Alexis Welsh v. Arkansas Department of Human Services and Minor Child

Cite as 2026 Ark. App. 258
ARKANSAS COURT OF APPEALS
DIVISION II
No. CV-25-731

ALEXIS WELSH Opinion Delivered April 29, 2026
APPELLANT
APPEAL FROM THE HOT SPRING
COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT
V. [NO. 30JV-23-82]

ARKANSAS DEPARTMENT OF HONORABLE STEPHEN L. SHIRRON,
HUMAN SERVICES AND MINOR JUDGE
CHILD
APPELLEES AFFIRMED

BART F. VIRDEN, Judge

Alexis Welsh appeals the Hot Spring County Circuit Court order terminating her

parental rights to MC2, who was two years old when she was removed from Alexis’s custody.1

Alexis argues on appeal that the circuit court was without statutory authority to consider the

Arkansas Department of Human Services’ (the Department’s) termination petition because

MC2 had been placed in her father’s permanent custody. She also challenges the court’s

best-interest finding, arguing that there is insufficient evidence of potential harm. We

disagree and affirm.

1
Alexis’s other children, MC1 and MC3, are not parties to this appeal. The
termination of Alexis’s parental rights to MC1 and MC3 is the subject of the companion
case, Welsh v. Arkansas Department of Human Services, 2026 Ark. App. 259, ___ S.W.3d ___,
also handed down today.
I. Relevant Facts

On June 19, 2023, the Department exercised a seventy-two-hour emergency hold over

MC1 (age 4), MC2 (age 2), and MC3 (newborn) on June 19, 2023. On June 23, the

Department filed a petition for dependency-neglect regarding the children and named

Johnathon Mason as MC1’s father. MC3’s father was not identified during the case. The

court identified Christopher Krum as MC2’s putative father.

In the affidavit attached to the petition, the Department alleged the following. MC3

tested positive for amphetamines at birth. Alexis tested positive for methamphetamine and

amphetamines, though she initially denied drug use. Later, she admitted she had recently

taken pills and snorted an unknown substance. Alexis’s parents had physical custody of MC1

and MC2, but Alexis refused to tell the caseworker where they were. When the caseworker

went to Alexis’s mother’s home, the driveway gate was locked, and she refused to respond to

the caseworker’s honking or phone calls. Eventually, the caseworker was able to assess the

home and found it piled high with trash, boxes, and clothing and smelling strongly of trash

and rotten food. Alexis was drug tested, and the test was invalid due to the temperature of

the sample. Alexis denied having a drug problem and refused inpatient treatment. The

children were removed due to Alexis’s drug abuse, Garrett’s Law, Alexis’s hindering the

investigation, and the previous maltreatment of a child in her care.

An ex parte order for emergency custody was entered on June 23. The court found

that the Department had been involved with the family since August 13, 2018, and Alexis

had received services that had not prevented the children’s removal from her custody. On

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July 7, the circuit court entered the probable-cause order, finding that there was probable

cause that emergency conditions necessitated the removal of the children from Alexis’s

custody. The August 15 adjudication order reflected Alexis’s stipulation that the children

were adjudicated dependent-neglected. The court set the goal of the case as reunification.

In the February 8, 2024 review order, the court found that Christopher, who lived in

Texas, is MC2’s father, and the court was waiting for the Interstate Compact on the

Placement of Children (ICPC) home study to be completed before it could consider

placement with him. He was found to be compliant with the case plan. Alexis had completed

a twenty-eight-day inpatient treatment at Harbor House but had not followed the

recommendation that she complete sixty-day inpatient treatment. Alexis had attended

visitation and completed her psychological evaluation and submitted to drug screening. The

goal of the case continued as reunification.

In the May 16 review order, the court found that Alexis, Johnathon, and Christopher

were compliant with the case plan, and the goal remained reunification.

On May 30, the circuit court granted Christopher’s petition for MC2’s expedited

placement under the ICPC, pending the Department’s home assessment and the Texas

authority’s written notification that the placement does not appear to be contrary to her best

interest.

On June 10, the court entered the permanency-planning order, changing the goal of

the case to placement with a parent, guardian, or custodian. All three parents were found to

have complied with the case plan.

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On October 8, the circuit court entered the fifteen-month review order, changing the

goal of the case. Regarding MC1 and MC3, the court authorized a plan for termination and

adoption. As to MC2, the court continued the goal of reunification because of Christopher’s

progress and dedication to the case plan. Alexis was found to have partially complied with

the case plan. She had tested positive for drugs and had not submitted to the recommended

second drug-and-alcohol assessment. She had been living with her mother, who had recently

died, and she was not sure if she would inherit the home and continue living there. She had

arrived late to visitation and had not provided proof of employment.

The Department filed the termination petition seeking to terminate the parental

rights of Alexis and Johnathon on October 29. The Department alleged several statutory

grounds, including twelve-month failure to remedy, subsequent issues, and aggravated

circumstances—little likelihood. The Department alleged that the children are adoptable,

and potential for harm existed if the children were returned to Alexis’s custody.

On April 23, 2025, the circuit court entered a review order and permanent-custody

order regarding MC2. Christopher was declared a fit parent, and the court ordered that

MC2 be placed in his permanent custody. Alexis had not complied with the case plan, and

the court found that she remained unfit.

The circuit court held a termination hearing regarding MC2 on July 9. Alexis testified

that she had not used amphetamines or methamphetamine in two months, and she had

contested the positive test result for marijuana because she did not use it, but the people she

was around did. Alexis explained that she completed Harbor House’s twenty-eight-day

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treatment and was awaiting a spot in a shelter for women and their children when she left

the program because her mother was sick and dying. She relapsed at first, but she had avoided

drug use in the last couple of months by having a job and a routine schedule that kept her

focused. She had not been able to get into a counseling program. She lived in her deceased

mother’s three-bedroom home, but the home was in probate, and she was not sure what the

outcome would be. Alexis testified that she had attended visitation, but she did not have a

car and relied on people to drive her. Alexis explained that she was currently driving a Toyota

Corolla and that it was operable, though it needed a new fuel pump. She explained that she

wanted to coparent MC2 with Christopher and have visitation, and she did not believe that

her rights should be terminated. She stated that she would not test positive for drugs if tested

that day. Counsel then asked her if she recognized a purse that had been found in a

bathroom in the courthouse. Alexis denied that the purse belonged to her and stated that

she did not recognize the drug-related items inside the purse.

Christopher testified that MC2 was in his permanent custody and had been living

with him for several months. He reported that MC2 was happy and loved playing, swimming,

and swinging. Christopher explained that he had moved from Texas to Arkansas to facilitate

getting custody of MC2. Christopher was employed at Window Mart. Christopher explained

that visitation with Alexis was not for Alexis’s benefit but more for the three children to see

each other. He stated that when Alexis arrived for visitation, she sat in her car doing various

things anywhere from half an hour to an hour and a half. Other times she stayed in the

bathroom for part or most of the visit. Christopher stated that Alexis held and kissed MC2

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but did not play with her. He stated that Alexis seemed to focus on MC2 rather than her

siblings. Christopher recalled that sometimes Alexis brought men with her to visitation, and

once she took MC2 out to a car to see a man who was sitting in the car. He estimated that

she had missed over twenty visits.

Kim Sowell testified that she had been the supervisor for this case since it began.

Sowell explained that when this case began, there was a protective-services case already open

on the family. Sowell stated that Alexis had participated in some services, including

psychological evaluation, parenting classes, and drug-and-alcohol assessment; and she had

partially completed inpatient treatment. Sowell stated that Alexis had not provided her with

a pay stub or proof of employment. Since the last hearing in April, Alexis had tested positive

for amphetamines and methamphetamine. She stated that a negative result would be 50

nanograms, and Alexis tested at 7996.1 nanograms for amphetamines and “greater than

10,000” for methamphetamine. Sowell testified that Alexis admitted relapsing at times

during the case and explained, “Usually that’s been when she has been arrested for some

reason or another.” Sowell recalled that Alexis exercised visitation sporadically, which

confused the children because they did not know whether their mother was going to be

there. Sowell stated, “I can’t say that they go bad during the visitation time, but I also can

say that Ms. Welsh is not always present during the visits.” Sowell commended Christopher

for expediting MC2’s placement with him by moving to Arkansas. She also noted that

Christopher had tried to help Alexis by driving her to visitation and allowing her to live with

him for a while.

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After closing, counsel explained that there was possible new evidence, and the court

left the record open to make a determination on the issue. The bailiff explained to the court

that courthouse staff reported two women leaving backpacks in a restroom downstairs, one

of whom was Alexis. The backpacks contained drug paraphernalia, containers of urine, and

other “narcotic items.” Alexis had been arrested. The court set a hearing for July 23.

Alexis did not appear for the July 23 hearing. Sowell testified that Alexis’s drug screen

on July 9 at the courthouse before the hearing was positive for bupropion, but the sample

was too small to register a temperature. The drug screen at the jail later that day was positive

for amphetamines and methamphetamine. Sowell stated that at the jail, Alexis was

intoxicated, slurring her words, and was unable to answer questions without “tak[ing] off on

different rabbit trails.” Sowell again recommended terminating Alexis’s parental rights.

The circuit court entered the order terminating Alexis’s parental rights to MC2 on

August 29. The court found that the following statutory grounds supported the termination

of Alexis’s parental rights: twelve-month failure to remedy, subsequent issues, and aggravated

circumstances—little likelihood.2 The court found that it was in MC2’s best interest to

terminate Alexis’s parental rights due to the potential harm that could result if MC2 was

returned to Alexis’s custody. The court determined that the issue of adoptability was not

legally relevant in this case because Christopher’s parental rights would not be terminated,

2
Ark. Code Ann. §§ 9-27-341(b)(3)(B)(i) (Supp. 2023); 9-27-341(b)(3)(B)(vii)(a); 9-27-
341(b)(3)(B)(ix)(a)(3)(B)(i).

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and MC2 was in his custody. The court found that the case history, the July 9 incident

regarding the backpack in the courthouse, and Alexis’s subsequent positive drug screen and

arrest supported the potential-harm finding. The court noted and denied Alexis’s objection

that there was no reason to terminate her parental rights because “an order for supervised

visits would suffice.”

The order terminating Alexis’s parental rights to MC1 and MC3 was entered on

October 6.

Alexis timely filed her notice of appeal from the order terminating her parental rights

to MC2.

II. Discussion

A. Standard of Review

We review termination-of-parental-rights cases de novo. Dinkins v. Ark. Dep’t of Hum.

Servs., 344 Ark. 207, 40 S.W.3d 286 (2001). The appellate inquiry is whether the circuit

court’s finding that the disputed fact was proved by clear and convincing evidence is clearly

erroneous. We will not reverse the circuit court’s decision unless its findings are clearly

erroneous. Perry v. Ark. Dep’t of Hum. Servs., 2023 Ark. App. 323, 669 S.W.3d 865. In

resolving the clearly erroneous question, we give due regard to the opportunity of the circuit

court to judge the credibility of witnesses. Id.

B. Points on Appeal

1. Statutory authority

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For her first point on appeal, Alexis argues that the circuit court erred as a matter of

law by terminating her parental rights without statutory authority. 3 Specifically, she claims

that Ark. Code Ann. § 9-27- 341(b)(1)(A) authorizes the court to consider termination only

when it finds that an appropriate permanency-placement plan exists for the juvenile. The

permanency goals set forth in Ark. Code Ann. § 9-27-338(c) in order of preference include,

first and foremost, placing custody of the juvenile with a fit parent. Ark. Code Ann. § 9-27-

338(c)(1). Alexis did not raise the specific argument she raises now, and the circuit court did

not rule on the issue.

During her testimony at the termination hearing, Alexis asserted that she wanted to

coparent with Christopher and have visitation with MC2, and she disagreed that he should

have sole custody of MC2. She did not argue, as she does now, that “the termination statute

did not apply, and the court erred as a matter of law in proceeding on the petition.” A party

cannot change the grounds for an objection or motion on appeal but is bound by the scope

and nature of the arguments made before the circuit court. Washington Cnty. v. Coger, 2025

Ark. App. 145, 709 S.W.3d 827.

The failure to raise a challenge or obtain a ruling below is fatal to the appellate court’s

consideration of an issue on appeal. Lamontagne v. Ark. Dep’t of Hum. Servs., 2010 Ark. 190,

366 S.W.3d 351. The parent, as the appellant, has the burden of bringing a record before

this court sufficient to decide the issue presented. Miller v. Ark. Off. of Child Support Enf’t,

3
Alexis does not challenge the sufficiency of the evidence supporting the circuit
court’s statutory-grounds finding.

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2015 Ark. App. 188, 458 S.W.3d 733. For a circuit court to have committed reversible error,

timely and accurate objections must have been made so that the circuit court was given the

opportunity to correct the error. Id. It is the duty of the party seeking the relief to obtain a

ruling from the circuit court. Id. When a party seeking relief fails to obtain a ruling on the

specific issue, the appellate court is precluded from reviewing the issue on appeal. Id.

Accordingly, we affirm on this point without reaching the merits of Alexis’s argument.

2. Permanent placement of MC2 with her father

For her second point on appeal, Alexis challenges the court’s best-interest

determination, asserting that the circuit court’s potential-harm finding is not supported by

sufficient evidence because MC2 had been permanently placed with Christopher.

Specifically, she contends that termination was “punitive” because MC2 had achieved

permanency when she was placed with her father, and “any remaining concerns could have

been addressed through a specific visitation order rather than the drastic remedy of

termination.”4 Her argument is not well taken.

Termination of parental rights is an extreme remedy and in derogation of a parent’s

natural rights. Bentley v. Ark. Dep’t of Hum. Servs., 2018 Ark. App. 374, 554 S.W.3d 285. The

intent behind the termination-of-parental-rights statute is to provide permanency in a child’s

life when it is not possible to return the child to the family home because it is contrary to

4
Alexis does not challenge the court’s determination that adoptability was not a legal
issue in this case; therefore, we are not required to address the court’s finding. See Easter v.
Ark. Dep’t of Hum. Servs., 2019 Ark. App. 441, 587 S.W.3d 604.

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the child’s health, safety, or welfare, and a return to the family home cannot be accomplished

in a reasonable period of time as viewed from the child’s perspective. Ark. Code Ann. § 9-

27-341(a)(3); Lyall v. Ark. Dep’t of Hum. Servs., 2023 Ark. App. 81, 661 S.W.3d 240. As such,

parental rights will not be enforced to the detriment or destruction of the health and well-

being of the child. Bentley, 2018 Ark. App. 374, at 5, 554 S.W.3d at 289.

To terminate parental rights, the Department must prove by clear and convincing

evidence that a minimum of one statutory ground exists, and it is in the child’s best interest

to do so. Ark. Code Ann. § 9-27-341. Clear and convincing evidence is that degree of proof

that will produce in the finder of fact a firm conviction of the allegation sought to be

established. Bentley, 2018 Ark. App. 374, at 4–5, 554 S.W.3d at 289. In finding that

termination is in the best interest of the child, the circuit court is required to consider the

likelihood that the child will be adopted if the petition is granted and the potential harm to

the health and safety of the child that might result from returning the child to the parent’s

custody. Ark. Code Ann. § 9-27-341(b)(3)(A). It is the overall evidence—not proof of each

factor—that must demonstrate that termination is in the child’s best interest. Cole v. Ark.

Dep’t of Hum. Servs., 2020 Ark. App. 481, at 9, 611 S.W.3d 218, 223.

The court is not required to find that actual harm would result or to affirmatively

identify a potential harm. Dowdy v. Ark. Dep’t of Hum. Servs., 2009 Ark. App. 180, 314 S.W.3d

722. The potential-harm evidence must be viewed in a forward-looking manner and

considered in broad terms. Samuels v. Ark. Dep’t of Hum. Servs., 2014 Ark. App. 527, 443

S.W.3d 599. A parent’s past behavior is often a good indicator of future behavior and may

11
be viewed as a predictor of likely potential harm should the child be returned to the parent’s

care and custody. Shawkey v. Ark. Dep’t of Hum. Servs., 2017 Ark. App. 2, 510 S.W.3d 803.

Alexis’s argument that a less restrictive alternative disposition—a visitation order—

would have sufficed here does not take into account the facts of this case. Visitation

throughout the two-year case was counterproductive at best. Alexis often spent the bulk of

the visitation time in the car or in the bathroom and was “not always present.” Additionally,

Christopher testified that during visitation, Alexis took MC2 outside to the car to see the

man who had driven Alexis that day. He also testified that Alexis showed a preference for

MC2 and ignored MC1 and MC3. Christopher recalled that Alexis would hold and kiss

MC2, but she did not play with her. The caseworker testified that the children did not know

whether their mother would come to or participate in visitation, and it caused uncertainty

and instability for them. The circuit court’s potential-harm finding is supported by sufficient

evidence.

We note that Alexis compares the instant case to several cornerstone cases involving

permanent placement and termination of parental rights; however, each case she cites is

factually distinguishable: Caldwell v. Arkansas Department of Human Services, 2010 Ark. App.

102 (preservation of the established grandparent relationship that would end if parental

rights terminated); Lively v. Arkansas Department of Human Services, 2015 Ark. App. 131, 456

S.W.3d 383 (other considerations were that there was no evidence of adoptability and the

need to preserve the grandparent relationship); Cranford v. Arkansas Department of Human

Services, 2011 Ark. App. 211, 378 S.W.3d 851 (father had demonstrated stability in housing

12
and employment and was going to be released from prison in six weeks); and Bunch v.

Arkansas Department of Human Services, 2017 Ark. App. 374, 523 S.W.3d 913 (mother had

complied with the case plan and reunification was likely with a little more time.) Alexis’s

comparison of the instant case to the caselaw above is unpersuasive, and we find no error in

the circuit court’s best-interest finding.

Accordingly, we affirm.

Affirmed.

ABRAMSON and HARRISON, JJ., agree.

Elizabeth James, Arkansas Commission for Parent Counsel, for appellant.

Ellen K. Howard, Ark. Dep’t of Human Services Office of Chief Counsel, for appellee.

Linda J. Hamilton, attorney ad litem for minor child.

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