Key legal question
Whether the costs of the HF business studies are deductible as professional continuing education
Extracted holding
No. The studies were treated as non-deductible education costs, not continuing education.
Extracted reasoning
The course at HFW A. was a generalist business programme that opened new professional opportunities and went beyond maintaining existing skills. It was started only six years after apprenticeship/completion of vocational training, so the knowledge was not yet outdated. The court reaffirmed its prior case law classifying the programme as education rather than deductible continuing education.