Barbara A. Hayes-Libby v. Douglas A. Collins, Secretary of Veterans Affairs

N OTE: This disposition is nonprecedential.
United States Court of Appeals
for the Federal Circuit
______________________
BARBARA A. HAYES-LIBBY,
Claimant-Appellant
v.
DOUGLAS A. COLLINS, SECRETARY OF
VETERANS AFFAIRS,
Respondent-Appellee
______________________
2025-1384
______________________
Appeal from the United States Court of Appeals for
Veterans Claims in No. 23-3817, Judge Joseph L. Toth.
______________________
Decided: July 11, 2025
______________________
BARBARA A. HAYES -L IBBY , San Antonio, TX, pro se.
MEREDYTH COHEN HAVASY , Commercial Litigation
Branch, Civil Division, United States Department of Jus-
tice, Washington, DC, for respondent-appellee. Also repre-
sented by ELIZABETH MARIE H OSFORD, P ATRICIA M.
MCCARTHY , YAAKOV R OTH .
______________________
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HAYES- LIBBY v. COLLINS 2
Before L OURIE and P ROST , Circuit Judges, and BUMB,
Chief District Judge.1
P ER CURIAM .
Barbara A. Hayes-Libby appeals a decision of the
United States Court of Appeals for Veterans Claims (“Vet-
erans Court”) denying an earlier effective date for her ser-
vice-connection claim. Hayes-Libby v. McDonough, No. 23-
3817, 2024 WL 3817216 (Vet. App. Aug. 15, 2024) (“Deci-
sion”). For the reasons set forth below, we dismiss.
BACKGROUND
Ms. Hayes-Libby served on active duty in the U.S. Air
Force from August 1974 to August 1995. S.A. 14.2 Shortly
before separation, she filed a service-connection claim for a
right hand and arm disability and a left ankle disability.
Decision, 2024 WL 3817216, at *1. In 1996, a Department
of Veterans Affairs (“VA”) regional office (“RO”) granted
service connection for her left-ankle disability and “as-
signed a noncompensable (0%) rating.” Id. The RO deter-
mined that Ms. Hayes-Libby’s “right arm claim was not
well-grounded, so she should submit evidence supporting
the claim within one year of the decision” or otherwise her
claim would be considered incomplete. Id. Ms. Hayes-
Libby filed a notice of disagreement (“NOD”) and the VA
issued a Statement of the Case continuing the RO decision.
Because Ms. Hayes-Libby did not perfect her appeal by
submitting a VA Form 9, the VA decision became final. In
2001, the VA denied another right arm condition service-
1 Honorable Renée M. Bumb, Chief Judge, United
States District Court for the District of New Jersey, sitting
by designation.
2 “S.A.” refers to the supplemental appendix in-
cluded with the government’s informal brief.
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HAYES- LIBBY v. COLLINS 3
connection claim filed by Ms. Hayes-Libby. She did not file
a NOD with that decision, and it also became final.
In 2011, Ms. Hayes-Libby submitted a claim for in-
creased rating for her left ankle disability and for service-
connection for her right arm. Id. at *2. As part of her
claim, she alleged clear and unmistakable error (“CUE”) in
the 1996 RO decision. In 2015, the RO granted a 10% rat-
ing for her left ankle disability and awarded service con-
nection with a 20% rating for her right shoulder condition,
both effective on May 31, 2011, the date of her most recent
claim. Ms. Hayes-Libby filed a NOD with the 2015 RO de-
cision in which she also reasserted her CUE allegations re-
garding the 1996 RO decision. In 2019 the agency of
original jurisdiction (“AOJ”) notified her that it would not
accept her CUE allegations because she failed to state a
valid claim. Ms. Hayes-Libby appealed the 2015 RO deci-
sion and, in her appeal, also appeared to disagree with the
2019 AOJ letter rejecting her CUE claim.
In May 2023, the Board of Veterans’ Appeals (“Board”)
remanded the issues of higher rating for her right shoulder
disability and left ankle disability. Id. The Board, how-
ever, denied an earlier effective date for the right shoulder
disability and the left ankle disability because the 1996 and
2001 “rating decisions were final, and no formal or informal
claim was submitted prior to May 2011.” Id. at *2. The
Board also found that it lacked jurisdiction to review
Ms. Hayes-Libby’s CUE allegations because the AOJ had
not adjudicated a CUE claim. Ms. Hayes-Libby appealed
the Board’s decision to the Veterans Court.
Ms. Hayes-Libby raised two main issues before the Vet-
erans Court: (1) CUE in the 1996 RO decision and (2) ear-
lier effective date for her service-connection claims. Id. In
August 2024, the Veterans Court vacated and remanded
the Board’s decision regarding CUE in the 1996 RO deci-
sion. The Veterans Court concluded that the Board erred
in finding no jurisdiction over Ms. Hayes-Libby’s CUE
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HAYES- LIBBY v. COLLINS 4
allegations, because the AOJ adjudicated a CUE claim and
rejected it for lack of specificity. Id. at *3. Regarding the
earlier-effective-date issue, the Veterans Court affirmed
the Board’s decision. The Veterans Court found that
Ms. Hayes-Libby did not argue that she made a formal or
informal claim between her prior finally decided claims in
1996 and 2001 and the claim on appeal. The Veterans
Court also found that she made no argument that her left
ankle condition worsened in the year before her claim such
that an earlier effective date would be warranted under 38
U.S.C. § 5110(b)(3). As a result, the Veterans Court found
no error in the Board’s effective-date determinations under
38 U.S.C. § 5110. The Veterans Court dismissed
Ms. Hayes-Libby’s remaining arguments because they
were about additional conditions that were “either not be-
fore the [c]ourt or were not before the Board.” Id.
The Veterans Court granted Ms. Hayes-Libby’s motion
for panel reconsideration but ordered that “the single-judge
decision remains the decision of the [Veterans] Court.”
S.A. 24–25.
Ms. Hayes-Libby timely appealed. Our jurisdiction
over appeals from Veterans Court decisions is governed by
38 U.S.C. § 7292.
D ISCUSSION
The scope of our review in an appeal from a Veterans
Court’s decision is limited. We may review a Veterans
Court’s decision on a rule of law or the validity or interpre-
tation of any statue or regulation relied on by the Veterans
Court in making the decision. 38 U.S.C. § 7292(a). Except
with respect to constitutional issues, we “may not review
(A) a challenge to a factual determination, or (B) a chal-
lenge to a law or regulation as applied to the facts of a par-
ticular case.” Id. § 7292(d)(2). “[W]e review the Veterans
Court’s legal determinations de novo.” Blubaugh v.
McDonald, 773 F.3d 1310, 1312 (Fed. Cir. 2014). We “hold
unlawful and set aside any regulation or any interpretation
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HAYES- LIBBY v. COLLINS 5
thereof” that we find to be “(A) arbitrary, capricious, an
abuse of discretion, or otherwise not in accordance with
law; (B) contrary to constitutional right, power, privilege,
or immunity; (C) in excess of statutory jurisdiction, author-
ity, or limitations, or in violation of a statutory right; or
(D) without observance of procedure required by law.”
38 U.S.C. § 7292(d)(1).
On appeal, Ms. Hayes-Libby mainly challenges the
Veterans Court’s decision denying an earlier effective date
for her service-connection claim. Appellant’s Informal Br.
1; Informal Reply Br. 10.
Ms. Hayes-Libby’s arguments challenge application of
law to facts and are therefore outside our jurisdiction. For
example, although she argues that the Veterans Court mis-
interpreted the effective date under § 5110 and ignored a
revised version of § 5110(g), Appellant’s Informal Br. 1, the
court did not cite to § 5110(g) and its decision did not in-
volve an interpretation of § 5110. Rather, the Veterans
Court applied § 5110 to the facts of the case. The court
noted that under § 5110 an effective date will generally be
the date of receipt of the claim, or the date entitlement
arose, whichever is later. Decision, 2024 WL 3817216, at
*2. The Veterans Court then applied the law to the facts of
the case and found that Ms. Hayes-Libby “was assigned an
effective date commensurate with the date of her claim to
reopen her claims for service connection of a right arm con-
dition and for a higher rating for a left ankle fracture.” Id.
Apart from any CUE, the Veterans Court discerned no rea-
sons for an earlier effective date and determined that
Ms. Hayes-Libby “is in receipt of the earliest possible effec-
tive date for her claims.” Decision, 2024 WL 3817216, at
*2. We lack jurisdiction to review the Veterans Court’s fac-
tual determinations or application of law to facts. We
therefore dismiss Ms. Hayes-Libby’s appeal regarding ear-
lier effective date for her service-connection claims.
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HAYES- LIBBY v. COLLINS 6
Ms. Hayes-Libby’s remaining arguments, even con-
strued liberally, do not raise any issue within our jurisdic-
tion. First, Ms. Hayes-Libby appears to argue that the
Veterans Court misinterpreted 38 C.F.R. § 3.103(b) in re-
gard to notice of VA decisions, and she appears to argue a
procedural due-process violation of her right to notice un-
der § 5103 in connection with her CUE allegations. Appel-
lant’s Informal Br. 2. The Veterans Court, however, did
not cite to or interpret 38 C.F.R. § 3.103(b) or 38 U.S.C.
§ 5103, and its decision did not involve notice require-
ments. Moreover, the Veterans Court remanded her CUE
allegations to the Board for reconsideration. See Decision,
2024 WL 3817216, at *4. Characterization of an issue “as
constitutional in nature does not confer upon us jurisdic-
tion that we otherwise lack.” Flores v. Nicholson, 476 F.3d
1379, 1382 (Fed. Cir. 2007) (quoting Helfer v. West, 174
F.3d 1332, 1335 (Fed.Cir.1999)).
Second, Ms. Hayes-Libby appears to argue that the
Veterans Court made a “prejudicial finality interpretation”
contrary to 38 U.S.C § 7252(b), and that the Veterans
Court’s decision was contrary 38 U.S.C § 7261(a)(4) and (d).
Appellant’s Informal Br. 2. The statutory provisions she
cites are procedural and jurisdictional provisions that gov-
ern review of Board decisions. Ms. Hayes-Libby provides
only vague assertions that the Veterans Court violated
those provisions, and we can therefore discern no issue
within our limited jurisdiction.
Third, Ms. Hayes-Libby appears to argue that the Vet-
erans Court panel of judges engaged in “unethical behav-
ior” by overlooking the “Frankel Test applicability” and
failed to apply the “two-step test articulated in Chevron.”
Appellant’s Informal Br. 2 (citing Chevron USA Inc. v. Nat.
Res. Def. Council, 467 U.S. 837 (1984)). The Veterans
Court’s decision, however, does not raise or implicate
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HAYES- LIBBY v. COLLINS 7
issues of deference to agency rules.3 Further, Ms. Hayes-
Libby does not provide any specifics regarding the unethi-
cal behavior she alleges. The panel order cited to Frankel
in finding that Ms. Hayes-Libby failed to present any argu-
ment that warrants consideration by the panel. J.A. 24
(citing Frankel v. Derwinski, 1 Vet. App. 23, 25–26 (1990)).
To the extent her argument concerns the panel order agree-
ing with the single-judge decision, that decision is an ap-
plication of law to the facts of the case, over which we lack
jurisdiction, as discussed above.
CONCLUSION
We have considered Ms. Hayes-Libby’s remaining ar-
guments and find them unpersuasive. For the foregoing
reasons, we dismiss.
DISMISSED
COSTS
No costs.
3 Chevron has also been overruled by Loper Bright.
See Loper Bright Enters. v. Raimondo, 603 U.S. 369, 412
(2024).
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