Key legal question
Whether a new Swiss claim was barred by lis pendens under Art. 31(2) CMR because of the pending Dutch action.
Extracted holding
Yes. The Dutch negative declaratory action concerned the same matter between the same parties, and the enforceability exception was not shown.
Extracted reasoning
Art. 31 CMR allows negative declaratory actions; for lis pendens, identity of subject matter exists when one party seeks non-liability and the other claims damages from the same event. No indication showed the Dutch judgment would be unenforceable in Switzerland.