Minor Child v. State of Arkansas

Cite as 2025 Ark. App. 571
ARKANSAS COURT OF APPEALS
DIVISION IV
No. CR-24-741

MINOR CHILD Opinion Delivered December 3, 2025
APPELLANT
APPEAL FROM THE BENTON
COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT
V. [NO. 04JV-23-792]

STATE OF ARKANSAS HONORABLE THOMAS SMITH,
APPELLEE JUDGE

AFFIRMED

RAYMOND R. ABRAMSON, Judge

Minor Child (MC) appeals the Benton County Circuit Court order adjudicating him

a delinquent on findings of aggravated assault, disorderly conduct, and obstructing

governmental operations. On appeal, MC argues that the State presented insufficient

evidence that he committed aggravated assault. We affirm.

On November 6, 2023, the State petitioned for delinquency against MC, alleging that

he was fourteen years old and had committed aggravated assault, disorderly conduct, and

obstruction of governmental operations on November 5, 2023. Specifically, the State

asserted that MC pulled a knife on Spencer Kirkpatrick and that he impaired officers’

investigation of the incident.

The court held an adjudication hearing on July 10, 2024. At the hearing, Kirkpatrick,

who was thirty-one years old, testified that he and his friends were playing basketball at a
park when MC and other minors arrived. He explained that after MC arrived at the park,

his friend, Tyler Spears, noticed that his vape pipe was missing from his backpack.

Kirkpatrick stated that MC had been close to Spears’s backpack and that he believed MC

had taken the vape. He explained that he confronted MC about stealing Spears’s vape and

that MC pushed him and then walked backwards and pulled a knife. Kirkpatrick explained

that after MC pulled the knife, they separated, and he resumed playing basketball with his

friends. He stated that he thought MC had left the park.

Kirkpatrick explained, however, that MC returned to the basketball court about three

to six minutes later with more friends and that they approached him as he backed away. He

noted that there were about five to eight other minors with MC. He stated that MC was

holding a knife, and another minor had a second knife. He explained that they surrounded

him and continued to approach him with knives in their hands until the police arrived. He

also stated there was not much distance between him and MC. Kirkpatrick testified that

when the police arrived, MC and the minors resisted the police officers. He also stated that

the scene was “chaos” and that he was “in a state of shock.”

During cross-examination, MC introduced a video recording of the first encounter

when MC pulled a knife on Kirkpatrick. The video shows MC backing away from Kirkpatrick

and then pulling out a knife.

Officer Samuel Jiminez testified that he responded to a 911 call concerning juveniles

fighting with a knife. He stated that when he arrived, he saw “a group of people pushing into

another group of people” and then a group of minors began to run away when he exited his

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patrol car. He stated that he drew his handgun and yelled at the minors to stop. He stated

that MC stopped, and when he asked MC about a knife, MC responded he had dropped it.

Officer Jiminez explained that he then put MC in handcuffs and asked him to sit down on

a park bench so that he could investigate the situation. He explained that MC refused to

remain seated. He testified that when other officers arrived, he was able to detain MC and

the other minors. The State introduced a recording of the incident from Officer Jiminez’s

body camera.

At the conclusion of the State’s case, MC moved to dismiss the petition as to the

aggravated-assault charge. He argued that the State failed to prove that he created a

substantial danger of death or physical injury. He argued that the evidence showed that he

merely flashed a knife, and he asserted that there was no evidence that he threatened to kill

or tried to stab anyone. He also pointed out that “there was always some distance.” The court

denied the motion. The court found that MC committed disorderly conduct and obstructing

governmental operations, but it deferred a finding on aggravated assault in order for the

parties to submit briefs.

On July 24, the court reconvened and concluded that MC had committed aggravated

assault. The court determined that the first encounter when MC pulled the knife did not

constitute aggravated assault, but the court found that MC committed aggravated assault

when he returned to the basketball court and again pulled the knife on Kirkpatrick. The

court sentenced MC to probation. MC appealed the adjudication to this court, and he argues

that the circuit court erred by finding that he committed aggravated assault.

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While a delinquency adjudication is not a criminal conviction, it is based on an

allegation by the State that the juvenile has committed a certain crime. A.D. v. State, 2015

Ark. App. 35, 453 S.W.3d 696. Our standard of review is the same as it would be in a

criminal case, that is, whether the adjudication is supported by substantial evidence. Id.

Substantial evidence is evidence, direct or circumstantial, that is of sufficient force and

character to compel a conclusion one way or the other without speculation or conjecture. Id.

In considering the evidence presented below, we will not weigh the evidence or assess the

credibility of witnesses because those are questions for the fact-finder. Id. The evidence is

viewed in the light most favorable to the State. A.W. v. State, 2017 Ark. App. 34, 510 S.W.3d

811.

In this case, MC argues that the State presented insufficient evidence that he created

a substantial danger of death or physical injury. He asserts that during the second encounter,

he did not threaten Spencer and only flashed the knife at him. He further argues that he and

the other minors were not close to Spencer. MC likens his case to Wooten v. State, 32 Ark.

App. 198, 799 S.W.2d 560 (1999), and Swaim v. State, 78 Ark. App. 176, 79 S.W.3d 853

(2002).

A person commits aggravated assault when, under circumstances manifesting extreme

indifference to the value of human life, the person purposely engages in conduct that creates

a substantial danger of death or serious physical injury to another person. See Ark. Code

Ann. § 5-13-204(a)(1) (Repl. 2024). The aggravated-assault statute does not require that a

weapon actually be used or that the victim actually fear for his safety but requires a substantial

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danger of death or the injury to another person. Schwede v. State, 49 Ark. App. 87, 896

S.W.2d 454 (1995) (citing Wooten, 32 Ark. App. at 201, 799 S.W.2d at 562). We have stated

that our statute “does not require that a verbal threat be used; instead, it is the appellant’s

overall conduct that must be examined.” J.N.A. v. State, 2017 Ark. App. 502, at 9–10, 532

S.W.3d 582, 589. The fact-finder does not and need not view each fact in isolation but rather

considers the evidence as a whole. Id.

In Wooten, we held that because the appellant did not point the gun at the officer or

expressly threaten the officer, the appellant was not guilty of aggravated assault. In Swaim,

we held that where the appellant displayed a firearm but did not point it at the officer or

expressly make a threat and then dropped the weapon, the appellant was not guilty of

aggravated assault.

Here, viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the State, we hold that this

case is unlike either Wooten or Swaim and that the circuit court did not err in finding that

MC committed aggravated assault. The evidence showed that after pulling a knife on

Kirkpatrick during the first encounter, MC returned to the park, surrounded Kirkpatrick

with other acquaintances, and approached him while visibly holding the knife in his hand.

Given these circumstances, we hold that there was sufficient evidence from which the circuit

court could find that MC’s conduct created a substantial danger of death or serious physical

injury to Kirkpatrick. We therefore affirm the adjudication order.

Affirmed.

THYER and MURPHY, JJ., agree.

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Sharon Kiel, for appellant.

Tim Griffin, Att’y Gen., by: Dalton Cook, Ass’t Att’y Gen., for appellee.

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