States in July of 1994 as a nonimmigrant student in order to attend the International
Theological Seminary, and his wife and three children joined him three months later.
After two years, Sambuaga discontinued his studies at the Seminary, but nevertheless
remained in the United States. On May 5, 2003, Sambuaga was charged with
removability under 8 U.S.C. § 1227(a)(1)(C)(i) for failing to comply with the conditions
required while holding nonimmigrant status. On October 22, 2003 he submitted a
defensive application for relief in the form of asylum, withholding of removal, and
protection under the CAT on the basis of his Christian religion. In his application,
Sambuaga asserted that he feared future persecution from Muslims in Indonesia because
of his religious practices.
On April 18, 2005, following a hearing on the merits of Sambuaga’s asylum
application, the IJ issued a thorough and well-reasoned opinion denying Sambuaga’s
applications for asylum, withholding, and protection under CAT. The IJ found Sambuaga

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An alien may apply for asylum if he or she “demonstrates by clear and convincing2
evidence that the application has been filed within 1 year after the date of the alien’s
arrival in the United States.” 8 U.S.C. § 1158(a)(2)(B).
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credible, but because the Petitioner filed his asylum application well-after the asylum
filing deadline of one year, the IJ determined that Sambuaga’s application was2
pretermitted. The IJ determined that Sambuaga was not eligible for withholding of
removal because he had failed to prove, other than through his testimony, that he would
endure persecution because of his faith. Furthermore, the IJ found that Sambuaga had
failed to demonstrate that he warranted protection under the CAT because he provided no
evidence that he would be detained or tortured by the Indonesian government or with the
agreement or encouragement of the Indonesian government. On August 30, 2006 the
BIA dismissed Sambuaga’s appeal and this timely petition for review followed.
As a preliminary matter, we lack jurisdiction to review the denial of Sambuaga’s
asylum application. Having been filed beyond the one-year deadline, it was untimely.
See Sukwanputra v. Gonzales, 434 F.3d 627, 634 (3d Cir. 2006).
An application for withholding of removal precludes the removal of an alien “if
the Attorney General decides that the alien’s life or freedom would be threatened in that
country because of the alien’s . . . religion.” 8 U.S.C. § 1231(b)(3)(A). To obtain relief
under this provision, an alien must establish by a “clear probability” that his life or
freedom would be threatened in the proposed country of deportation. I.N.S. v. Stevic, 467
U.S. 407, 413 (1984). This “requires that an application [for withholding of deportation]

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be supported by evidence establishing that it is more likely than not that the alien would
be subject to persecution on one of the specified grounds.” Id. at 429. In Fatin v. I.N.S.,
12 F.3d 1233 (3d Cir. 1993), we acknowledged that the BIA had interpreted the term
“persecution” “to include threats to life, confinement, torture, and economic restrictions
so severe that they constitute a threat to life or freedom.” Id. at 1240 (citing Matter of
Acosta, 19 I. & N. Dec. 211, 229 (BIA 1985)). We also noted that the “BIA suggested
that ‘[g]enerally harsh conditions shared by many other persons’ do not amount to
persecution.” Id. We determined that the BIA’s “concept of persecution does not
encompass all treatment that our society regards as unfair, unjust, or even unlawful or
unconstitutional” and found the BIA’s interpretation was permissible. Id. Whether
Sambuaga has demonstrated a well-founded fear of future persecution on account of his
religion “is a factual determination reviewed under the substantial evidence standard.”
Gao v. Ashcroft, 299 F.3d 266, 272 (3d Cir. 2002).
The IJ issued a lengthy and thorough opinion where his findings that Sambuaga
had not demonstrated a reasonable fear of future persecution were supported by
substantial evidence. We decline to find Sambuaga eligible for withholding or protection
under the CAT in light of our holding in Lie v. Ashcroft, 396 F.3d 530, 537 (3d Cir. 2005)
(finding that there is insufficient evidence to establish that there is “an individualized risk
of persecution . . .[of] Chinese Christians in Indonesia.”).
For the reasons stated above, we will deny Sambuaga’s petition for review.

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