Key legal question
Whether the Federal Court appeal was validly filed through a representative who was not an attorney.
Extracted holding
No valid representation existed because the case fell under attorney monopoly and the representative was not entitled to act before the Federal Court.
Extracted reasoning
In matters subject to civil-law appeal, representation before the Federal Court is limited to attorneys authorized under the Attorneys Act or treaty. A non-lawyer cannot cure the defect by later ratification, and the statutory defect cannot be remedied under Art. 42(5) BGG.