Key legal question
Whether the earlier dismissal of the criminal investigation against the appellant barred the substitute claim under ne bis in idem.
Extracted holding
No. The substitute claim was based on X.'s offense, not on the appellant's own conduct, and could be assessed in X.'s criminal proceedings after the predicate offense had been established.
Extracted reasoning
The appellant's investigation had been closed for lack of proof of his own criminal conduct. The later substitute claim depended on the proven offense of X. and the resulting profits, which were not the subject of the appellant's case.