Key legal question
Whether a court may decide a civil case without a main hearing when the defendant fails to file a statement of defense.
Extracted holding
No. Even if the defendant remains silent after proper warning, the court must still hold a main hearing and summon the defendant peremptorily for it before deciding on the plaintiff's submissions alone.
Extracted reasoning
§ 140 ZPO leads to default procedure under § 65 ZPO, but the clear wording of § 65 requires the decision only after the expiry of one hour at the hearing. The first-instance proceeding is fundamentally oral, and the defendant's silence does not eliminate procedural rights.