Robin Richardson Derrick v. Social Security Administration, Commissioner

[DO NOT PUBLISH]
In the
United States Court of Appeals
For the Eleventh Circuit
____________________
No. 21-13388
Non-Argument Calendar
____________________
ROBIN RICHARDSON DERRICK,
Plaintiff-Appellant,
versus
SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION, COMMISSIONER,
Defendant-Appellee.
____________________
Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Northern District of Alabama
D.C. Docket No. 4:20-cv-00496-AKK
____________________
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2 Opinion of the Court 21-13388
Before WILSON, G RANT, and B RASHER , Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM:
Robin Richardson Derrick appeals the district court’s order
affirming the Commissioner of Social Security’s (Commissioner)
denial of her application for Disability Insurance Benefits (DIB).
Derrick argues that (1) the Administrative Law Judge (ALJ) failed
to give proper weight to the opinions of her treating physician and
two consultative physicians and (2) the ALJ did not conduct a
proper analysis of one of her impairments, fibromyalgia. Because
we find that the ALJ’s decision is supported by substantial evidence,
we affirm.
I.
Derrick filed her application for DIB in December 2016,
which the Commissioner denied in March 2017. Thereafter, Der-
rick filed a request for a hearing before an ALJ, which was held via
video conference in February 2019. The relevant medical evidence
is as follows.
In December 2013, Dr. McLain diagnosed Derrick with fi-
bromyalgia and noted she had a family history of chronic arthritis.
In July 2016, Dr. McLain noted that Derrick’s fibromyalgia was
“moderate” and “stable,” and was associated with various symp-
toms, such as fatigue, reduction in daily activities, and widespread
pain. Derrick’s physical exam revealed 22 tender joints but no
swelling, effusion, or limitations on her range of motion. At several
follow-up appointments from December 2016 to May 2018, Dr.
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21-13388 Opinion of the Court 3
McLain noted that Derrick’s fibromyalgia was “moderate” and
“stable.” At a September 2018 follow-up, Dr. McLain reported that
her fibromyalgia was “moderate-severe.” Dr. McLain did not place
any limitations on Derrick’s range of motion, but he did note that
she had soft tissue discomfort noted throughout the body.
In December 2017, Dr. McLain completed a “Physical Ca-
pacities Evaluation,” where he opined the following. Derrick could
lift ten pounds occasionally and five pounds frequently. During an
eight-hour workday, she could sit for four hours and stand or walk
for two hours. Derrick needed to take several breaks throughout
the workday. She did not need an assistive device to ambulate, but
she should avoid extremes of temperature and environmental pol-
lutants. She could rarely push and pull with her arms and legs,
climb and balance, grasp, twist and handle, and work around haz-
ardous machinery. She could occasionally bend and stoop, reach,
and operate a car, and she could frequently use her finger dexterity.
She would miss more than four days per month of work. Dr.
McLain indicated that the medical basis for her restrictions was “fi-
bromyalgia.” During the same period, Dr. McLain also completed
a “Clinical Assessment of Pain,” where he opined that her pain was
virtually incapacitating, physical activity increased her pain such
that bedrest or medication was necessary, and side effects of pre-
scribed medication would provide some limitations but not serious
problems. For ease of reference, we will refer to the Physical Ca-
pacities Evaluation and the Clinical Assessment of Pain by Dr.
McLain as the “December 2017 opinions.”
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4 Opinion of the Court 21-13388
In March 2017, Dr. Oguntuyo performed a consultative, dis-
ability examination on Derrick. Dr. Oguntuyo reported the follow-
ing. Derrick experienced joint pain in her wrists, hands, shoulders,
and lower back because of her worsening arthritis. She was ori-
ented, had normal hearing, had a good gait, and had a five-of-five
strength in her hand grip. Derrick could heel walk, toe walk, and
perform the squat and rise tests; button and tie shoelaces; pick up
small objects and hold a glass; and turn a doorknob. She had a de-
creased range of motion at the cervical spine and normal range of
motion otherwise. Dr. Oguntuyo opined that Derrick “may not be
able to perform any meaningful work” that involved prolonged
standing, walking, lifting, carrying, or handling objects because of
her worsening arthritis, fibromyalgia, and Ménière’s disease.
Turning to the medical evidence on Derrick’s mental im-
pairments, in December 2016, Nurse Practitioner (NP) Kara Carter
diagnosed Derrick with generalized anxiety disorder and major de-
pressive disorder. Derrick continued to visit NP Carter regularly
for follow-up appointments from January 2017 to July 2018. NP
Carter reported Derrick’s symptoms as “stable” at some appoint-
ments and “not stable” at others. NP Carter also noted that Der-
rick’s anxiety and depression had “worsened” at some appoint-
ments and “improved” at others. NP Carter prescribed medica-
tions for Derrick’s mental disorders, but Derrick reported to NP
Carter that she was not compliant in taking them at some of her
follow-up appointments.
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21-13388 Opinion of the Court 5
In March 2017, Dr. Kennon performed a psychological ex-
amination on Derrick and reported the following. Derrick had a
normal gait, adequate grooming and hygiene, and an “okay” de-
meanor. She had no gross or fine motor problems, and Derrick
reported sleeping “okay” at night and 11 to 12 hours per day and
feeling fatigued, worried, and anxious. Her intellectual functioning
was above average, her abstract thinking was somewhat concrete,
and her thought process was adequate, though Dr. Kennon noted
Derrick’s reports of “brain fog” from her fibromyalgia. Dr. Kennon
opined that Derrick could understand, carry out, and remember
instructions; sustain concentration and persist in work-related ac-
tivity at a reasonable pace; maintain effective social interaction; yet
she could not deal with normal pressures in a work setting because
of her depression and fatigue. For ease of reference, we will refer
to the opinions of Dr. Kennon and Dr. Oguntuyo as the “consulta-
tive opinions.”
Based on the medical evidence, the ALJ concluded that Der-
rick was not disabled and thus not entitled to DIB. To determine
whether a claimant is disabled, the ALJ applies a five-step sequen-
tial analysis. 20 C.F.R. § 404.1520(a)(4). This process includes an
analysis of whether the claimant: (1) is currently engaged in sub-
stantial gainful activity; (2) has a severe medically determinable
physical or mental impairment; (3) has such an impairment that
meets or equals a listed impairment and meets the duration re-
quirements; (4) can perform her past relevant work, in light of her
residual functional capacity (RFC); and (5) can make an adjustment
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6 Opinion of the Court 21-13388
to other work, in light of her RFC, age, education, and work expe-
rience.
Id. § 404.1520(a)(4)(i)–(v);
Winschel v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec.,
631 F.3d 1176, 1178 (11th Cir. 2011). If an ALJ finds a claimant dis-
abled or not disabled at any given step, the ALJ does not proceed
to the next step. 20 C.F.R. § 404.1520(a)(4).
At step one, the ALJ determined that Derrick had not en-
gaged in substantial gainful activity since her alleged disability on-
set date of December 2, 2016. At step two, the ALJ found that Der-
rick had the following severe impairments: Ménière’s disease,
rheumatoid arthritis, fibromyalgia, major depressive disorder, and
generalized anxiety disorder. At step three, the ALJ determined
that Derrick did not have an impairment that met the severity of
one of the listed impairments in 20 C.F.R. Part 404, Subpart P, Ap-
pendix 1. Relevant here, the ALJ stated that “[p]ursuant to SSR 12-
2p, I must assess whether the claimant’s fibromyalgia medically
equals . . . a listing.”
At step four, the ALJ concluded that Derrick had the RFC to
perform the full range of work at all exertional levels, but with sev-
eral nonexertional limitations. The ALJ noted that in “making this
finding, I have considered the entire medical record even when not
explicitly discussed.” Regarding the December 2017 opinions from
Dr. McLain, the ALJ discussed Dr. McLain’s findings, but chose to
give “little weight” to them. The ALJ reasoned that the December
2017 opinions were inconsistent with Dr. McLain’s other treatment
notes, which consistently listed Derrick’s fibromyalgia symptoms
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21-13388 Opinion of the Court 7
as “moderate and stable, and list[ed] the claimant’s other condi-
tions as stable, and most of them as mild.”
Regarding the consultative opinion of Dr. Oguntuyo, the
ALJ gave little weight to Dr. Oguntuyo’s opinion that Derrick
could not perform any meaningful work. The ALJ reasoned that
Dr. Oguntuyo’s opinion was inconsistent with treatment notes and
Dr. Oguntuyo’s own examination notes, which did not report any
significant limitations. Regarding Dr. Kennon’s opinions, the ALJ
gave great weight in part and little weight in part to her opinion.
Specifically, the ALJ noted that Dr. Kennon’s statements about the
effect of Derrick’s depression were inconsistent with NP Carter’s
treating notes, which did not indicate significant periods of debili-
tating depression.
Based on the ALJ’s RFC finding and Derrick’s nonexertional
limitations, the ALJ concluded that Derrick could not return to her
past work. However, based on testimony from a vocational expert,
the ALJ concluded at step five that there existed jobs in significant
numbers in the national economy that Derrick could perform. Ac-
cordingly, the ALJ concluded that Derrick was not disabled.
Derrick appealed the ALJ’s decision to the district court,
who found that substantial evidence supported the ALJ’s decision.
This appeal followed.
II.
We review de novo the legal principles on which the ALJ’s
decision is based.
Moore v. Barnhart, 405 F.3d 1208, 1211 (11th Cir.
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8 Opinion of the Court 21-13388
2005) (per curiam). We review the ALJ’s factual findings and the
ultimate determination of disability for substantial evidence.
Id.
Substantial evidence is “such relevant evidence as a reasonable per-
son would accept as adequate to support a conclusion.”
Id. We
review for substantial evidence the ALJ’s decision to afford the
opinions of a claimant’s treating physician little weight.
Phillips v.
Barnhart, 357 F.3d 1232, 1241 (11th Cir. 2004).
In evaluating a claimant’s disability, the ALJ must give “sub-
stantial or considerable weight” to a claimant’s treating physician.
Lewis v. Callahan, 125 F.3d 1436, 1440 (11th Cir. 1997). However,
the ALJ need not give substantial or considerable weight when
“good cause” exists to discount the treating physician’s opinion.
MacGregor v. Bowen, 786 F.2d 1050, 1053 (11th Cir. 1986). If the
ALJ chooses not to give the opinion any weight, he should explain
his reasoning for doing so.
Id. “‘[G]ood cause’ exists when the (1)
treating physician’s opinion was not bolstered by the evidence; (2)
evidence supported a contrary finding; or (3) treating physician’s
opinion was conclusory or inconsistent with the doctor’s own med-
ical records.”
Phillips, 357 F.3d at 1241.
In
Phillips, we concluded the ALJ’s decision was supported
by substantial evidence when the ALJ discredited a treating physi-
cian’s opinion where it conflicted with the physician’s own treat-
ment notes.
Id. The opinion at issue was “very restrictive,” which
was inconsistent with previous treatment notes that described the
claimant’s symptoms as less severe.
Id. Similarly, here, the De-
cember 2017 opinions are inconsistent with Dr. McLain’s own
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21-13388 Opinion of the Court 9
treatment notes of Derrick. While the December 2017 opinions
listed severe limitations on Derrick’s activity because of her fibrom-
yalgia, his treatment notes indicated that her symptoms were usu-
ally moderate and stable, and he only prescribed conservative treat-
ment. Accordingly, the ALJ had good cause to discount the De-
cember 2017 opinions.
Derrick’s reliance on our decision in
Simon v. Commis-
sioner, Social Security Administration, 7 F.4th 1094 (11th Cir. 2021)
is misplaced. There, we concluded that the ALJ failed to state good
cause in discounting the opinions of the claimant’s treating psychi-
atrist.
Id. at 1105. Although the ALJ decided to give little weight
to those opinions, the psychiatrist “regularly wrote that [the claim-
ant] was displaying severe symptoms of mental illness.”
Id. “Good
cause” did not exist because “[t]he ALJ pointed to no genuine in-
consistencies” between the psychiatrist’s opinions and the other
medical evidence.
Id. at 1108. In contrast, here, Dr. McLain’s treat-
ment notes, which typically described Derrick’s fibromyalgia as
moderate and stable, are inconsistent with the severe limitations
placed on Derrick’s activity in the December 2017 opinions as a re-
sult of that disease. Therefore, this case is distinguishable from
Si-
mon.
Turning to the consultative opinions of Dr. Oguntuyo and
Dr. Kennon, Derrick contends that the ALJ likewise failed to give
their opinions proper weight. We have previously held that a con-
sultative doctor’s opinion, who only examined the claimant on one
occasion, is not entitled to great weight.
See Crawford v. Comm’r
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10 Opinion of the Court 21-13388
of Soc. Sec., 363 F.3d 1155, 1160 (11th Cir. 2004) (per curiam). The
social security regulations also provide that the Commissioner
gives “more weight to medical opinions from [a claimant’s] treat-
ing sources.” 20 C.F.R. § 404.1527(c)(2). Thus, Dr. Oguntuyo’s and
Dr. Kennon’s opinions are not entitled to the same deference as
Derrick’s treating physicians.
Derrick relies on the Seventh Circuit’s decision in
Wilder v.
Chater, 64 F.3d 335 (7th Cir. 1995) and argues that we should adopt
the court’s reasoning there. In
Wilder, the Seventh Circuit consid-
ered “with a degree of suspicion” the ALJ’s decision to discount the
opinion of a psychiatrist appointed by the ALJ. 64 F.3d at 337. Der-
rick suggests that we should likewise be suspicious of the ALJ’s de-
cision here to discount the opinions of Dr. Oguntuyo and Dr. Ken-
non. This argument fails for two reasons. First, our caselaw shows
that consultative opinions by doctors who only examined the
claimant on one occasion are not entitled to great weight.
See
Crawford, 363 F.3d at 1160. Second, in
Wilder, the appointed psy-
chiatrist’s opinion was “the only medical evidence in the case.” 64
F.3d at 337. In contrast, here, the record was replete with medical
evidence on Derrick’s physical impairments from Dr. McLain and
her mental impairments from NP Carter. Furthermore, the ALJ
clearly articulated its reasoning for not giving controlling weight to
the consultative opinions. The ALJ gave these opinions little
weight because they were inconsistent with the records from Der-
rick’s treating doctors, who are given greater weight. 20 C.F.R. §
404.1527(c)(2).
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21-13388 Opinion of the Court 11
Because the ALJ had good cause for discounting the Decem-
ber 2017 opinions and the consultative opinions, we find that the
ALJ’s conclusions in this regard are supported by substantial evi-
dence.
III.
Derrick also argues that the ALJ failed to conduct a proper
analysis of her fibromyalgia under Social Security Ruling (SSR) 12-
2p. According to Derrick, the ALJ improperly concluded that her
fibromyalgia was not severe based on a lack of objective evidence.
In support, Derrick relies on our unpublished decision in
Somogy
v. Commissioner of Social Security, 366 F. App’x 56, 63 (11th Cir.
2010) (per curiam). In
Somogy, we “recognized that fibromyalgia
‘often lacks medical or laboratory signs, and is generally diagnosed
mostly on an individual’s described symptoms,’ and the that the
‘hallmark’ of fibromyalgia is therefore ‘a lack of objective evi-
dence.’” 366 F. App’x at 63 (citing
Moore, 405 F.3d at 1211). We
concluded that the ALJ erred in discounting the opinions of the
claimant’s treating physician on the basis that the physician’s opin-
ions were derived from the claimant’s “subjective complaints” ra-
ther than “objective clinical findings.”
Somogy, 366 F. App’x at 64.
Derrick does not point to any discrete error in the ALJ’s de-
cision, but regardless, it is evident that the ALJ properly analyzed
Derrick’s fibromyalgia. Instead of concluding that Derrick’s fi-
bromyalgia was not severe due to a lack of objective evidence, as
in
Somogy, the ALJ made this finding based on the objective med-
ical evidence that typically described her fibromyalgia as moderate
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12 Opinion of the Court 21-13388
and stable. The outcome might be different if the ALJ made this
finding based solely on a lack of objective evidence, as we have
noted that this is the hallmark of the condition.
Moore, 405 F.3d at
1211. However, here, the ALJ based his decision on the reports
submitted by Derrick’s treating physicians.
The ALJ also followed the procedures set out in SSR 12-2p.
That ruling provides that objective medical evidence is needed to
establish that a claimant’s fibromyalgia is a medically determinable
impairment (MDI). SSAR 12-2p, 77 Fed. Reg. 43640, 43642 (July
25, 2012). Once an MDI is established, the Commissioner should
“evaluate the intensity and persistence of the [claimant’s] pain or
any other symptoms and determine the extent to which the symp-
toms limit the [claimant’s] capacity for work.”
Id. at 43643. Here,
the ALJ determined that Derrick had an MDI of fibromyalgia. The
ALJ then concluded that “the claimant’s statements concerning the
intensity, persistence and limiting effects of [the claimant’s] symp-
toms are not entirely consistent with the medical evidence and
other evidence in the record.” The ALJ cited to SSR 12-2p in his
decision, further indicating that he properly evaluated Derrick’s fi-
bromyalgia. In sum, there is substantial evidence to support the
ALJ’s decision that Derrick was not disabled due to her fibromyal-
gia.
AFFIRMED.
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