Key legal question
Whether the daughter's transfer to Lugano was wrongful under Article 3 Hague Convention
Extracted holding
The child had her habitual residence in Italy before 13 August 2010, and the father had custody under Italian law; the first Article 3 requirement was met.
Extracted reasoning
The child's center of life remained in Palermo despite some stays in Lugano; Italian law gave both parents joint custody absent a court order.