Key legal question
Whether the Macedonian custody determination for the daughter could be recognized in Switzerland.
Extracted holding
No; the child had her habitual residence in Switzerland and no sufficient connection to Macedonia, so the foreign custody allocation could not be recognized.
Extracted reasoning
The child had lived in Switzerland her entire life, with both parents also living there; under ESÜ Art. 10(1)(c), recognition may be refused when the child has substantial links to the requested state and no comparable link to the state of origin. The foreign finding did not violate Swiss ordre public, but the lack of indirect jurisdiction was decisive.