Michael R. Regis v. Douglas A. Collins, Secretary of Veterans Affairs

N OTE: This disposition is nonprecedential.
United States Court of Appeals
for the Federal Circuit
______________________
MICHAEL R. REGIS,
Claimant-Appellant
v.
DOUGLAS A. COLLINS, SECRETARY OF
VETERANS AFFAIRS,
Respondent-Appellee
______________________
2023-2061
______________________
Appeal from the United States Court of Appeals for
Veterans Claims in No. 22-691, Judge Grant Jaquith.
______________________
Decided: May 19, 2025
______________________
K ENNETH D OJAQUEZ, Carpenter Chartered, Topeka,
KS, argued for claimant-appellant. Also represented by
K ENNETH M. C ARPENTER.
MATTHEW J UDE CARHART , Commercial Litigation
Branch, Civil Division, United States Department of Jus-
tice, Washington, DC, argued for respondent-appellee.
Also represented by BRIAN M. BOYNTON, ELIZABETH MARIE
HOSFORD, P ATRICIA M. MCCARTHY ; J ULIE HONAN, Y. K EN
L EE , Office of General Counsel, United States Department
of Veterans Affairs, Washington, DC.
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REGIS v. COLLINS 2
______________________
Before T ARANTO and STOLL , Circuit Judges, and SCARSI,
District Judge.1
T ARANTO, Circuit Judge.
In 2008, Michael R. Regis, a veteran of the U.S. Air
Force, filed a claim with the U.S. Department of Veterans
Affairs (VA), under 38 U.S.C. § 1110, seeking benefits for
disability resulting from an assertedly service-connected
condition in both knees. In January 2009, the relevant re-
gional office of VA found that a right-knee condition was
service-connected and assigned a 10% disability rating
based on limited flexion (i.e., knee bending). Mr. Regis
challenged that disability rating and underwent additional
medical exams. In September 2021, as relevant here, the
regional office found that limited extension (i.e., knee
straightening) in the right knee was service-connected, but
it assigned a 0% rating for that condition.
In January 2022, the Board of Veterans’ Appeals, pre-
sented with Mr. Regis’s challenge to his initial right-knee-
condition rating, denied him a higher rating than the 10%
he had been given, finding in particular that he was not
entitled to a compensable rating for limitation of extension.
J.A. 30–41 (Board opinion). In April 2023, the U.S. Court
of Appeals for Veterans Claims (Veterans Court) affirmed
the Board’s denial. Regis v. McDonough, No. 22-0691, 2023
WL 3152277, at *1 (Vet. App. Apr. 28, 2023) (2023 Deci-
sion). On Mr. Regis’s appeal to us, we conclude that he did
not properly present and preserve in the Veterans Court
the argument he makes here, so we affirm the Veterans
Court’s decision.
1 Honorable Mark C. Scarsi, District Judge, United
States District Court for the Central District of California,
sitting by designation.
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REGIS v. COLLINS 3
I
Mr. Regis served on active duty in the U.S. Air Force
from February 1983 to February 2003. J.A. 15. In June
2008, he filed a claim seeking disability benefits for certain
conditions, including for a bilateral knee condition. See
J.A. 15; 2023 Decision, at *1. The relevant VA regional of-
fice, in January 2009, issued its decision, finding service
connection for a right-knee disability and assigning a 10%
rating under Diagnostic Code (DC) 5260 for limited leg
flexion (i.e., bending).2 J.A. 15, 17, 20; see 38 C.F.R.
§ 4.71a, DC 5260; 2023 Decision, at *1.
In July 2009, Mr. Regis disputed the rating assigned to
his right knee. See 2023 Decision, at *1. In December
2013, VA denied him an increased rating and Mr. Regis ap-
pealed to the Board. Id. Over the next eight years,
Mr. Regis underwent multiple VA examinations, which
produced diagnoses of arthritis in his right knee and find-
ings of limited flexion and of limited extension (i.e.,
straightening). Id. at *1–3; J.A. 22 (December 2016 exam-
ination); J.A. 42–51 (November 2020 examination); J.A. 25
(September 2021 addendum to July 2021 examination); see
J.A. 35–37 (describing December 2016, February 2018, No-
vember 2020, and July 2021 examinations). During the
same period, VA continued to adjudicate Mr. Regis’s right-
knee claim, and, in September 2021, the relevant VA re-
gional office found that the limitation of extension of his
right knee was connected to his military service, but it as-
signed a disability rating of 0%, finding that his symptoms
did not justify “a higher evaluation of 10 percent.” J.A. 28–
2 38 C.F.R. § 4.71a provides VA the schedule of rat-
ings for service-connected disabilities for the musculoskel-
etal system and contains each diagnostic code (DC)
relevant to this appeal. We rely on the 2022 version used
by the Veterans Court. See, e.g., 2023 Decision, at *4 (cit-
ing 38 C.F.R. § 4.71a, DC 5261 (2022)).
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REGIS v. COLLINS 4
29 (citing, e.g., 38 C.F.R. § 4.71a, DCs 5010, 5260, 5261);
2023 Decision, at *2–3.
On January 11, 2022, the Board issued the decision on
appeal in this case, denying entitlement to a “rating in ex-
cess of 10 percent for a right knee disorder” because “the
criteria have not been met for an initial increased rating
for the right knee pursuant to DCs 5260/5261 (for limita-
tion of motion).” J.A. 31, 38 (citing 38 C.F.R. § 4.71a,
DCs 5260, 5261). The evidence, the Board found, sup-
ported a rating of 10% for limited flexion and a rating of 0%
for limited extension. See J.A. 34, 38. The Board also “con-
sidered whether separate ratings could be assigned for
[Mr. Regis]’s right knee disability under any other applica-
ble diagnostic codes,” but concluded he could not be as-
signed a separate rating under those codes. J.A. 39.
Mr. Regis timely appealed to the Veterans Court.
J.A. 11. He argued that he was entitled to a higher rating
for his right-knee limitation of flexion and a higher rating
(more than 0%) for his limitation of extension. See, e.g.,
J.A. 80–81; 2023 Decision, at *3. On April 28, 2022, the
Veterans Court affirmed the Board in relevant part, stat-
ing that Mr. Regis had “failed to show any error in the
Board’s decision to not grant an increased rating based on
the veteran’s limited extension in his right knee.” 2023 De-
cision, at *1, *4.3 The Veterans Court entered final judg-
ment on May 22, 2023, and Mr. Regis timely appealed.
II
Our authority to review decisions by the Veterans
Court is “limited by statute.” Perciavalle v. McDonough,
101 F.4th 829, 835 (Fed. Cir. 2024); see generally 38 U.S.C.
3 The Veterans Court remanded, for further consid-
eration, the issue of the effective date of a separate disabil-
ity rating—“for right knee anterior instability.” 2023
Decision, at *1, *4.
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REGIS v. COLLINS 5
§ 7292. We have jurisdiction where we are presented with
an argument that the Veterans Court’s decision “may have
rested on an incorrect rule of law.” Martin v. McDonald,
761 F.3d 1366, 1369 (Fed. Cir. 2014) (citing Colantonio v.
Shinseki, 606 F.3d 1378 (Fed. Cir. 2010)); see Acree v.
O’Rourke, 891 F.3d 1009, 1015 (Fed. Cir. 2018) (same).
“The Veterans Court must have made a determination on
the legal issue presented to us by the appellant, either
making a ‘decision’ on a ‘rule of law’ or ‘rel[ying] on’ a chal-
lenged statute or regulation or its interpretation.” Smith
v. Collins, 130 F.4th 1337, 1343 (Fed. Cir. 2025) (quoting
38 U.S.C. § 7292(a)). The Veterans Court’s determination
“might be express or, instead, might be implicit in the sense
that the Veterans Court’s result might be altered by adopt-
ing the legal position pressed by appellant to this court.”
Id. at 1343 (citations omitted). Where, as here, no consti-
tutional question is presented, we lack authority to review
the Veterans Court’s factual determinations or applica-
tions of law to the facts of a particular case. See Per-
ciavalle, 101 F.4th at 835; 38 U.S.C. § 7292(d)(2).
In his opening brief in this court, Mr. Regis argues that
the Veterans Court legally erred in affirming the Board’s
decision not to grant a compensable rating for limitation of
extension in the right knee. See, e.g., Opening Br. at 2–
3, 6. Mr. Regis makes a legal argument about the meaning
of DC 5003 (degenerative arthritis), which directs VA to
rate “[d]egenerative arthritis . . . on the basis of limitation
of motion under the appropriate diagnostic codes,” includ-
ing DCs 5260 and 5261. 38 C.F.R. § 4.71a, DC 5003.
Mr. Regis asserts that DC 5003 requires a 10% rating for
limited extension of the knee that would not be compensa-
ble under DC 5261 (limitation of extension), even where
the veteran already received a 10% rating for limited flex-
ion of the same knee under DC 5260 (limitation of flexion).
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REGIS v. COLLINS 6
Opening Br. at 6–23; see 38 C.F.R. § 4.71a, DC 5003.4 Cor-
rect application of § 4.71a, Mr. Regis argues, would have
required the Veterans Court to “recognize[] and appl[y]
DC 5003 as the correct rating criteria” in light of VA’s re-
quirements to exercise care in identifying and selecting the
applicable disability code for each condition and to grant
separate ratings to separate disabilities that arise from a
single disease entity (e.g., arthritis). Opening Br. at 10–11
(citing 38 C.F.R. §§ 4.27, 4.25(b)).
We have jurisdiction to consider Mr. Regis’s contention
even though the Veterans Court did not expressly address
the meaning of DC 5003 in the respect now raised by
Mr. Regis. See Smith, 130 F.4th at 1343. Because the in-
terpretation of DC 5003 urged by Mr. Regis is a contention
about the interpretation of a regulation and might, if cor-
rect, alter the result reached by the Veterans Court, it is
within our jurisdiction under 38 U.S.C. § 7292(a). Id. The
government itself does not challenge our jurisdiction.
The government argues, instead, that we should not
address the contention because Mr. Regis did not properly
present this contention to the Veterans Court. Response
Br. at 8, 13–15; Oral Arg. at 12:56–13:08, https://oralargu-
ments.cafc.uscourts.gov/default.aspx?fl=23-2061_0507202
5.mp3. We agree. As with appeals from other tribunals’
decisions, a failure to present an argument to the Veterans
Court is a non-jurisdictional defect in the appeal to this
court that can justify affirming the Veterans Court’s
4 Mr. Regis relies on the second sentence of DC 5003
for this argument, which reads: “When however, the limi-
tation of motion of the specific joint or joints involved is
noncompensable under the appropriate diagnostic codes, a
rating of 10 pct is for application for each such major joint
or group of minor joints affected by limitation of motion, to
be combined, not added under diagnostic code 5003.” 38
C.F.R. § 4.71a, DC 5003.
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REGIS v. COLLINS 7
decision. See Smith, 130 F.4th at 1344 n.2 (citing cases);
see also Scarborough v. Principi, 541 U.S. 401, 411–14
(2004); M.R. Pittman Group, LLC v. United States, 68 F.4th
1275, 1280–81 (Fed. Cir. 2023). At least in cases (like this
case) where the veteran had counsel, we follow a strong,
though non-jurisdictional, rule that arguments not pre-
sented to the Veterans Court are forfeited. See Smith, 130
F.4th at 1344 n.2 (citing cases); Gurley v. McDonough, 23
F.4th 1353, 1357 (Fed. Cir. 2022) (citation omitted). We
affirm based on forfeiture here.
Mr. Regis’s DC 5003 argument that he presents to us
does not appear in his brief to the Veterans Court, J.A. 65–
111, and the Veterans Court’s opinion does not address
that argument, 2023 Decision, at *3–5. Mr. Regis did not
list DC 5003 as a legal authority in his brief to the Veterans
Court. J.A. 73–74. His brief cites DC 5003 only in two foot-
notes discussing a portion of the VA General Counsel’s
precedential opinion 23-97 in which the General Counsel is
not making the point Mr. Regis argues to us, but a different
point—namely, that a claimant with a disability rating un-
der DC 5257 for instability of the knee is entitled to a sep-
arate rating under DC 5003 for the different disability of
arthritis if the claimant has “limitation of motion under DC
5260 or DC 5261 . . . [that] at least meet[s] the criteria for
a zero-percent rating.” J.A. 83 n.5 (citing Memorandum
from Acting General Counsel to Acting Chairman, Board of
Veterans’ Appeals, VAOPGCPREC 9-98 (Aug. 14, 1998) at
1–3, https://www.va.gov/ogc/docs/1998/prc09-98.pdf, J.A.
55–60 (citing Memorandum from General Counsel to Act-
ing Chairman, Board of Veterans’ Appeals, VAOPGCPREC
23-97 (July 1, 1997), at 2, https://www.va.gov/ogc/docs/
1997/Prc23-97.pdf, J.A. 52–54)); J.A. 93 n.22 (same). Those
footnotes were offered as support for Mr. Regis’s argu-
ments to the Veterans Court that (i) the Board should not
“conflate[] DC[ ]5260 and DC 5261” because limitation of
flexion and limitation of extension, like instability and lim-
itation of motion, are separate disabilities and (ii) the
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REGIS v. COLLINS 8
Board deprived Mr. Regis of due process by narrowing the
range of motion analysis in the disability benefits question-
naire used by examining physicians. J.A. 81–83, 83 n.5,
93–95, 93 n.22. Mr. Regis’s mention of DC 5003 in those
footnotes was not to support the argument, made to this
court, that Mr. Regis is entitled to a 10% rating for exten-
sion under DC 5003 if he has a 0% rating under DC 5260
and a compensable rating under DC 5261. There is no good
reason to overlook the forfeiture here, particularly given
that Mr. Regis may make his DC 5003 argument in a new
claim. Oral Arg. at 16:28–16:42.
III
For the foregoing reasons, we affirm the Veterans
Court’s decision.
The parties shall bear their own costs.
AFFIRMED
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