Key legal question
Whether the defendant's conduct in the horse purchases constituted astute deception under Art. 146 CP.
Extracted holding
Yes. By entering the contracts while already decided not to pay, and by exploiting a context that did not require the sellers to verify solvency, he used astute deception.
Extracted reasoning
A lie about intent to perform is astute when verification of performance or intent cannot reasonably be expected. Here the specialized press advertisement, the modest prices, immediate delivery, and the customary nine-day payment practice meant the sellers were not grossly negligent.