Michael McEvoy v. Apollo Global Management LLC, et al.

[DO NOT PUBLISH]
In the
United States Court of Appeals
For the Eleventh Circuit
____________________
No. 22-12081
Non-Argument Calendar
____________________
MICHAEL MCEVOY,
on behalf of himself and others similarly situated,
Plaintiff-Appellant,
versus
APOLLO GLOBAL MANAGEMENT LLC,
a Delaware limited liability company,
APOLLO MANAGEMENT VI, L.P.,
a Delaware limited partnership,
CEVA GROUP, PLC,
Defendants-Appellees,
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2 Opinion of the Court 22-12081
GARETH TURNER, et al.,
Defendants.
____________________
Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Middle District of Florida
D.C. Docket No. 3:17-cv-00891-TJC-MCR
____________________
Before W ILSON, NEWSOM , and G RANT, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM:
Plaintiff-Appellant Michael McEvoy appeals the district
court’s order denying his request for discovery to support his bur-
den of proof on various statute of limitations issues. McEvoy also
appeals the district court’s order granting Apollo Global Manage-
ment, Inc.; Apollo Management VI, L.P; and CEVA Group PLC’s
(collectively Appellees) motion for summary judgment. After care-
ful review, we affirm.1
1 McEvoy has petitioned for an initial hearing en banc, pursuant to Federal
Rule of Appellate Procedure 35. No Judge in regular active service on this
Court has requested that the Court be polled about en banc consideration.
McEvoy’s petition for hearing en banc is DENIED.
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22-12081 Opinion of the Court 3
I.
McEvoy worked for Customized Transportation, which
Apollo Global Management, Inc. and Apollo Management VI, L.P
(collectively Apollo) purchased. In 2006, Apollo merged with EGL,
Inc. to form CEVA Logistics, a subsidiary of CEVA Group involved
in global freight management and supply chain logistics. Until
2013, CEVA Group itself was 99.9 percent owned by CEVA Invest-
ments Limited (CIL), a Cayman Islands corporation. In 2006,
CEVA Logistics asked McEvoy and other management-level em-
ployees to purchase equity in CIL through a fund called the 2006
Long-Term Incentive Plan (2006 LTIP). When McEvoy invested
approximately $10,000 in 2006 LTIP, he received and reviewed the
2006 LTIP Agreement.
Around mid-2012, CEVA Group faced financial problems
and determined that financial restructuring was the only way for it
to survive. In what we refer to here as the 2013 Transaction, CEVA
Group converted much of CIL’s debt into equity ownership of a
new entity called CEVA Holdings, LLC (CEVA Holdings). The
transaction effectively wiped out all previous investment in CIL,
including the 2006 LTIP shares’ value.2
2 Ultimately, CEVA Holdings developed a 2013 LTIP, which allowed certain
employees to received stock options and other employees to receive cash pay-
ments and became effective on June 11, 2013. But the benefits provided in the
2013 LTIP did not apply to any former employees of CEVA Group. CEVA
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4 Opinion of the Court 22-12081
CEVA Group’s financial troubles also spelled trouble for
McEvoy. First, in December 2012, CEVA Logistics informed
McEvoy that he would be laid off in March 2013. On January 21,
2013, McEvoy exercised his right to sell his 2006 LTIP shares and
received notice the next day that CEVA would purchase the shares
back on April 1, 2013. McEvoy also learned that the value for each
share was around 50 Euros (€). Then on April 5, 2013, McEvoy
received a letter stating that “[t]he directors of [CIL] have received
advice from valuation and restructuring professionals that [CIL’s]
shareholding in CEVA is now without value, in consequence of the
financial condition of CEVA. You may have seen, or shortly will
see, press announcements concerning the proposed restructuring
of CEVA.”
McEvoy received at least three letters between April 8, 2013
through June 14, 2013, discussing the liquidation proceedings of
CIL in the Cayman Islands and the involuntary Chapter 7 bank-
ruptcy proceeding against CIL in the Southern District of New
York (filed in April 2013). In the bankruptcy proceeding, the Chap-
ter 7 trustee alleged that Apollo orchestrated a fraudulent transfer
of CIL’s interest in CEVA Group to CEVA Holdings without con-
sideration, naming CIL directors Gareth Turner and Mark Beith,
CEVA Group, and CEVA Holdings as defendants.
Holdings’ 2013 Annual Report, released on February 28, 2014, also discussed
the new 2013 LTIP plan.
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22-12081 Opinion of the Court 5
On August 3, 2017, McEvoy filed a putative class action law-
suit in the Middle District of Florida against Apollo Global Manage-
ment and the CIL directors (Turner and Beith), alleging self-dealing
and fraudulent conversion. The Chapter 7 bankruptcy trustee
moved to enjoin McEvoy’s case, arguing the claims asserted were
derivative claims that were property of CIL’s estate.
In re CIL Ltd.,
No. 13-11272-JLG, 2018 WL 878888, at *1 (Bankr. S.D.N.Y. Feb. 9,
2018). The Bankruptcy Court agreed, declaring McEvoy’s putative
class action in this Court “null and void
ab initio.”
Id. at *12. But
the Bankruptcy Court allowed McEvoy to file a proposed amended
complaint asserting direct claims in the Middle District of Florida.
On December 7, 2018, McEvoy filed his amended class ac-
tion complaint, which removed the two CIL directors and added
CEVA Group and Apollo Management VI, L.P. The amended
complaint also included another claim that the named defendants
caused putative class members “to not receive, or not equally re-
ceive, a required adjustment” as part of CEVA’s 2013 restructuring.
Appellees moved to dismiss McEvoy’s amended complaint,
but the district court converted those motions to a motion for sum-
mary judgment and ordered limited discovery on the statute of lim-
itations. During the limited discovery, McEvoy moved to compel
production from twelve broad categories of documents from
Apollo. The district court struck Apollo’s general objections but
denied McEvoy’s motion to compel.
Following discovery, the district court initially denied Ap-
pellees’ converted motion for summary judgment. However,
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6 Opinion of the Court 22-12081
Appellees sought reconsideration under Federal Rule of Civil Pro-
cedure 59(e), and the district court ultimately granted the Appel-
lees’ motion for reconsideration and their motion for summary
judgment. McEvoy timely appealed.3
II.
First, we turn to McEvoy’s argument regarding the district
court’s denial of his discovery requests. McEvoy contends that the
district court abused its discretion when it denied his motion to
compel discovery. Specifically, McEvoy argues that the denial sub-
stantially harmed him by precluding the development of a full rec-
ord on many issues, including his tolling theories.
Despite Appellees’ arguments related to McEvoy’s compli-
ance with Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 56(d), McEvoy did not
ask the district court to postpone ruling on the summary judgment
until he could complete further discovery.4 Thus, our review is
3 Appellees moved to file demonstrative evidence in this case. Specifically,
Appellees seek to enter a redline version comparing the original complaint
with the amended complaint. McEvoy does not oppose this request. Thus,
Appellees’ motion to file demonstrative evidence is GRANTED, and the red-
line evidence has been reviewed in consideration of this appeal.
4 In his response to Appellees’ motion for summary judgment, McEvoy drops
a footnote saying that because he could not conduct discovery, the facts relied
on by Appellees are disputed and should not be relied on. Even if McEvoy’s
single footnote in his response to summary judgment can be construed as re-
quest under Rule 56(d), McEvoy has failed to meet his burden. “[T]he party
opposing the motion for summary judgment bears the burden of calling to the
district court’s attention any outstanding discovery.”
Snook v. Tr. Co. of Ga.
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22-12081 Opinion of the Court 7
cabined to whether the district court abused its discretion in deny-
ing McEvoy’s motion to compel.
See Josendis v. Wall to Wall Res-
idence Repairs, Inc., 662 F.3d 1292, 1306 (11th Cir. 2011) (“The dis-
trict court has broad discretion under Federal Rule of Civil Proce-
dure 26 to compel or deny discovery; we therefore review the
court’s discovery rulings for an abuse of that discretion.”).
Here, the district court did not abuse its broad discretion
managing the limited discovery it ordered. Because the district
court converted Appellees’ motion to dismiss to a motion for sum-
mary judgment, it contemporaneously ordered limited discovery
on the statute of limitations issue raised by Appellees. Reviewing
the record, McEvoy sought to take the district court’s allowance
for discovery on this issue well past its intentionally limited scope.
As the Appellees correctly point out, McEvoy sought discovery
that would help him prevail on his underlying claim, which is be-
yond the type of discovery permitted by the district court. Ulti-
mately, the district court is in the best position to review requests
for additional discovery and to determine whether they are propor-
tional to the needs of the case.
See Fed. R. Civil P. 26(b)(1). Here,
the district court did not abuse its position.
Bank of Savannah, N.A., 859 F.2d 865, 871 (11th Cir. 1988). “The preferred
vehicle for advising a district court of the need for further discovery is an affi-
davit or declaration submitted under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 56(d).”
City of Miami Gardens v. Wells Fargo & Co., 931 F.3d 1274, 1287 (11th Cir.
2019). McEvoy did not submit an affidavit or a declaration to the district court
explaining what additional discovery he needed.
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8 Opinion of the Court 22-12081
Further, McEvoy cannot show that there was substantial
harm to his case.
See Iraola & CIA, S.A. v. Kimberly–Clark
Corp., 325 F.3d 1274, 1286 (11th Cir. 2003) (noting that we do not
reverse discovery decisions unless the challengers demonstrate that
those decisions resulted in substantial harm to their case). The dis-
trict court’s determination on summary judgment turned on how
the statute of limitations impacted McEvoy’s claims. As discussed
below, the district court concluded that McEvoy was on inquiry
notice about his prospective claims. Thus, failure to provide
McEvoy with additional discovery would not have caused him sub-
stantial harm (especially in light of the fact that several of the doc-
uments that put McEvoy on inquiry notice were in McEvoy’s pos-
session).
Thus, the district court did not abuse its discretion in deny-
ing McEvoy’s motion to compel.
Next, we turn to McEvoy’s arguments regarding the district
court’s grant of summary judgment in favor of Appellees. “‘We
review the district court’s grant of summary judgment de novo,
viewing all facts and drawing all inferences in the light most favor-
able to’ the nonmoving party.”
Pelaez v. Gov’t Emps. Ins. Co., 13
F.4th 1243, 1249 (11th Cir. 2021) (quoting
Eres v. Progressive Am.
Ins. Co., 998 F.3d 1273, 1278 n.3 (11th Cir. 2021));
see also St. Louis
Condominium Ass’n, Inc. v. Rockhill Ins. Co., 5 F.4th 1235, 1242
(11th Cir. 2021) (reviewing a motion to amend judgment under
Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 59(e) for abuse of discretion unless
the ruling turns on a question of law that is reviewed de novo).
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22-12081 Opinion of the Court 9
McEvoy marshals two arguments. First, McEvoy contends
that the district court erred when it found that his amended com-
plaint did not relate back to his initial complaint under Federal Rule
of Civil Procedure 15(c).5 Second, McEvoy argues that the district
court erred when it held that he was on inquire notice of his claims
as a matter of law.
Even assuming arguendo that the district court incorrectly
found that McEvoy’s amended complaint did not relate back, we
can still affirm the district court’s order because there is no genuine
issue of material fact that McEvoy was on inquiry notice of his
claims before August 3, 2014.
See Stewart v. Happy Herman’s
Chesire Bridge, Inc., 117 F.3d 1278, 1285 (11th Cir. 1997) (“[W]e
may affirm the district court’s grant of summary judgment on any
adequate ground, even if it is other than the one on which the dis-
trict court actually relied.”).
5 McEvoy argues that we use the wrong standard of review when determining
whether an amended complaint relates back to the initial complaint under
Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 15(c). This circuit uses the abuse of discretion
standard for reviewing Rule 15(c) determinations by a district court.
See, e.g.,
Powers v. Graff, 148 F.3d 1223, 1226 (11th Cir. 1998). Ten other circuits use a
de novo standard of review.
See United States v. Alaniz, 5 F.4th 632, 635 n.2
(5th Cir. 2021) (noting that while it was an open question in the Fifth Circuit
whether a relation-back decision should be subject to de novo or abuse-of-
discretion review, every circuit except the Eleventh Circuit uses de novo re-
view). Because we assume without deciding that the district court erred in its
relation-back inquiry, we need not address McEvoy’s argument that our prec-
edent conflicts with the Supreme Court in
Krupski v. Costa Crociere S.p.A.,
560 U.S. 538, 553 (2010). We leave that for another day.
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10 Opinion of the Court 22-12081
No party disputes the district court’s determination that
McEvoy’s claims arose no later than June 11, 2013—the date the
2013 LTIP became effective. Under Delaware law, the statute of
limitations for claims for breach of fiduciary duty is three years.
Del. Code Ann. tit. 10 § 8106. Thus, McEvoy had until June 11,
2016 to file his claim. McEvoy filed his
original complaint on Au-
gust 3, 2017—over one year past the statute of limitations. For
McEvoy’s original complaint to be timely, he must have showed
that the claim was tolled from June 11, 2013 to at least August 3,
2014. But whether or not any tolling doctrine applies to McEvoy’s
claims, “the limitations periods is tolled [only] until such time that
persons of ordinary intelligence and prudence would have facts suf-
ficient to put them on inquiry which, if pursued, would lead to the
discovery of the injury.”
In re Dean Witter P’ship Litig., No. CIV.
A. 14816, 1998 WL 442456, at *7 (Del. Ch. July 17, 1998),
aff’d, 725
A.2d 441 (Del. 1999) (emphasis omitted).
A review of the record shows that McEvoy received enough
information to put him on inquiry notice. First, in December 2012,
CEVA Logistics informed McEvoy that he would be laid off in
March 2013. On January 21, 2013, McEvoy exercised his right to
sell his 2006 LTIP shares and received notice the next day that
CEVA would purchase those shares back on April 1, 2013. McEvoy
also learned the value for each share was around €50. Then on
April 5, 2013, McEvoy received a letter discussing CEVA Group’s
restructuring, explaining that his shares had no value, and stating
he would not receive any recovery due to his shareholding in CIL.
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22-12081 Opinion of the Court 11
In addition, McEvoy received letters about the Cayman Island liti-
gation and the Bankruptcy proceedings concerning CIL. As the dis-
trict court stated:
McEvoy should have been on inquiry notice in 2013
when he was suddenly informed that his shares,
which had been worth €50 each, were now worth €0.
McEvoy had the 2006 LTIP Agreement in his posses-
sion, which he alleges mandated adjustments to his
investment. McEvoy could see that CEVA continued
to operate after he was let go, and that it was perhaps
expanding, even hiring him temporarily to start up a
new contract.
McEvoy v. Apollo Glob. Mgmt., LLC, No. 3:17-CV-891-TJC-MCR,
2022 WL 718393, at *7 (M.D. Fla. Mar. 10, 2022).
Thus, we find that Appellees met their burden “to point to
undisputed facts in the record which demonstrate conclusively that
[McEvoy] had notice of [his] claims, and, that, had [he] exercised
reasonable diligence, [he] would have discovered adequate
grounds for filing [his] lawsuit during the limitations period.”
Mor-
ton’s Mkt., Inc. v. Gustafson’s Dairy, Inc., 198 F.3d 823, 832 (11th
Cir. 1999),
amended in part, 211 F.3d 1224 (11th Cir. 2000)
III.
For the reasons stated above, we affirm both the district
court’s denial of discovery and the district court’s summary judg-
ment in favor of Appellees.
AFFIRMED.
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