Key legal question
Whether multiple forgery under Art. 251 StGB is in real or apparent concurrence with fraud under Art. 146 StGB when forged documents are used to commit the fraud.
Extracted holding
Fraud and forgery remain in real concurrence; the forgery is not absorbed by fraud.
Extracted reasoning
Art. 146 protects assets, whereas Art. 251 protects trust in documentary evidence and the legal traffic. Forgery is an abstract endangerment offense and does not lose its independent wrong merely because it serves fraud. Legislative materials and prior case law do not justify abandoning the established rule.