Mario Albo Lara v. Secretary Florida Department of Corrections, et al.

[DO NOT PUBLISH]
In the
United States Court of Appeals
For the Eleventh Circuit
____________________
No. 21-11961
Non-Argument Calendar
____________________
MARIO ALBO LARA,
Petitioner-Appellant,
versus
SECRETARY FLORIDA DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTIONS,
ATTORNEY GENERAL STATE OF FLORIDA,
STATE OF FLORIDA,
Respondents-Appellees.
____________________
Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Southern District of Florida
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2 Opinion of the Court 21-11961
D.C. Docket No. 1:16-cv-22121-KMW
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Before W ILSON, L UCK , and ANDERSON, Circuit Judges.
PER C URIAM :
Antonio Lara appeals the district court’s dismissal of his sec-
tion 2254 habeas petition. Because his brief fails to address the sole
issue we certified for appeal, we affirm.
Lara is serving a life sentence for convictions in Florida state
court for first degree murder, second degree murder, and sexual
battery. Although Lara’s convictions became final in 1998, he filed
a 2011 motion in the state circuit court to correct his sentence. The
state circuit court granted partial relief, and the District Court of
Appeal affirmed in March 2013.
See Lara v. State (
Lara I), 109
So. 3d 1167 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2013). In September 2012, Lara de-
livered a second motion for state postconviction relief to prison of-
ficials to file in state court, although it apparently was not docketed
until April 2015. The state circuit court denied this second motion
for postconviction relief, and the District Court of Appeal affirmed
in November 2015.
See Lara v. State (
Lara II), 179 So. 3d 333 (Fla.
Dist. Ct. App. 2015).
In June 2016, Lara filed a section 2254 habeas petition in the
district court. The magistrate judge recommended dismissing
Lara’s habeas petition as untimely because, even though
Lara I was
a new sentence and reset the statutory deadline, Lara had not filed
his petition within a year of when the new sentence became final.
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21-11961 Opinion of the Court 3
The magistrate judge also recommended finding that
Lara II did
not toll Lara’s time to file a habeas petition. Even though the Flor-
ida Department of Corrections had stamped the motion in
Lara II
as received in September 2012, the magistrate judge explained, that
motion did not toll the statutory deadline that
Lara I triggered be-
cause it was not docketed until 2015.
The district court adopted the magistrate judge’s report and
recommendation and dismissed Lara’s habeas petition as untimely.
We issued a certificate of appealability on a single question:
whether the district court misapplied the prisoner mailbox rule to
Lara’s second motion for state postconviction relief and thus erro-
neously concluded that
Lara II did not toll Lara’s eligibility to bring
a habeas petition.
Lara initially failed to file an appellate brief, so we dismissed
his appeal for lack of prosecution. The dismissal, though, didn’t
last long. Lara moved to reinstate his appeal, and we granted his
motion and set a briefing schedule.
But when Lara filed his opening brief on appeal, it did not
address the certified question. Instead, Lara argued, again, that we
should reinstate his appeal—something we’d already done. And
even though the Secretary of the Florida Department of Correc-
tions pointed out Lara’s failure to address the district court’s inter-
pretation of the prisoner mailbox rule, Lara did not file a reply brief
or move to file a corrected brief.
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4 Opinion of the Court 21-11961
To preserve an issue on appeal, Lara had to “‘plainly and
prominently’ raise it by ‘devoting a discrete section of his argu-
ment’ to the claim” in his opening brief.
United States v. Monte-
negro, 1 F.4th 940, 944 n.3 (11th Cir. 2021);
see also Atkins v. Sin-
gletary, 965 F.2d 952, 955 n.1 (11th Cir. 1992) (explaining that ha-
beas claims not addressed on appeal are forfeited). Here, Lara’s
brief does not even mention the district court’s order, so he has
forfeited any challenge to it. The argument section of Lara’s brief
is devoted entirely to explaining why his appeal should be rein-
stated. But we already reinstated his appeal; the sole issue Lara was
directed to address was whether the district court misapplied the
prisoner mailbox rule and therefore erred by finding his habeas pe-
tition untimely. Lara didn’t even file a reply brief after the Secre-
tary pointed out that he hadn’t addressed the timeliness issue. By
failing to address that issue, Lara has now abandoned it.
See Atkins,
965 F.2d at 955 n.1. We must affirm.1
1 Although, “[t]ypically, issues not raised in the initial brief on appeal are
deemed abandoned,” we do “have the ability to resurrect forfeited issues
sua
sponte in extraordinary circumstances.”
United States v. Campbell, 26 F.4th
860, 871–72 (11th Cir.) (quotation omitted),
cert. denied, 143 S. Ct. 95 (2022).
Here, the circumstances of Lara’s case are not extraordinary because, even if
timely, his habeas claims are jurisdictionally barred, not cognizable, and have
not been exhausted in the Florida state courts.
See 8 U.S.C. § 1228(a)(3)(B)
(“Nothing in this section shall be construed as requiring the Attorney General
to effect the removal of any alien sentenced to actual incarceration, before re-
lease from the penitentiary or correctional institution where such alien is con-
fined.”);
O’Sullivan v. Boerckel, 526 U.S. 838, 845 (1999) (“[W]e conclude that
state prisoners must give the state courts one full opportunity to resolve any
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21-11961 Opinion of the Court 5
AFFIRMED.
constitutional issues by invoking one complete round of the State’s established
appellate review process.”);
Jordan v. Sec’y, Dep’t of Corr., 485 F.3d 1351, 1356
(11th Cir. 2007) (“[O]ur precedent forbids granting habeas relief based upon a
claim of actual innocence, anyway, at least in non-capital cases.”).
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