Key legal question
Whether the president of the police court had to be recused for bias under Art. 56 let. f CPP
Extracted holding
No objective circumstances showed an appearance of bias; refusing evidence and other case-management decisions did not justify recusal.
Extracted reasoning
Under the recusal clause, only objectively ascertainable circumstances creating an appearance of partiality matter. A refusal to hear witnesses or produce documents, even if contested, is normally part of the judge’s ordinary role and does not by itself indicate prejudice. The file revealed no heavy or repeated procedural errors, nor any other concrete indication of hostility.