Key legal question
Whether non-payment before the paternity judgment became final can constitute violation of a maintenance obligation under Art. 217 CP.
Extracted holding
A person cannot be convicted under Art. 217 CP for failing to pay maintenance before a final and valid paternity judgment establishes the family-law duty, unless provisional maintenance orders existed or eventual intent after awareness of the proceedings is found.
Extracted reasoning
The maintenance duty under Art. 276 CC arises only once paternity is established by final judgment. A criminal omission cannot be constituted retroactively. The cantonal court therefore had to determine the actual date when the civil judgment entered into force and whether the accused at least accepted the possibility of being successfully sued in paternity proceedings.