Jesus Hernandez v. Maria Rosenda Rodriguez (Appeal from Shelby Circuit Court: DR-23-900041).

Rel: April 26, 2024

Notice: This opinion is subject to formal revision before publication in the advance sheets of Southern Reporter.
Readers are requested to notify the Reporter of Decisions, Alabama Appellate Courts, 300 Dexter Avenue,
Montgomery, Alabama 36104-3741 ((334) 229-0650), of any typographical or other errors, in order that corrections
may be made before the opinion is published in Southern Reporter.

ALABAMA COURT OF CIVIL APPEALS
OCTOBER TERM, 2023-2024
_________________________

CL-2023-0584
_________________________

Jesus Hernandez

v.

Maria Rosenda Rodriguez

_________________________

CL-2023-0716
_________________________

Maria Rosenda Rodriguez

v.

Jesus Hernandez

Appeals from Shelby Circuit Court
(DR-23-900041)
CL-2023-0584 and CL-2023-0716

LEWIS, Judge.

Jesus Hernandez ("the husband") appeals from a judgment entered

by the Shelby Circuit Court ("the trial court"), that, among other things,

divorced him from Maria Rosenda Rodriguez ("the wife"). The wife cross-

appeals from that same judgment. With respect to the husband's appeal,

we reverse the trial court's judgment and remand the case for the trial

court to make those findings necessary to comply with § 30-2-57, Ala.

Code 1975. With respect to the wife's cross-appeal, we reverse the trial

court's judgment regarding its division of the marital property, the

amount of its child-support award, and its award pursuant to Rule

32(A)(4), Ala. R. Jud. Admin., and we remand the case for the trial court

to enter a judgment in accordance with this opinion.

Procedural History

The parties married on January 15, 1997. The wife filed a

complaint seeking a divorce from the husband on January 19, 2023. The

husband filed an answer to the wife's complaint for a divorce on February

7, 2023. A trial was held on June 12, 2023, and June 15, 2023. On July

13, 2023, the trial court entered a final judgment divorcing the parties.

The trial court's final judgment of divorce divided the marital property;

2
CL-2023-0584 and CL-2023-0716

awarded the parties joint legal custody of K.H. ("the child"), the only child

born of the marriage who remained a minor at the time of the divorce

judgment; awarded the wife sole physical custody of the child; ordered

the husband to pay monthly child support in the amount of $585; and

awarded the wife $3,000 per month in periodic alimony, until the first of

the following: "[the] wife's death, the husband's death, or by the wife's

open cohabitation with an individual with whom she is romantically

involved and as contemplated under § 30-2-55, Code of Alabama (1975)."

The wife filed a postjudgment motion seeking to alter, amend, or

vacate the divorce judgment on August 14, 2023.1 On August 22, 2023,

the trial court entered an order that corrected certain clerical errors but

otherwise denied the wife's postjudgment motion. On August 23, 2023,

the husband filed a notice of appeal to this court. The wife filed her cross-

appeal on October 3, 2023. On October 6, 2023, this court consolidated

the husband's appeal and the wife's cross-appeal ex mero motu.

1Because the 30th day following the entry of the divorce judgment

fell on a Saturday, the wife had until the following Monday, August 14,
2023, to file her postjudgment motion. See Rules 6(a) and 59(e), Ala. R.
Civ. P.
3
CL-2023-0584 and CL-2023-0716

Discussion

On appeal, the husband argues that the trial court abused its

discretion in awarding the wife periodic alimony. On cross-appeal, the

wife challenges the trial court's division of property and award of child

support.

I. The Husband's Appeal

We first address the issue of periodic alimony, which is the sole

issue raised by the husband on appeal. Section 30-2-57, Ala. Code 1975,

which is titled "Rehabilitative or periodic alimony," provides, in pertinent

part:

"(a) Upon granting a divorce or legal separation, the
court shall award either rehabilitative or periodic alimony as
provided in subsection (b), if the court expressly finds all of
the following:

"(1) A party lacks a separate estate or his or
her separate estate is insufficient to enable the
party to acquire the ability to preserve, to the
extent possible, the economic status quo of the
parties as it existed during the marriage.

"(2) The other party has the ability to supply
those means without undue economic hardship.

"(3) The circumstances of the case make it
equitable.

4
CL-2023-0584 and CL-2023-0716

"(b) If a party has met the requirements of subsection
(a), the court shall award alimony in the following priority:

"(1) Unless the court expressly finds that
rehabilitative alimony is not feasible, the court
shall award rehabilitative alimony to the party for
a limited duration, not to exceed five years, absent
extraordinary circumstances, of an amount to
enable the party to acquire the ability to preserve,
to the extent possible, the economic status quo of
the parties as it existed during the marriage.

"(2) In cases in which the court expressly
finds that rehabilitation is not feasible, a good-
faith attempt at rehabilitation fails, or good-faith
rehabilitation only enables the party to partially
acquire the ability to preserve, to the extent
possible, the economic status quo of the parties as
it existed during the marriage, the court shall
award the party periodic installments of alimony
for a duration and an amount to allow the party to
preserve, to the extent possible, the economic
status quo of the parties as it existed during the
marriage as provided in subsection (g)."

(Emphasis added.)

Although neither party specifically argues that the trial court erred

by failing to make the express findings required by § 30-2-57(a) and (b),

"this court has reversed a trial court's judgment and remanded the case

for it to enter … mandated findings as to a judgment … ex mero motu."

Merrick v. Merrick, 352 So. 3d 770, 775 (Ala. Civ. App. 2021) (citing

Regions Bank v. Allen, 256 So. 3d 669, 671 (Ala. Civ. App. 2018)).

5
CL-2023-0584 and CL-2023-0716

Specifically, with respect to an award of alimony,

"in Merrick v. Merrick, 352 So. 3d 770 (Ala. Civ. App. 2021),
this court discussed the application of Ala. Code 1975, § 30-2-
57, stating: 'The legislature has clearly required that an
alimony award be either rehabilitative alimony or periodic
alimony and that, to award either type of alimony, the trial
court must make certain express findings ....' 352 So. 3d at
775. Those requirements include findings as to those matters
discussed in § 30-2-57(a), Ala. Code 1975, and, if a periodic-
alimony award is to be made, a finding 'that rehabilitative
alimony is not feasible,' § 30-2-57(b)(1), Ala. Code 1975, based
upon the trial court's consideration of the various factors
described in § 30-2-57(d) & (f), Ala. Code 1975."

Lopez v. Rodriguez, 379 So. 3d 455, 461 (Ala. Civ. App. 2023).

"The legislature has clearly directed that a trial court must make

express findings as to the establishment of the basis for an alimony

award and as to the specific type of alimony that is awarded." Id. "The

general purpose of making specific findings of fact is to allow the trial

court 'to carefully review the evidence and to perfect the issues for review

on appeal.' " White v. Jones, [Ms. CL-2023-0511, Feb. 16, 2024] ___ So.

3d ___, ___ (Ala. Civ. App. 2024) (quoting Ex parte Vaughn, 495 So. 2d

83, 87 (Ala. 1986)).

In this case, the trial court's judgment does not contain the express

findings that § 30-2-57 requires to support an award of periodic alimony.

Further, upon awarding periodic alimony, the trial court failed to make

6
CL-2023-0584 and CL-2023-0716

an express finding that rehabilitative alimony was not feasible based

upon the trial court's consideration of the various factors described in §

30-2-57(d) and (f), Ala. Code 1975. See Lopez, 379 So. 3d at 461. Because

the judgment does not satisfy the requirements of § 30-2-57, we reverse

the trial court's judgment and remand the case to the trial court with

instructions that it enter a new judgment in compliance with § 30-2-57.

II. The Wife's Cross-Appeal

A.

On cross-appeal, the wife first argues that the trial court erred in

its division of marital property. However, " '[i]n light of our reversal on

the alimony issue [raised by the husband], we pretermit any discussion

regarding the equity of the marital property award because '[t]he issues

of property division and alimony are interrelated, and they must be

considered together on appeal.' " Lopez, 379 So. 3d at 462 (quoting

Turnbo v. Turnbo, 938 So. 2d 425, 430 (Ala. Civ. App. 2006)). Therefore,

the trial court in this case is directed to reconsider the division of marital

property along with its determination of the alimony issue.

7
CL-2023-0584 and CL-2023-0716

B.

The wife also argues that the trial court erred in its award of child

support. Specifically, she argues that the "[husband's Form] CS-41 …

does not reflect all [of the husband's] income" and "there was no order for

medical insurance for the minor child." The wife's brief at p. 20.

With respect to the wife's argument that the amount of child

support was erroneous, she specifically argues that the trial court failed

to consider all of the husband's income and his ability to earn. The only

citation to authority in the wife's brief is to Rule 32(B)(3), Ala. R. Jud.

Admin., which defines self-employment income. Rule 28(a)(10), Ala. R.

App. P., requires that an appellant set forth "[a]n argument containing

the contentions of the [appellant] with respect to the issues presented,

and the reasons therefor, with citations to the cases, statutes, other

authorities, and parts of the record relied on." In her brief, the wife has

failed to comply with Rule 28(a)(10). However,

"[i]n certain circumstances, Alabama courts have
analyzed the merits of a claim despite a party's
noncompliance with Rule 28(a), Ala. R. App. P. Kirksey v.
Roberts, 613 So. 2d 352, 353 (Ala. 1993) (when 'we are able to
adequately discern the issue [the appellant] presents, in spite
of his failure to present authorities in support of his claim, we
will not affirm merely because of a technicality') .... Therefore,
we will exercise our discretion and consider [the seller's]

8
CL-2023-0584 and CL-2023-0716

petition. Dubose v. Dubose, 964 So. 2d 42, 46 n.5 (Ala. Civ.
App. 2007) ('[T]his court may choose to affirm a case on the
basis of Rule 28[, Ala. R. App. P.,] when an appellant's brief
fails to comply with the rule, but this court is by no means
required to do so.' (emphasis omitted) (citing Kirksey, 613 So.
2d at 353))."

Ex parte Cleghorn, 993 So. 2d 462, 466 (Ala. 2008).

Here, because the child's child-support needs are involved, we will

exercise our discretion to consider the argument despite the wife's

noncompliance with Rule 28.

At the trial, the husband testified that he owns J&J Concrete and

that that business is his only source of income. His 2021 federal income-

tax return was entered into evidence; that return reported business

income in the amount of $43,769. The husband testified, though, that he

had worked some "side jobs" and had been paid in cash. According to the

husband, by working those "side jobs," he had been able to pay bills and

to give his wife and an adult son a combined $2,600 every two weeks,

which equates to approximately $67,000 per year. Bank records from one

of the husband's bank accounts show that the husband made deposits of

at least $49,410 into that account over a five-month period (December

2022 through May 2023). The husband's attorney stipulated that the

husband had commingled his personal and business accounts.

9
CL-2023-0584 and CL-2023-0716

Rule 32(B)(2)(a) defines "gross income" as "income from any source,

and includes, but is not limited to, salaries, wages, commissions, bonuses,

dividends, severance pay, pensions, interest, trust income, annuities,

capital gains, Social Security benefits, veteran's benefits, workers'

compensation benefits, unemployment-insurance benefits, disability-

insurance benefits, gifts, prizes, and preexisting periodic alimony."

(Emphasis added.) "This court has held that 'the trial court must take

into account all sources of income of the parents when computing support

obligations' and that '[t]he trial court has no discretion' to ignore sources

of income when computing a parent's child-support obligation." Wellborn

v. Wellborn, 100 So. 3d 1122, 1128 (Ala. Civ. App. 2012) (reversing and

remanding child-support determination where the trial court failed to

consider all sources of income) (quoting Massey v. Massey, 706 So. 2d

1272, 1274 (Ala. Civ. App. 1997)) (emphasis in Wellborn).

Here, based on the amount of the child-support award, it appears

that the trial court did not consider the husband's income from his "side

jobs" when calculating the husband's child-support obligation.

Specifically, on the Form CS-42 prepared by the trial court, the trial court

entered the amount of $3,666 for the husband's monthly adjusted gross

10
CL-2023-0584 and CL-2023-0716

income and stated that it had relied upon the husband's 2021 federal

income-tax return. However, as previously stated, the husband admitted

to working "side jobs" for cash, and the evidence indicates that the

husband was able to transfer approximately $67,000 per year to the wife

and an adult son. Because the judgment did not consider the husband's

income from all sources, we reverse the trial court's judgment with

respect to its child-support award, and we remand this case for the trial

court to reconsider its child-support award in light of this opinion.

With respect to the wife's argument concerning medical insurance,

the wife has failed to cite any legal authority. However, as before, we

can adequately discern the basis of the wife's argument, so we will

address it.

Rule 32(A)(4), Ala. R. Jud. Admin., provides:

"All orders establishing or modifying child support shall, at a
minimum, provide for the children's health-care needs
through private or public health-care coverage and/or cash
medical support. Normally, health-care coverage for the
children should be required if it is available to either parent
through his or her employment or pursuant to any other plan
at a reasonable cost and is accessible to the children."

(Emphasis added.)

11
CL-2023-0584 and CL-2023-0716

In this case, the husband's Form CS-41 indicated that the child was

covered by Medicaid, but the wife's Form CS-41 indicated that the child

was not covered by health-care insurance. At the trial, the wife testified

that the child was not covered by health-care insurance. The judgment

provided, in pertinent part:

"27. The [husband] shall pay any necessary and
reasonable non-covered medical, prescription, dental,
orthodontic, optical expenses, hospital, or other reasonable
and necessary medical expenses which are incurred on behalf
of the parties' minor child, and which are not paid by medical
insurance coverage.

"28. The [wife] shall be responsible for providing the
[husband] with a copy of any medical bills showing the
amount due after payment by insurance within thirty (30)
days of her receipt of said bill and the [husband] shall
reimburse the non-covered amount within thirty (30) days
from his receipt of said notice."

The trial court's judgment did not specify that the child is to be

covered by health-care insurance but implied that the child is to be

covered because it designated how the "non-covered medical expenses" of

the child would be paid. This provision is for "cash medical support" as

allowed by Rule 32(A)(4). The judgment is silent however, as to the

source of the coverage to which it alludes. The judgment's silence as to

the source of the coverage creates an ambiguity that the trial court should

12
CL-2023-0584 and CL-2023-0716

resolve at the first instance. Therefore, on remand, the trial court should

clarify its provision for health-care coverage in light of Rule 32(A)(4).

Conclusion

Based on the foregoing, the judgment is reversed, and the case is

remanded for the trial court to enter a judgment in accordance with this

opinion.

CL-2023-0584 -- REVERSED AND REMANDED WITH

INSTRUCTIONS.

CL-2023-0716 -- REVERSED AND REMANDED WITH

INSTRUCTIONS.

Moore, P.J., and Edwards, Hanson, and Fridy, JJ., concur.

13