Robert W. Neal v. COMMISSIONER OF SOCIAL SECURITY On Appeal from the United States District Court for…

* Honorable Evan J. Wallach, United States Court of International Trade, sitting by
designation.
NOT PRECEDENTIAL
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT
__________
No. 02-2765
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ROBERT W. NEAL,
Appellant
v.
COMMISSIONER OF SOCIAL SECURITY
__________
On Appeal from the United States District Court
for the District of New Jersey
(D.C. Civil No. 00-cv-05665)
District Judge: Judge Joseph A. Greenaway, Jr.
__________
Submitted Under Third Circuit LAR 34.1(a)
December 11, 2002
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Before: FUENTES, and GARTH, Circuit Judges, and WALLACH, Judge*
(Opinion Filed: February 10, 2003)
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OPINION
_________

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1 We dispense with a full recitation of the facts as the parties are familiar with them.
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WALLACH, Judge:
I.
Appellant Robert W. Neal applied for a Period of Disability, Disability
Insurance Benefits, and Supplemental Security Income on April 15, 1996, alleging
disability beginning September 15, 1995.1 The application was denied, as was
reconsideration. Neal then filed a request for de novo review before an Administrative
Law Judge (“ALJ”) on February 10, 1997. An administrative hearing was held on December
16, 1997, and the ALJ granted Neal’s application after concluding that Neal met the criteria
for peripheral neuropathy with a later onset of disability on December 1, 1996. Neal then
sought Social Security Administration Appeals Council review and the council concluded
that no grounds for review existed. Accordingly, Neal exhausted all administrative
remedies.
Neal filed suit in the District Court of New Jersey on November 17, 2000, pursuant
to 42 U.S.C. § 1383(c)(3) and § 405(g), challenging the Commissioner’s final ruling. The
district court affirmed the final decision of the Commissioner and dismissed the appeal on
May 23, 2002. Neal thereafter filed this appeal. We have jurisdiction pursuant to 28
U.S.C. § 1291. We affirm the district court’s judgment.

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II.
Our review of the district court’s legal determinations is plenary. Schaudeck v.
Comm’r of Soc. Sec., 181 F.3d 429, 431 (3d Cir. 1999). We review the Commissioner’s
decisions for support by substantial evidence, 42 U.S.C. § 405(g), which is relevant
evidence that a reasonable mind may accept as adequate to support a conclusion.
Consolidated Edison v. Nat’l Labor Relations Bd, 305 U.S. 197, 229, 59 S. Ct. 206, 83
L.Ed 126 (1938).
III.
Neal appealed the ALJ’s denial of disability benefits prior to December 1, 1996,
alleging there was no explanation or evidentiary basis to support the ALJ’s finding. Neal
also argues that a determination of the date of the onset of his slowly progressing disease
required the testimony of a medical expert. He says the ALJ’s decision violated Social
Security Ruling 83-20 (“SSR-83-20”), and that the ALJ’s finding that he only met disability
criteria on December 1, 1996, violated the court’s holding in Burnett v. Comm’r, 220 F.3d
112 (3d Cir. 2000). Finally, Neal argues that the ALJ’s residual functional assessment was
unsupported by the evidence.
IV.
Appellant first argued that the ALJ’s denial of disability benefits prior to December
1, 1996 violates the Cotter Doctrine and claims that there is no explanation or evidentiary
basis to support the ALJ’s finding. The Cotter court stated that
[The Court] need[s] from the ALJ not only an expression of the evidence s/he

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2 Counsel’s argument that the judge picked a date out of his imagination, in light of Neal’s testimony
that his symptoms began approximately a year prior to the administrative hearing, has no basis in the
record. Counsel must avoid pejorative and unfounded arguments. They ill serve his client and
adversely affect his credibility.
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considered which supports the result, but also some indication of the evidence
which was rejected. In the absence of such an indication, the reviewing court cannot
tell if significant probative evidence was not credited or simply ignored.
Cotter v. Harris, 642 F.2d 700, 705 (3d Cir. 1981).
In this case, the ALJ found Neal’s disability started on the date he testified that
symptoms of peripheral neuropathy in his left arm and foot began: approximately a year
prior to the administrative hearing. The district court found Neal gave conflicting
testimony about the onset of his symptoms. Neal told a doctor that they began in April
1997, and he told the ALJ December of 1996. It was not until June of 1997 that Neal had
medical records that reported his dragging foot and uncontrollable movements in his left
hand. The ALJ accepted the 1996 date in awarding disability, thus accepting Neal’s
testimony on the date his symptoms began.
Neal also claimed the ALJ’s decision violated the Commissioner’s ruling at SSR 83-
20. He argued the ALJ “picked the disability onset date of December 1, 1996 out of his
imagination.”2 Appellant’s Brief at 12. SSR 83-20 provides that “[f]actors relevant to the
determination of disability onset include the individual’s allegation, the work history, and
the medical evidence. . . . In determining the date onset of disability, the date alleged by the
individual should be used if it is consistent with all the evidence available.” SSR 83-20. The

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ALJ’s opinion tracks the ruling’s requirements. The first documented medical record
concerning Neal’s physical symptoms did not occur until June 1997, and Neal testified that
his actual physical symptoms of a dragging leg and hand began about a year prior to the
administrative hearing (in December of 1996). The district court properly found that the
ALJ’s determination, based upon the Plaintiff’s testimony as to the onset of his symptoms,
was supported by substantial evidence and in accordance with the Social Security Ruling.
Neal’s third claim is that he required the testimony of a medical expert to determine
the onset date of his peripheral neuropathy. Neal argued that under Walton v. Halter, 243
F.3d 703 (3d Cir. 2001), a medical expert was necessary to establish the onset of disability
as it was not precisely known. The claimant in Walton had an exceptionally long history of
impairment and lacked medical records detailing the impairment. Walton, 243 F.3d at 709.
The ALJ in that case was forced to make a retroactive inference regarding a remote onset
date based on indefinite medical evidence. Id. The ALJ resolved any ambiguity here in
Neal’s favor; Walton is inapplicable.
Neal’s fourth argument is that the ALJ dismissed Neal’s subjective complaints
without analyzing them under the Commissioner’s regulatory protocol. The Commissioner
follows a procedure set forth under 20 C.F.R. § 404.1520. That procedure requires that the
Commissioner determine whether the claimant has been working; whether he suffers from
a severe medical impairment that limits his ability to work; and whether the impairment
meets or equals the criteria of an impairment listed at 20 C.F.R. Part 404, Subpart P,
Appendix 1. If the claimant meets these criteria, then he will be found disabled. If he does

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not, then the Commissioner must determine whether he is incapable of performing his past
relevant work. If found unable, the Commissioner must consider the claimant’s residual
functional capacity and the claimant’s age, education, and past work experience to see
whether the claimant can do other work. Id. at § 404.1520(f).
Neal claims that the ALJ ignored impairments, which met the listings of other
disabilities, and that medical evidence supported these claims. The ALJ has the duty to
identify relevant listed impairments, investigate facts, and develop arguments both for and
against benefits, as Social Security proceedings are inquisitorial rather than adversarial.
Burnett, 220 F.3d at 120; Sims v. Apfel, 530 U.S. 103, 110-111, 120 S. Ct. 2080, 147 L. Ed.
2d 80 (2000). In Burnett, the ALJ failed to list the relevant impairments and did not
explain step three of the five-step process for awarding or denying benefits. Burnett, 220
F.3d at 120.
The ALJ stated that Neal’s representative argued at the hearing that his impairments
met listings of peptic ulcer, central nervous system vascular accident, Parkinsonian
Syndrome, and large intestine carcinoma. The ALJ listed the claimed impairments and then
stated that he found that “the criteria for disability were not met based on objective findings
in the evidence of record.” In the case of Robert W. Neal, Social Security Administrative
Decision (Mar. 1998) at 3. In addressing this argument, the district court cited Cotter,
which stated that “the ALJ is not required to supply a comprehensive explanation for the
rejection of evidence; in most cases, a sentence or short paragraph would probably suffice.”
650 F.2d at 482. Neal failed to point to specific information that substantiates his

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assertions that the ALJ either ignored evidence, or failed to take into consideration
portions of the claimant’s testimony or medical records. Under Cotter, the ALJ’s
determination that Neal failed to meet the criteria required for these listings was supported
by substantial evidence.
Once the ALJ finds a disability, the final step of the evaluation process for granting
Social Security benefits places the onus on the agency, considering the claimant’s age,
education, past work experience, and residual functional capacity, to determine whether the
person is capable of performing any other work, which exists in the “national economy.”
Brewster v. Heckler, 786 F.2d 581, 583-84 (3d Cir. 1986); 20 C.F.R. § 404.1520(f). The
residual functional capacity (“RFC”) “is a function-by-function assessment based upon all
of the relevant evidence of an individual’s ability to perform work-related activities.” SSR
96-9p. The findings of fact made by state agency medical consultants must be treated as
expert opinion evidence of nonexamining sources at the ALJ and Appeals Council levels of
administrative review. See SSR 96-6p. An ALJ may not ignore these opinions and must
explain the weight given them. Id. In this case, the ALJ determined Neal’s RFC based upon
Neal’s testimony and the state agency medical consultant’s assessment. The medical
consultant found that Neal could lift and carry 25 pounds on a frequent basis and 50 pounds
on an occasional basis, and that he was able to sit, stand and walk for six hours of an eight-
hour day. While a state agency medical assessment is given weight only when it is
supported by the evidence, SSR 96-6p, Neal did not submit evidence that countered the
state agency consultant’s assessment. Therefore, the ALJ’s use of this medical testimony,

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and Neal’s description of his daily activities, is in accordance with the Social Security
Rulings and constitutes substantial evidence.
V.
For the foregoing reasons, the judgment of the District Court will be AFFIRMED.
TO THE CLERK:
Please file the foregoing opinion.
/s/ Evan J. Wallach
Judge

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