Silver Springs Property Owners' Recreational Improvement District No. 30 of Haskell, Arkansas v. Jeff Arey, Saline County Judge; Bob Ramsey, Saline County Assessor; Joy Ballard, Saline County Collector; Saline County Quorum Court; Saline County Board of Equalization; And Saline County, Arkansas

Cite as 2019 Ark. App. 520
Reason: I attest to the
accuracy and integrity of this
ARKANSAS COURT OF APPEALS
document
Date: 2021-06-18 09:49:55
Foxit PhantomPDF Version: DIVISION I
9.7.5 No. CV-19-72

SILVER SPRINGS PROPERTY Opinion Delivered November 6, 2019
OWNERS’ RECREATIONAL
IMPROVEMENT DISTRICT NO. 30 APPEAL FROM THE SALINE
OF HASKELL, ARKANSAS COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT
[NO. 63CV-16-932]
APPELLANT
HONORABLE GRISHAM PHILLIPS,
V. JUDGE

JEFF AREY, SALINE COUNTY JUDGE;
BOB RAMSEY, SALINE COUNTY
ASSESSOR; JOY BALLARD, SALINE
COUNTY COLLECTOR; SALINE
COUNTY QUORUM COURT; SALINE
COUNTY BOARD OF
EQUALIZATION; AND SALINE AFFIRMED
COUNTY, ARKANSAS

APPELLEES

LARRY D. VAUGHT, Judge

Silver Springs Property Owners’ Recreational Improvement District No. 30 of Haskell,

Arkansas (“Silver Springs” or “the District”), appeals the Saline County Circuit Court’s denial

of its request for a public-use/public-ownership exemption to ad valorem taxation. We affirm.

Silver Springs is a statutorily created, quasi-governmental entity that exists in Haskell,

Arkansas. It encompasses a residential neighborhood and 156 acres of recreational facilities,

which include a golf course, tennis courts, a swimming pool, and two buildings. Silver Springs
purchased the recreational facilities in 2011 from Doug Loftin, who originally created the

improvement district and developed the neighborhood.

The golf course, the swimming pool, and all other facilities on the property are open

to the public and have been since before they were purchased by the improvement district.

There are fees for the use of these facilities. There are also assessments against the properties

in the neighborhood. The assessment is $540 per year for each lot. The daily fee for playing

golf at the course for the general public is $25. The daily fee for use of the pool is $5. A

membership to the facility can be purchased for $99 per month for nonresidents and $59 per

month for residents who pay a $540 per-year assessment to the District. Those residents are

given a credit of $40 per month toward their membership to the recreational facility, bringing

their monthly payment down from $99 per month to $59.

Portions of the clubhouse are leased to a third-party vendor that provides restaurant

services, manages the bar, and occasionally operates the cash register in order to take payment

from golfers. The third-party vendor operates the restaurant for profit.

Since the purchase of the recreational facilities by the District, ad valorem taxes have

not been paid to Saline County. Doug Loftin made the District commissioners aware of this

in 2015, and the District commissioners then filed a request to be declared exempt from ad

valorem taxation as a result of the public-ownership/public-use exemption.

The Saline County Judge denied the District’s request for exempt status, and the matter

was appealed to the Saline County Circuit Court. The circuit court likewise denied the

exemption on October 29, 2018, and this appeal followed.

2
The party seeking a tax exemption has the burden of proving its claim for tax-exempt

status beyond a reasonable doubt.1 Pledger v. Baldor Int’l, 309 Ark. 30, 827 S.W.2d 646 (1992).

Tax exemptions are strictly construed against the exemption and “to doubt is to deny the

exemption.” Id. at 33, 827 S.W.2d at 648. The court in Arkansas Conference Ass’n of Seventh Day

Adventist, Inc. v. Benton County Board of Equalization, 304 Ark. 95, 800 S.W.2d 426 (1990), stated

that

[i]n Arkansas the rule of strict construction applies to tax exemptions, therefore the
term “exclusively” is to be narrowly construed. Hilger v. Harding College, 231 Ark. 686,
331 S.W.2d 851 (1960). Moreover, “[t]o determine whether property is used
‘exclusively’ for a particular purpose, generally it is necessary to look to the primary use
to which the property is put and not to the secondary use.” 2 T. Cooley, The Law of
Taxation § 685 (4th ed. 1924).

304 Ark. at 97, 800 S.W.2d at 427. On appeal, we review such cases de novo and will not

reverse absent a finding that the circuit court’s finding was clearly erroneous. Id.

Under article 16, section 5 of the Arkansas Constitution, public property used

exclusively for public purposes shall be exempt from taxation. Arkansas Code Annotated

section 26-3-301(10) (Repl. 2012) states that: “[p]ublic property which may be reserved for use

by any person or organization, with or without fee for such use, and is being used exclusively

for public purposes, regardless of whether the event for which the property is reserved is open

for attendance or participation by the general public” shall be exempt from taxation. It is not

enough that public property may be reserved by anyone with or without fee; it still must be

used exclusively for public purposes. Ark. Code Ann. § 26-3-301(10).

1While there is some question as to whether the beyond-a-reasonable-doubt standard

applies to the case at bar, no one raised this issue below or challenged the application of that
burden of proof on appeal.
3
There is no dispute in this case that the property in question is owned by a statutorily

created improvement district and that the District is considered a quasi-governmental entity.

Moreover, no one disagrees that recreational-use facilities can qualify for tax-exempt status.

The only issue in the current appeal is whether the circuit court erred in finding that Silver

Springs did not prove beyond a reasonable doubt that its recreational-use facilities were used

exclusively for public purposes.

The circuit court based its finding on three key facts. First, the petition documents used

in establishing the creation of the improvement district state that the District was formed “to

serve the inhabitants of the district” and “[t]o contract for the right of the district’s property

owners . . . .” The appellees acknowledge that the intent for which the District was originally

formed and the ways in which the property was subsequently used are not necessarily the

same, but they note that the court did not err in considering that intent—as demonstrated in

the petition documents—as part of its analysis.

The court also considered the fact that persons outside the improvement district pay

$99 per month for a membership in the golf course while property owners within the district

pay $59 per month for a membership. Residents of the subdivision within the district pay the

district the sum of $540 annually, or $45 per month, which is used to reduce the bonded

indebtedness of the District. This fee is paid by all residents, regardless of whether they use

the recreational facilities, and it is explicitly for the purpose of paying off the District’s bonded

indebtedness. We find no error in the court’s interpretation that these annual fees are separate

from what residents and nonresidents pay to use Silver Springs’ recreational facilities. A

“public purpose” contemplates that the use must be common to all and not to a particular

4
group. Holiday Island Suburban Improvement Dist. No. 1 v. Williams, 295 Ark. 442, 445, 749 S.W.2d

314, 316 (1988). These facts support the conclusion that Silver Springs, while open to

everyone, provides preferential access to the residents of the subdivision located within the

improvement district because residents pay a lower monthly fee.

Third, the court found that portions of the clubhouse are leased out to a third-party

vendor who provides restaurant services, manages the bar, and occasionally operates the cash

register, and that the third-party vendor operates with a view toward profit. In Pulaski County

v. Carriage Creek Property Owners Improvement District No. 639, 319 Ark. 12, 888 S.W.2d 652 (1994),

the Arkansas Supreme Court stated that

[t]here is a material difference between the use of the property exclusively for public
purposes and renting it out and then applying the proceeds arising therefrom to the
public use. The property under our Constitution must be actually occupied or made
use of for a public purpose and our court has recognized the difference between the
actual use of the property and the use of the income.

319 Ark. at 14, 888 S.W.2d at 654 (quoting Robinson v. Indiana & Ark. Lumber & Mfg. Co., 128

Ark. 550, 194 S.W. 870 (1917)). Citing School District of Fort Smith v. Howe, 62 Ark. 481, 37 S.W.

717 (1896), the court in City of Little Rock v. McIntosh, 319 Ark. 423, 430, 892 S.W.2d 462, 467

(1995) further stated that “[i]t has long been our law that when public land is leased or rented

out for private uses, ad valorem tax is imposed, even if the profits go back into the public

treasury” and the court said “to state that the businesses are privately run for profit is

‘incidental’ would ‘result in whittling away at the intent of the Constitution.’” (quoting Hilger

v. Harding Coll., 231 Ark. 686, 696, 331 S.W.2d 851, 857 (1960)).

5
Given prior case law and the burden of proof to which the parties have acquiesced in

this case, we see no reversible error in the court’s finding that the district was not operated

exclusively for public purposes.

Affirmed.

GRUBER, C.J., and WHITEAKER, J., agree.

Baxter Law Firm, by: Bobby McCallister, for appellant.

Clay Ford, for appellees.

6