Key legal question
Whether the instructing judge had to be recused for alleged bias after rejecting the plaintiff's amendment request.
Extracted holding
The rejection of the amendment request, and the wording used in that ruling, did not objectively create an appearance of bias or show a pre-formed view on the debt action.
Extracted reasoning
Recusal requires objectively ascertainable circumstances creating an appearance of partiality. Ordinary procedural or appraisal errors are insufficient; only particularly serious or repeated violations may justify recusal. The judge's detailed assessment under Vaud civil procedure remained within his role and was objectively reasoned.