Koquise Edwards, Connie Ponds, and Deborah Edwards v. Ronald Hart and Curtis Harraway, Sr., Co-Administrators of the Estate of Monroe Hart

Cite as 2020 Ark. App. 182
ARKANSAS COURT OF APPEALS
DIVISION III
No. CV-19-336

Opinion Delivered: March 18, 2020
KOQUISE EDWARDS, CONNIE PONDS,
AND DEBORAH EDWARDS
APPELLANTS APPEAL FROM THE CLARK
COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT
V. [NO. 10PR-15-32]

RONALD HART AND CURTIS
HARRAWAY, SR., CO-ADMINISTRATORS HONORABLE GREGORY L.
OF THE ESTATE OF MONROE HART, VARDAMAN, JUDGE
DECEASED
APPELLEES REVERSED AND DISMISSED

BART F. VIRDEN, Judge

This is an interlocutory appeal from the probate division of the Clark County

Circuit Court.1 On appeal, appellants Koquise Edwards, Connie Ponds, and Deborah

Edwards (Oklahoma heirs) assert that the probate division of the circuit court (probate

court) was statutorily time-barred from administering the estate of Monroe Hart.

Alternatively, the appellants argue that the probate court erred by refusing to grant their

request to set aside the sale of the real property included in the estate. We agree that the

probate court was statutorily prohibited from administering the estate, and we reverse and

dismiss.

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Our jurisdiction is pursuant to Ark. R. App. P. Civ.-2(a)(12).
I. Relevant Facts

On August 21, 1999, Monroe Hart, who never had children, died intestate in

Oklahoma. Monroe’s heirs-at-law consist of the descendants of four of his siblings. When

Monroe died, it was assumed that he owned three contiguous plots of timber land located

in Clark County. Indeed, Monroe Hart was listed in the tax record as the owner of the

land. On April 20, 2015, two of Monroe’s relatives, Ronald Hart and Curtis Harraway, Sr.,

petitioned the probate court to admit Monroe’s estate to probate and requested that they

be appointed the personal representatives of the estate. The probate court granted the

petition and named Hart and Harraway co-administrators. An inventory of the estate

showed that its only assets were the three plots of land (150 acres), valued at $300,000

total, with an unknown value of the timber on the land. In June 2015, the co-

administrators published notice of the appointment of personal representatives for the

estate in The Standard, a local newspaper that circulates in Clark and Pike Counties. In

February 2016, Hart and Harraway then petitioned the probate court for approval of the

sale of the land for $120,000 to LTB Land & Timber Company (LTB). The co-

administrators explained that the land had been “cut over” (heavily logged) and this was

the best offer they would get. After the proposed sale of the land had been arranged, an

appraiser assessed the fair market value of the land and estimated its value to be $120,000.

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On March 24, 2016, the court approved the sale. Then, during a title search, LTB

discovered that Monroe Hart’s name was not on the deed to the three plots. Initially, there

was some confusion about who held title to the property, and the circuit court set aside the

sale. The co-administrators nonsuited the petition for probate, but two days later, the

circuit court canceled the order for dismissal and reopened the estate. In the order

reopening the case, the probate court found that Clark County Abstract Company had

discovered that the last title holders to the land were actually Filmore Hart and his brother

Jacob Hart (Monroe’s father), who had both been deceased since the 1930s. Monroe, who

had for some years paid the property taxes on the land, had been listed on the tax record as

the property owner. The court advised the co-administrators to file a quiet title action in

the circuit court. Hart and Harraway quieted the title in circuit court,2 and in November

they petitioned the probate court to order distribution of the sales proceeds—minus the

administration fees, attorney’s fees and costs, costs related to taking care of the land, and

tax payments made over the years.

In February and March 2017, the co-administrators placed notices in the Arkansas

Democrat-Gazette and the San Jose Mercury News informing potential heirs of the sale of the

land. In April, the co-administrators filed an amended petition for distribution of the

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Case number CIV-2016-071.

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proceeds and to determine the final method of distributing the estate. In May, the probate

court ordered the co-administrators to determine that all heirs had been notified.

In January 2018, the co-administrators filed a motion to determine heirship and for

partial or final distribution of the proceeds. According to the co-administrators, from

January to April, direct notice was sent to “all known heirs.” A hearing was set for May, but

it was postponed because a putative heir from Oklahoma contacted the probate court and

explained that a substantial number of heirs had not received notice. The circuit court

ordered the co-administrators to give notice to all heirs.

On June 8, the Oklahoma heirs filed an objection to the final distribution and a

motion to set aside the sale of the land. The co-administrators filed another amended

petition for final distribution and to close the estate.

In July, after a hearing, the court denied the motion to set aside the sale of the land.

The court found that the Oklahoma heirs were not notified of the opening of the estate or

the sale of the estate property. The court noted that the co-administrators notified the

Oklahoma heirs after the sale “but only after the Court instructed the Petitioners” to

determine that all the heirs had been notified. The court also stated that the sale was

“problematic,” “premature,” and “not in the best interest of the estate and heirs,” and that

it surmised that the sales price of the land was less than the actual value. The court ordered

the attorney’s fees and administrative fees be paid from the proceeds, and it ordered

Harraway be reimbursed for tax payments from the proceeds as well. The court denied the

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co-administrators’ request to close the estate and ordered that after a complete list of heirs

was compiled, the final distribution would be made. The Oklahoma heirs timely filed their

appeal.

II. Discussion

We agree with the Oklahoma heirs’ first argument that the administration of the

estate was time-barred, and we reverse and dismiss.

This court reviews probate proceedings de novo on the record, but it will not

reverse the decision of the circuit court unless it is clearly erroneous. Seymour v. Biehslich,

371 Ark. 359, 266 S.W.3d 722 (2007). In conducting our review, we give due regard to the

opportunity and superior position of the circuit court to determine the credibility of the

witnesses. Id. Furthermore, while we will not overturn the circuit court’s factual

determinations unless they are clearly erroneous, we are free in a de novo review to reach a

different result required by the law. Hetman v. Schwade, 2009 Ark. 302, at 5, 317 S.W.3d

559, 562.

The cardinal rule of statutory construction is to give effect to the intent of the

legislature. Bell v. McDonald, 2014 Ark. 75, 432 S.W.3d 18. We are to construe the statute

just as it reads, giving the words their ordinary and usually accepted meaning in common

language. Id. When the language of a statute is plain and unambiguous and conveys a clear

and definite meaning, there is no need to resort to rules of statutory interpretation. Id.

Arkansas Code Annotated section 28-40-103 sets forth that

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(a) No will shall be admitted to probate and no administration shall be
granted unless application is made to the court for admission to probate within five
(5) years from the death of the decedent, subject only to the exceptions stated in this
section.

(b) This section shall not affect the availability of appropriate equitable relief
against a person who has fraudulently concealed or participated in the concealment
of a will.

(c)(1) Insofar only as it relates to real property in Arkansas, or any
interest in real property, the will of a nonresident which has been admitted to
probate in another appropriate jurisdiction may be admitted to probate in this state
without regard to the time limit imposed by this section.

(2) However, rights and interests in the real property which, after the
death of the testator if it is assumed that he or she died intestate, have been
acquired by purchase, as evidenced by one (1) or more appropriate
instruments which have been properly recorded in the office of the recorder
of the county in which the real property is situated and which would be valid
and effective had the decedent died intestate, shall not be adversely affected
by the probate of the will in this state after the expiration of the time limit
imposed by subsection (a) of this section.

The statute clearly sets forth that the court has no authority to administer an estate

past the five-year limit. The co-administrators assert that “Ark Code Ann. 28-40-103 is

instructive regarding the normal five-year term but should not be controlling when almost

100 years have passed since the death of the title owners.” The passage of time is not an

exception to the statute, and the co-administrators’ argument is not well taken. Because of

our above holding, we do not reach the remaining issues on appeal.

Reversed and dismissed.

ABRAMSON and HIXSON, JJ., agree.

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Legacy Law Group, by: Bryan Jay Reis and Philip B. Montgomery, for appellants.

Sanders Law Firm, by: Bob Sanders, for appellees.

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